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MALDI-MSI method for the detection of large biomolecules in plant leaf tissue MALDI-MSI方法用于植物叶组织中大分子的检测
Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001061
Carmo Lilian St, G. RibeiroDaiane, A. BarbosaEder, P. SilvaLuciano, Mehta Angela
In this study we describe a method for the detection of biomolecules (in the polypeptide m/z range) directly from the surface of plant leaves by using Mass Spectrometry Imaging. The plant-pathogen interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana and the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris was analyzed by comparing infected and non-infected leaf discs submitted to mass spectrometry. The total surface area of ion distribution was calculated for both samples, revealing 23 ions, out of which 3 showed statistical significance. Although these ions were not identified, the results showed that this approach can be successfully applied for the detection of potential polypeptide biomarkers directly on leaf tissue, which is a major challenge in MALDI-Imaging studies.
在这项研究中,我们描述了一种利用质谱成像直接从植物叶片表面检测生物分子(在多肽m/z范围内)的方法。拟南芥与油菜黄单胞菌的植物-病原体互作。通过比较提交质谱分析的感染和未感染的叶片来分析Campestris。计算两个样品离子分布的总表面积,共发现23个离子,其中3个具有统计学意义。虽然这些离子没有被鉴定出来,但结果表明,这种方法可以成功地应用于直接检测叶片组织上潜在的多肽生物标志物,这是maldi成像研究的主要挑战。
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引用次数: 1
Pathogen identification and control of sooty spot caused by Cladosporium ramotenellum, appearing on fresh easy peeler mandarins from Perú Perú鲜易去皮柑桔上拉莫卷烟枝孢子菌黑斑病的病原鉴定与防治
Pub Date : 2021-06-09 DOI: 10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001059
Murciano Celia
During the 2018 season, superficial dry and firm black spots, where sometimes an aerial mycelium developed, appeared on the rind of easy peeler mandarins causing high economic losses in fresh citrus exports from Perú. In this work, we have identified the causal agent, a species of Cladosporium not previously reported as a citrus pathogen. The pathogen was isolated from rind lesions of affected fruit and was identified by sequencing as Cladosporium ramotenellum; and fulfilment of Koch postulates was proven. This species was present on the surface of immature fruit in the groves, indicating that the infection is likely initiated before harvest. Cladosporium ramotenellum is resistant to the postharvest fungicides imazalil, pyrimethanil, and thiabendazole, but sensitive to propiconazole, prochloraz, and ortho-phenylphenol. We designed a postharvest industrial treatment to decrease the Cladosporium sp. load on the fruit surface that limited the incidence of infection and reduced the postharvest losses caused by the fungus. Although this species is quite ubiquitous, this is the first description of C. ramotenellum causing decay of citrus fruit, being the symptoms of this disease similar to the ones described previously and caused by Cladosporium cladosporoides in cv. Satsuma mandarins from Japan.
2018年,易削柑橘果皮上出现了表面干燥和坚硬的黑点,有时会出现空中菌丝体,给Perú的新鲜柑橘出口造成了巨大的经济损失。在这项工作中,我们已经确定了致病因子,一种枝孢杆菌以前没有报道作为柑橘病原体。从受病果实的皮损中分离到病原菌,经测序鉴定为拉莫tenellcladosporium;证明了科赫假设的实现。该物种存在于果园未成熟果实表面,表明感染可能在收获前开始。罗氏枝孢杆菌对采后杀菌剂吡唑啉、嘧菌胺和噻苯达唑有抗性,但对丙环唑、丙氯嗪和邻苯酚敏感。本研究设计了一种采后工业处理方法,以减少枝孢杆菌对果实表面的负荷,从而限制了侵染的发生,减少了该真菌造成的采后损失。虽然该物种非常普遍,但这是第一次描述引起柑橘果实腐烂的C. ramotenellum,因为该疾病的症状与之前描述的相似,由cv中的Cladosporium cladosporoides引起。来自日本的萨摩柑。
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引用次数: 2
Ion transporters and their molecular regulation mechanism in plants 植物离子转运蛋白及其分子调控机制
Pub Date : 2021-05-26 DOI: 10.29328/JOURNAL.JPSP.1001058
S. Walid, Brini Faiçal
With the global population predicted to grow by at least 25% by 2050, the need for sustainable production of nutritious foods is important for human and environmental health. Recent progress demonstrate that membrane transporters can be used to improve yields of staple crops, increase nutrient content and resistance to key stresses, including salinity, which in turn could expand available arable land. Exposure to salt stress affects plant water relations and creates ionic stress in the form of the cellular accumulation of Na+ and Cl- ions. However, salt stress also impacts heavily on the homeostasis of other ions such as Ca2+, K+, and NO3- and therefore requires insights into how transport and compartmentation of these nutrients are altered during salinity stress. Since Na+ interferes with K+ homeostasis, maintaining a balanced cytosolic Na+/K+ ratio has become a key salinity tolerance mechanism. Achieving this homeostatic balance requires the activity of Na+ and K+ transporters and/or channels. The aim of this review is to seek answers to this question by examining the role of major ions transporters and channels in ions uptake, translocation and intracellular homeostasis in plants.
预计到2050年,全球人口将增长至少25%,可持续生产营养食品的需求对人类和环境健康至关重要。最近的进展表明,膜转运蛋白可用于提高主要作物的产量,增加营养成分和对关键胁迫(包括盐度)的抵抗力,从而扩大可用耕地。暴露在盐胁迫下会影响植物与水的关系,并以细胞积累Na+和Cl-离子的形式产生离子胁迫。然而,盐胁迫也严重影响其他离子的稳态,如Ca2+、K+和NO3-,因此需要深入了解这些营养物质的运输和分隔在盐胁迫期间是如何改变的。由于Na+干扰K+稳态,维持平衡的胞浆Na+/K+比例已成为关键的耐盐机制。实现这种稳态平衡需要Na+和K+转运蛋白和/或通道的活性。这篇综述的目的是通过研究主要离子转运蛋白和通道在植物离子吸收、转运和细胞内稳态中的作用来寻求这个问题的答案。
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引用次数: 4
An experimental study on effects of fluoridated water on Abelmoschus esculentus var. Soh-198 (Lady Finger) 氟化水对绿僵鼠Soh-198 (Lady Finger)影响的实验研究
Pub Date : 2021-03-23 DOI: 10.29328/JOURNAL.JPSP.1001056
Iram Arshi
An experimental study of fluoride (F) accumulation in Abelmoschus esculentus var. Soh-198 and its effect on the growth and crop yield was conducted in a pot experiment. Eight different concentrations of F in the water were used for irrigation ranging from 2 to 14 ppm with distilled water as the control. Potentiometric determinations of the F content in different parts of the plant were made 45, 60, and 120 days after sowing the seeds (first, second, and third harvest, respectively). At the third harvest the highest mean plant part concentrations of F were recorded with 14 ppm F in the irrigation water: 9.0638 mg/kg in the roots, 5.6896 mg/kg in shoot, 4.5348 mg/kg in leaf and 3.563 mg/kg in fruit.
采用盆栽试验方法,研究了氟(F)在沙鼠Soh-198体内的积累及其对作物生长和产量的影响。用水中8种不同浓度的F用于灌溉,范围从2到14 ppm,蒸馏水作为对照。在播种后45、60和120天(分别为第一次、第二次和第三次收获)对植株不同部位的F含量进行电位测定。在第三次收获时,灌溉水中F的最高平均植株部位浓度为14 ppm:根9.0638 mg/kg,茎5.6896 mg/kg,叶4.5348 mg/kg,果3.563 mg/kg。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization and virulence determination of Colletotrichum kahawae isolates from Gidami, Western Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚西部Gidami炭疽菌kahawae分离株的鉴定与毒力测定
Pub Date : 2021-02-05 DOI: 10.29328/JOURNAL.JPSP.1001054
W. Zenebe, T. Daniel, G. Weyessa
Coffee is one of the most essential crops that generate income for Ethiopian economic growth. However, its production faced with many factors primarily biotic entities. Among these, the fungal pathogen /Colletotrichum kahawae/ that induce coffee berry disease (CBD) is the main constraint of coffee production in the country. The pathogen is a very specialized and infects the green berries/fiscal par/which diminishes the income gained from it and disturbs the country’s economy in general and the producers in particular. Regarding to the disease level and related factors, little information is available in Western Ethiopia. Hence, this study was initiated to assess the magnitude of CBD in coffee fields, to characterize and evaluate the virulence of C. kahawae isolates from the study areas of Gidami district. Assessment was done in 9 selected kebeles of 45 total farms starting from July 2017. The results indicated that CBD was prevalence in all assessed areas with the range of 66% to 86% and 16% to 50% disease incidence and severity index (SI), respectively. The highest CBD intensity was observed in higher altitude with a significant positive correlation between disease incidence (r = 0.61) and severity (r = 0.55). Macro and microscopic characterization results revealed isolates diversity in terms of colony color, density, mycelia growth rate and conidial production. Moreover, mycelia growth rate differs significantly (p < 0.001) in the range between 2.2 to 4.3 mm/24 hrs. Similarly, the sporulation capacity widely ranged from 186.1 to 572.3 spores/ml. This were strongly agreed with the virulence test that revealed significant variation (p < 0.001) among isolates and infection percentage also ranged between 34.8% and 88.7%. In all, the study was not only showed the CBD is very important disease of coffee in the study area but also determines the virulence disparity among isolates. To be honest, the diversity/identity of C. kahawae isolates should be confirmed using more other reliable methods thru including additional sample areas as well.
咖啡是埃塞俄比亚经济增长最重要的收入来源之一。然而,其生产面临着以生物实体为主的诸多因素。其中,引起咖啡浆果病(CBD)的真菌病原体/炭疽杆菌(Colletotrichum kahawae)是制约该国咖啡生产的主要病害。这种病原体是一种非常特殊的病原体,它感染绿色浆果/财政par/,从而减少了从中获得的收入,并扰乱了整个国家的经济,特别是生产者。关于疾病水平和相关因素,埃塞俄比亚西部的资料很少。因此,本研究旨在评估咖啡田CBD的大小,并对Gidami地区研究区的C. kahawae分离株的毒力进行表征和评价。从2017年7月开始,对45个农场的9个选定的kebeles进行了评估。结果表明,CBD在所有评估地区的患病率分别为66% ~ 86%和16% ~ 50%的疾病发病率和严重程度指数(SI)。高海拔地区CBD强度最高,发病率(r = 0.61)与严重程度(r = 0.55)呈正相关。宏观和微观鉴定结果显示,菌株在菌落颜色、密度、菌丝生长速度和分生孢子产量等方面具有多样性。菌丝生长速率在2.2 ~ 4.3 mm/ 24h范围内差异显著(p < 0.001)。同样,产孢量也在186.1 ~ 572.3孢子/ml之间。这与毒力试验结果一致,菌株间存在显著差异(p < 0.001),感染率也在34.8% ~ 88.7%之间。综上所述,本研究不仅表明CBD是研究区咖啡的重要病害,而且还决定了菌株之间的毒力差异。老实说,C. kahawae分离株的多样性/同一性应该通过增加额外的样本区域来使用更可靠的方法来确认。
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引用次数: 4
A Perspective on therapeutic potential of weeds 杂草的治疗潜力展望
Pub Date : 2020-06-18 DOI: 10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001050
Arya Vikrant, Prabhjot Kaur
‘Horse Hoeing Husbandry’ named famous writing by Jethro Tull (1731) mentioned irst time the word ‘weed’ [1]. Weeds may be considered as plants whose abundance must be over or above a speci ic level can cause major environmental concern [2]. Aldrich and Kremer, 1997 de ined weed as a part of dynamic ecosystem [3]. Plant originated in natural environment and, in response to imposed or natural environments, evolved, and continues to do so, as an interfering associate with crops and activities. Weeds may interfere with the utilization of land and water resources thereby adversely affect human welfare [4]. According to Ancient Indian Literature earth is blessed with diverse lora and every existing plant has their own importance. Some plants are considered unwanted but they may have bene icial properties. Scholars are trying hard to explore the hidden potential of such unwanted plants [5]. Weeds have interactions with other organisms and some of these interactions can have direct effects on the functioning of agro-ecosystem [6]. They serve as an indirect resource for predatory species [7] and it could alternative food sources for organisms that play prominent role in insect control [8]. Weeds have a unique travel history. Clinton L. Evans in his Abstract
Jethro Tull(1731年)的著名著作《马锄草》中首次提到了“杂草”这个词。杂草可以被认为是一种植物,其丰度必须超过或超过一个特定的水平,才能引起重大的环境问题。Aldrich and Kremer, 1997将杂草定义为动态生态系统bbb的一部分。植物起源于自然环境,并在自然环境的影响下进化并继续进化,作为作物和活动的干扰者。杂草可能干扰土地和水资源的利用,从而对人类福利产生不利影响。根据古印度文学,地球上有各种各样的植物,每一种现存的植物都有自己的重要性。有些植物被认为是不需要的,但它们可能有有益的特性。学者们正在努力探索这些不受欢迎的植物的潜在潜力。杂草与其他生物具有相互作用,其中一些相互作用可以直接影响农业生态系统的功能。它们可以作为掠食性物种[7]的间接资源,也可以作为昆虫控制生物[8]的替代食物来源。杂草有着独特的传播历史。克林顿·l·埃文斯在他的摘要中
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引用次数: 0
Incidence and disease control of Zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus 西葫芦黄花叶病毒的发病率及防治
Pub Date : 2020-05-05 DOI: 10.29328/JOURNAL.JPSP.1001048
El-Aziz Mahmoud Hamdy Abd
Zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV) was first identified in northern Italy. It likes other species of the family Potyuiridue. ZYMV has been recorded in many countries since 1981. The efficient intercontinental spread of the virus can be explained by international trading of infected seeds. Since coat protein (CP) analysis has become a primary method for taxonomic assignment of potyviruses the aims were to characterize this genomic region of ZYMV originating from virus-infected cucurbitaceous seedlings. Virus infection in cucurbits is typically associated with mosaic symptoms on leaves and lumpy, distorted fruit. The range of symptoms produced by each virus can overlap and plants are commonly infected by more than one virus at once. The viruses are spread by many species of aphids moving through or within a crop. Control options include: destroying old cucurbit crops as soon as harvesting is completed destroying weeds and volunteer cucurbits, within and around crops as these harbor the viruses and/or the aphids separating new crops from maturing crops as these will have high levels of virus infection avoiding overlapping crops of cucurbits.
西葫芦黄色花叶病毒(ZYMV)最早发现于意大利北部。它喜欢Potyuiridue科的其他物种。自1981年以来,ZYMV已在许多国家录制。病毒的有效洲际传播可以通过受感染种子的国际贸易来解释。由于外壳蛋白(CP)分析已成为鉴定马铃薯病毒分类的主要方法,因此目的是鉴定来源于病毒感染的葫芦科幼苗的ZYMV的该基因组区域。葫芦病毒感染通常与叶片和块状、扭曲的果实上的马赛克症状有关。每种病毒产生的症状范围可能重叠,植物通常同时感染不止一种病毒。这种病毒是由许多种类的蚜虫在作物中传播的。控制方案包括:一旦收割完成,就摧毁旧的葫芦作物,摧毁作物内部和周围的杂草和志愿葫芦,因为这些杂草和志愿南瓜携带病毒和/或蚜虫将新作物与成熟作物分离,因为这些作物会有高水平的病毒感染,避免重叠的葫芦作物。
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引用次数: 1
Natural infection of squash fruits (Cucurbita pepo) by Zucchini Yellow Mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV) in Alexandria governorate 亚历山大省西葫芦黄色花叶病毒对南瓜果实的自然感染
Pub Date : 2020-04-20 DOI: 10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001047
Abd El-Aziz Mahmoud Hamdy, Ahmed Eman Abd El tawab, Farag Azza Galal
An isolate of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) was obtained from naturally infected squash fruits were grown in Abees region, Alexandria governorate. Disease symptoms were Showing mosaic, yellowing and blistering and absis symptoms. The identifi cation was based on the symptoms developed on diagnostic hosts and serological reactions with antisera to cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), watermelon mosaic potyvirus 2 (WMV-2) and ZYMV. Squash fruit isolate of ZYMV was transmitted by Aphis gossypii, aphis neri and Myzus persicae in non-persistent manner. The virus was purifi ed by ultra-centrifugation and PEG. The purifi ed virus had an ultraviolet absorption spectrum typical of a nucleoprotein with A260/280 and A280/260 being 1.1
从亚历山大省Abees地区自然感染西葫芦果实中分离到一株西葫芦黄花叶病毒(ZYMV)。疾病症状表现为花叶状、黄化、起泡、脓肿症状。根据诊断宿主出现的症状和抗血清对黄瓜花叶黄瓜病毒(CMV)、西瓜花叶病毒2 (WMV-2)和ZYMV的血清学反应进行鉴定。ZYMV的南瓜果实分离物通过棉蚜、黑蚜和桃蚜以非宿存方式传播。用超离心和聚乙二醇分离纯化病毒。纯化的病毒具有典型的核蛋白紫外吸收光谱,A260/280和A280/260分别为1.1
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引用次数: 1
Renal function effects of FDS, a saponin isolated from Filicium decipiens seeds: Biochemical and Histopathological studies 桂皮籽皂苷FDS对肾功能的影响:生化和组织病理学研究
Pub Date : 2019-10-31 DOI: 10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001040
Rmp Brandao-Costa, J. Batistaa, T. Nascimento, A. Porto
Saponins are a group of surfactants of natural origin belonging to the glycoside derivatives of steroids or polycyclic triterpenes [1]. They are found as secondary metabolites in many species of plants and some species of marine animals and insects. Global saponin market is very promising, have a forecast for this growth annual of roughly 0.2% over the next ive years, will reach $ 970 million in 2023.
皂苷是一组天然来源的表面活性剂,属于甾体或多环三萜的糖苷衍生物[1]。它们作为次生代谢产物存在于许多植物物种以及一些海洋动物和昆虫物种中。全球皂苷市场非常有前景,预计未来五年的年增长率约为0.2%,2023年将达到9.7亿美元。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive phenotypic characterization and genetic distinction of distinct goosegrass (Eleusine indica L. Gaertn.) ecotypes 鹅草不同生态型的综合表型特征及遗传差异
Pub Date : 2019-10-04 DOI: 10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001038
R. A. Kerr, T. Zhebentyayeva, C. Saski, L. Mccarty
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of plant science and phytopathology
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