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Iberoamerican Civilizational Discourse: Cultural Dominants of Identity 伊比利亚美洲文明话语:认同的文化支配
Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-2-182-188
M. Larionova
Book Review: Ibero-America:  The role of culture in the formation and evolution of national identity. / Konstantinova, Natalia S. (Ed.) Ibero-America: The role of culture in the formation and evolution of national identity. – Moscow: ILA RAS, 2022 (in Russian). – 244 p.
书评:伊比利亚美洲:文化在国家认同的形成和演变中的作用。/ Natalia S. Konstantinova主编:《伊比利亚-美洲:文化在民族认同形成和演变中的作用》。-莫斯科:ILA RAS, 2022年(俄语)。- 244 p。
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引用次数: 0
Сooperation of Russian and Spanish Researchers Facing the Challenges of Time 面对时间挑战的俄罗斯和西班牙研究人员Сooperation
Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-2-189-198
I. Krivushin
Book Review: Spain and Russia Facing the Challenges of Time. O. Volosyuk (ed.), — Moscow:  Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenia, 2022. — 648 p.
书评:西班牙和俄罗斯面对时间的挑战。O. Volosyuk(编),-莫斯科:Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenia, 2022。- 648 p。
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引用次数: 0
Spanish Paintings From Russian Collections. The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts will open an exhibition of Spanish painting from the collections in Russia 来自俄罗斯收藏的西班牙绘画。普希金国立美术博物馆将在俄罗斯举办西班牙绘画作品展
Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-2-14-29
S. G. Zagorskaya
Russia holds the first largest collection of canvas by great Spanish masters outside of Spain, including paintings by El Greco, Murillo, Ribera, Zurbaran, Goya, and others. In November 2023 the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts presents an exhibition of Spanish paintings from its own collections, as well as the works of art from the Hermitage and regional museums. In this interview, Svetlana Zagorskaya, curator of Spanish painting at the Pushkin Museum, talks about the collections of Spanish painting in Russia, the history of their acquisition and meticulous work of attributing paintings. Particular attention is paid to Svetlana Zagorskaya’s discoveries of the authorship of the canvas by Jusepe de Ribera «Saint James the Greater» and the painting by Bartolomeo Murillo «Saint Catherine of Alexandria», which open the exposition of old masters in the main building of the Museum. The purpose of the upcoming exhibition, apart from being educational, is to show the cultural attraction of Spain and Russia, two countries at the extreme ends of Europe. Since the end of the 19th century many Russian artists visited Spain and looked for new motives for inspiration, at the same time Russian collectors bought a lot of works by Spanish artists. Thus, an invisible but strong cultural bridge was being built between the two countries, and it still exists in our time.
俄罗斯拥有西班牙以外最大的西班牙大师画布收藏,包括埃尔·格列柯、穆里略、里贝拉、祖巴兰、戈雅等人的作品。2023年11月,普希金国家美术博物馆将展出自己收藏的西班牙绘画作品,以及艾尔米塔什和地区博物馆的艺术作品。在这次采访中,普希金博物馆西班牙绘画策展人斯维特拉娜·扎戈尔斯卡娅(Svetlana Zagorskaya)谈到了俄罗斯的西班牙绘画收藏、它们的收购历史和绘画归属的细致工作。特别值得注意的是,Svetlana Zagorskaya发现了Jusepe de Ribera的油画作者“圣詹姆斯大”和Bartolomeo Murillo的油画“亚历山大的圣凯瑟琳”,在博物馆的主楼里打开了老主人的展览。此次展览的目的除了教育外,还在于展示位于欧洲两端的西班牙和俄罗斯的文化吸引力。自19世纪末以来,许多俄罗斯艺术家访问西班牙,寻找新的灵感来源,与此同时,俄罗斯收藏家购买了大量西班牙艺术家的作品。因此,两国之间正在架起一座无形但坚固的文化桥梁,它在我们这个时代仍然存在。
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引用次数: 0
Anniversary of the Iberoamerican Center of MGIMO University MGIMO大学伊比利亚美洲中心周年纪念
Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-2-199-204
G. Gorenko
Three «Iberoamerican» anniversaries were celebrated at MGIMO in April, 2023: 30 years since the establishment of the Iberoamerican Centre and the Spanish Theatre of students, and 10 years since the academic journal «Iberoamerican Papers» was founded. MGIMO University has a famous scientific school of Iberoamerican academic studies, carried out in different areas. Great importance is given to intercultural communication and to the study of the history, languages and cultures of the Iberoamerican world, which obtains a special dimension in the current conditions.
2023年4月,MGIMO庆祝了三个“伊比利亚美洲”纪念日:伊比利亚美洲中心和西班牙学生剧院成立30周年,以及学术期刊“伊比利亚美洲论文”成立10周年。MGIMO大学拥有著名的伊比利亚美洲学术研究科学学院,在不同领域开展学术研究。非常重视跨文化交流和对伊比利亚美洲世界的历史、语言和文化的研究,这在当前条件下获得了特殊的维度。
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引用次数: 0
The Lisbon fado and its study in the context of the history of Portugal 里斯本庄园及其在葡萄牙历史背景下的研究
Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-1-99-112
M. E. Kabitski
Fado, sometimes called Portuguese urban romance, is a cultural phenomenon whose meaning goes far beyond this definition and generally beyond the framework of musical culture at all. It has become an important part of the traditional culture of Portugal, an iconic element of the image of the country, having gone through several phases of evolution in its relatively short (slightly less than two centuries) history. Having arisen and being at the initial stage an element of the folklore of the urban lower classes of Lisbon, fado later underwent cultural appropriation by the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie, who saw in it the features of the national spirit and the expression of the mentality of the Portuguese. In particular, it was associated with such properties of the national character, which are generalised in the concept of «saudade» – melancholic or tragic longing for the distant, unattainable, often gone into the past. On the other hand, fado was condemned and stigmatised as a low genre associated with marginal strata, as well as with the backwardness and decline of the country. In the first half of the 20th century, the professionalisation and prestige of the fado is increasing, it penetrates the theatre scene, grows popular with the general public, becomes famous abroad. To a large extent, this is due to the innovations of a new generation of authors and performers, in particular, Alfredo Marceneiro, Hermínia Silva and Amália Rodrigues, sometimes defined as the «fado triangle». The significance of fado for Portuguese and world culture was marked by its inclusion in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2011.
法朵,有时被称为葡萄牙都市浪漫,是一种文化现象,其含义远远超出了这个定义,通常也超出了音乐文化的框架。它已经成为葡萄牙传统文化的重要组成部分,是国家形象的标志性元素,在其相对较短的历史(略少于两个世纪)中经历了几个阶段的演变。法多最初是里斯本城市下层阶级民间传说的一部分,后来被贵族和资产阶级文化挪用,他们在其中看到了民族精神的特征和葡萄牙人心态的表达。特别是,它与民族性的这些属性有关,这些属性概括为“saudade”的概念-对遥远的,无法实现的,经常进入过去的忧郁或悲剧性的渴望。另一方面,法朵被谴责和污名化,被认为是一种与边缘阶层以及国家的落后和衰落有关的低级流派。在20世纪上半叶,法朵的专业化和声望不断提高,它渗透到戏剧舞台上,越来越受到公众的欢迎,并在国外闻名。在很大程度上,这是由于新一代作家和表演者的创新,特别是阿尔弗雷多·马塞内罗,Hermínia席尔瓦和Amália罗德里格斯,有时被定义为“法多三角”。2011年,法多被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录,这标志着法多对葡萄牙和世界文化的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Russian imprint in the peculiar mosaic of Argentine identity 在阿根廷独特的身份拼图上留下了俄罗斯的印记
Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-1-81-98
D. V. Rykova
The article deals with the impact of the Russian immigration and the activities undertaken by the Russian Orthodox Church on the Argentine Republic. The aim of the article is to assess the contribution made by the Russian migrants to the formation and history of the Argentine nation. From 1881 to 1914, more than 4.2 million migrants moved to Argentina, with the Russians being the fourth largest group. By 1914, the migrants accounted for 30% of the population (3.9% were Russians); thus, Argentina was developing as a country of immigration. Today, by contrast, Argentina is becoming a country of emigration, as there is a worrying human capital outflow. Therefore, it is useful to recall and evaluate the positive potential of the Russian migration to Argentina. The methodological basis of the article comprises the induction, the logical intuitive method, the method of periodization, the historical interpretative method and the institutional approach. The article examines Argentina’s policy of attracting migrants, its reasons and the response to this policy in the form of six waves of migration from Russia to Argentina. It analyses the contribution of the representatives of the waves to the industrial and intellectual areas in Argentina, and the impact of the immigration flows on the country’s identity. It also considers the historical and contemporary influence of the Russian Orthodox Church on the Argentine religious field. It is concluded that the Russian migration contributed to the development of the Argentine rural and urban areas, culture and science, as well as reinforced Argentina’s identity as a multi-ethnic and multicultural, arrogant and self-critical country. The Russian Orthodox Church historically has been the centre of the Russian diaspora´s cultural life in Argentina, and at present it has undertaken numerous cultural and religious initiatives facilitating the intercultural dialogue.
这篇文章论述了俄罗斯移民和俄罗斯东正教会对阿根廷共和国所进行的活动的影响。本文的目的是评估俄罗斯移民对阿根廷民族的形成和历史的贡献。从1881年到1914年,超过420万移民来到阿根廷,其中俄罗斯人是第四大移民群体。到1914年,移民占人口的30%(3.9%为俄罗斯人);因此,阿根廷正在发展成为一个移民国家。相比之下,今天的阿根廷正在成为一个移民国家,因为存在令人担忧的人力资本外流。因此,回顾和评价俄罗斯移民到阿根廷的积极潜力是有益的。本文的方法论基础包括归纳法、逻辑直观法、分期法、历史解释法和制度法。本文考察了阿根廷吸引移民的政策,其原因和对这一政策的反应,从俄罗斯到阿根廷的六波移民。它分析了移民潮的代表对阿根廷工业和知识领域的贡献,以及移民潮对国家认同的影响。它还考虑了俄罗斯东正教会对阿根廷宗教领域的历史和当代影响。结论是,俄罗斯移民促进了阿根廷农村和城市地区、文化和科学的发展,并加强了阿根廷作为一个多民族和多文化、傲慢和自我批评的国家的特性。俄罗斯东正教历史上一直是俄罗斯侨民在阿根廷文化生活的中心,目前它已经采取了许多促进文化间对话的文化和宗教倡议。
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引用次数: 0
Specifics of the Latin American world view construction 拉丁美洲世界观建构的具体情况
Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-1-16-40
A. Kofman
There are two main strategies for a world view formation in a literary work: the first one is direct, when the writer focuses on the national reality itself recreating it as a self-sufficient phenomenon independent of «someone else’s view»; the second one is «reverse». Its main feature is that the world view is formed in the process of a constant comparison with another culture, exploring and evaluating their own culture through the eyes of a foreigner. In Western European literature, the direct strategy is extremely dominant, whereas in Latin American literature, the reverse strategy has acquired the significance it has never had in the European one. It is proved by two ways in which the reverse strategy manifests itself: the first one is «looking outside», that is, the assertion of the uniqueness of Latin American reality through its juxtaposition with the European one; the second one is «looking from outside», which offers the perception of Latin American reality by an «outsider». The question arises: what factors have determined the dominance of the reverse strategy in Latin American literature? One of the reasons is that the latter has evolved by absorbing and processing the European literary patterns: this path of evolution is defined as «the search for one’s own in someone else’s». But this is not the only factor. Since the 16th century, the era of the birth of Latin American culture, the mode of perception of America has been formed as the opposition of the New World to the Old World and contained the motive of amazement at the «miraculous» reality, which was preserved in the genetic memory of culture materializing in the 20th century as magic realism.
文学作品世界观的形成主要有两种策略:第一种策略是直接的,即作家关注民族现实本身,将其作为一种独立于“他人观点”的自给自足的现象进行再创造;第二个是«reverse»。它的主要特点是世界观是在不断与另一种文化进行比较的过程中形成的,通过外国人的眼光来探索和评价自己的文化。在西欧文学中,直接策略占绝对优势,而在拉丁美洲文学中,反向策略获得了欧洲文学中从未有过的重要性。这可以通过两种方式来证明:第一种是“向外看”,即通过与欧洲的并置来断言拉丁美洲现实的独特性;第二个是“从外面看”,它提供了一个“局外人”对拉丁美洲现实的看法。问题来了:是什么因素决定了反向策略在拉丁美洲文学中的主导地位?其中一个原因是,后者是通过吸收和处理欧洲文学模式而发展起来的:这种发展道路被定义为“在别人的文学中寻找自己的”。但这并不是唯一的因素。自16世纪拉丁美洲文化诞生的时代起,对美洲的认知模式就形成了新世界与旧世界的对立,并包含了对“奇迹”现实的惊奇动机,这种动机保存在文化的遗传记忆中,在20世纪作为魔幻现实主义物质化。
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引用次数: 0
«Divine Comedy» of Spain 西班牙的《神曲》
Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-1-183-188
M. V. Kharkevich
Book review: Astakhova E.V. Spain as a metaphor. Moscow: MGIMO-University/EKSMO, 2023. 287 p.
书评:Astakhova E.V.西班牙的隐喻。莫斯科:mgimo -大学/EKSMO, 2023。287便士。
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引用次数: 0
The role of hat in the self-identification of Latin American peoples 帽子在拉丁美洲人民自我认同中的作用
Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-1-68-80
I. V. Davtian
The diversity of Latin American hats is determined by the climatic and geographical characteristics of the area of residence of different nations, as well as socio-economic factors, however, inter-ethnic ties play a key role, as well as the historically accumulated cultural experience of the ethnic group, which is reflected in the national costume. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the thesis that the headdress, in addition to protective, informational, aesthetic and other functions, has a function of self-identification and, as a result, an educational function, which consists in transfering from generation to generation the knowledge about national culture and history, as well as in the formation in the subconscious of younger generations of ethnodifferentiating and ethno-consolidating signs. To achieve this goal, methods of description, comparison and observation, classic for cultural research, as well as a hypothetical-deductive method are used. Studying the history of the emergence and peculiarities of hat-wear in a number of countries in Latin America, as well as comparing them with each other, it is concluded that the Latin American hats concentratively reflects the worldview of the people. It is a kind of cultural metasymbol, through which the transfer of spiritual values takes place and the mechanism of ethnocultural self-identification of the people is preserved. Being an element of the national costume, one of the forms of public consciousness, it reflects reality, but in a special way, being a carrier of both national and personal, as well as class cultural values. Wearing a hat is not just a tradition for Ecuadorians, Bolivians, Mexicans, Colombians and other peoples of the region. The headdress represents a symbol of the commonality of the nation.
拉丁美洲帽子的多样性是由不同民族居住地区的气候和地理特征以及社会经济因素决定的,但种族间的联系起着关键作用,以及该民族历史积累的文化经验,这体现在民族服装上。本研究的目的在于证实头饰除了具有保护、信息、审美等功能外,还具有自我认同的功能,从而具有教育的功能。这种功能在于将民族文化和历史知识代代相传,并在年轻一代的潜意识中形成民族区分和民族巩固的标志。为了实现这一目标,我们使用了文化研究经典的描述、比较和观察方法,以及假设-演绎方法。通过对拉丁美洲一些国家的帽子出现历史和特点的研究,并对它们进行比较,得出结论:拉丁美洲的帽子集中反映了人们的世界观。它是一种文化元象征,通过它进行精神价值的传递,保存了民族文化自我认同的机制。作为民族服饰的一个元素,作为公众意识的一种表现形式,它以一种特殊的方式反映现实,是国家和个人以及阶级文化价值的载体。戴帽子不仅是厄瓜多尔人、玻利维亚人、墨西哥人、哥伦比亚人和该地区其他民族的传统。头饰是民族共性的象征。
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引用次数: 0
New times, new horizons for the discourse and digital culture. The defense of the doctoral thesis of M.V. Larionova 话语和数字文化的新时代、新视野。M.V. Larionova博士论文答辩
Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-1-199-201
S. Kerimova
20 февраля  2023  г.  в  диссертационном совете университета МГИМО МИД России доцент кафедры испанского языка Марина Владимировна Ларионова  успешно защитила диссертацию на соискание учёной степени доктора филологических наук.
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Cadernos ibero-americanos de direito sanitario = Cuadernos iberoamericanos de derecho sanitario
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