Journal of plant science and phytopathology最新文献

{"title":"Isolation and biochemical characterization of Plant Growth Promoting (PGP) bacteria colonizing the rhizosphere of Tef crop during the seedling stage","authors":"Z. Tsegaye, JBirhanu Gizaw, G. Tefera, A. Feleke, J. N. Qureshi, S. Chaniyalew, T. Alemu, F. Assefa","doi":"10.26717/BJSTR.2019.14.002534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26717/BJSTR.2019.14.002534","url":null,"abstract":"The use of novel PGPR as bio inoculant is an alternative sustainable agricultural practice to improve soil health, grain quality, increase crop productivity, and conserve biodiversity. The aim of this study is to isolate, and characterized PGP bacteria colonizing tef rhizosphere during the seedling stage. For this concern, 426 samples of tef (Eragrostis tef) rhizosphere soils and roots were collected from East Shewa zone, Oromia regional state. 200 morphologically different bacterial pure colonies were isolated and screened for their PGP traits and biocontrol properties. Among these 40.5% isolates were positive for phosphate solubilization. 36% were positive for IAA production, 4.5% were positive for ammonia production, 19 % were positive for (EXPS), 15.5% were positive for protease production, 12.5% were positive for HCN productions, 9.5 % were positive for cellulase production, 4% were positive for amylase production, 3.5% were positive for chitinase production. For abiotic stress tolerance test, all of the isolates were grown well at 20oc and 30oc and neutral pH, 27% isolates were grown well at 4oc, 25.5% grew at 40oc, 25.5% were grown well on pH-9 and pH-11, 23.5% were tolerated pH-5, 3.5% grew at 50oc and 60oc, 13.5% were grown well on 5% NaCl (w/v), 3.5% were grown well on 10 and 15% NaCl (w/v), which indicated these isolates can survive in some extreme conditions. Totally 15 bacterial species having PGP traits, biocontrol properties, and abiotic stress tolerance ability were identifi ed using the Biolog bacterial identifi cation system. Among these, the majority of the identifi ed PGPR have utilized carbohydrate, carboxylic acid, and amino acid, which are the main components of plant root exudates. The above results indicated that thus PGPR can be used as biofertilizers as well as biocontrol agents to replace agrochemicals to improve crop productivity. Hence, these species can be further formulated and used for greenhouse and fi eld applications. Research Article Isolation and biochemical characterization of Plant Growth Promoting (PGP) bacteria colonizing the rhizosphere of Tef crop during the seedling stage Zerihun Tsegaye*, Birhanu Gizaw, Genene Tefera, Adey Feleke, Solomon Chaniyalew, Tesfaye Alemu and Fasil Assefa Addis Ababa University, Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology and Ministry of Innovation and Technology, Ethiopia *Address for Correspondence: Zerihun Tsegaye, Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, Ethiopia, Tel: 251+936451046; Fax: #0116613722; Email: zerihuntsegaye1970@gmail.com Submitted: 01 February 2019 Approved: 27 March 2019 Published: 28 March 2019 Copyright: © 2019 Tsegaye Z, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited","PeriodicalId":93470,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant science and phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45154066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral RNAi mediated Plant defense versus its suppression by viruses","authors":"D. Gupta, S. Mukherjee","doi":"10.29328/JOURNAL.JPSP.1001025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/JOURNAL.JPSP.1001025","url":null,"abstract":"The age-old battle between plants and viruses has many twists and turns. Plants acquired the RNAi factors to checkmate the viruses and the viruses encode VSRs to defeat RNAi for their own survival. Plants designed mechanisms to neutralize the toxic effects of VSRs and the viruses, in their turn, use host microRNAs to strengthen their infection processes. The infi ghtings between these two entities will take different shapes with prolonged evolution and accordingly the researchers will dig these novel forms of duels not only to throw lights in the involved mechanisms but also to manipulate various antiviral strategies. Some of the research courses that might come up in the immediate future are discussed. Commentary Antiviral RNAi mediated Plant defense versus its suppression by viruses Dinesh Gupta1 and Sunil Kumar Mukherjee2* 1Translational Bioinformatics Group, ICGEB, New Delhi, India 2Division of Plant Pathology, IARI, New Delhi, India *Address for Correspondence: Sunil Kumar Mukherjee, Division of Plant Pathology, IARI, New Delhi, India, Tel: +91-9871995629; 011-2584-3588; Fax: 011-2584-0772; Email: sunilmukherjeeudsc@gmail.com Submitted: 27 December 2018 Approved: 24 January 2019 Published: 25 January 2019 Copyright: © 2019 Gupta D, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited How to cite this article: Gupta D, Mukherjee SK. Antiviral RNAi mediated Plant defense versus its suppression by viruses. J Plant Sci Phytopathol. 2019; 3: 001-008. https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001025 The arms race between host and virus is a continually evolving process involving multiple layers of interactions. Most of all eukaryotic organisms are RNAi-competent and defend themselves against the intruding molecular parasites, namely Viruses and Transposons [1]. As a reaction to host-defense (or rather counterdefence), viruses have also generated multiple weapons in their armory. The hosts in turn tighten up their security by developing means of counter-counterdefence. Viruses also reciprocate and invent strategies to weaken the hosts in subsequent rounds. All plant viruses encode RNAi-suppressors (VSRs) and use them to battle the host RNA-factors to uphold their counter-defense [2]. The VSRs are deactivated by hosts by mechanisms known as counter-counter defense. Following viral invasion in plants, host-microRNA (miR) pro iles undergo a lot of changes [3]. A subset of these deregulated miRs likely works against viral invasion, multiplication and systemic propagation [4,5]. However, recent reports indicate that some of the virus-induced miRs are also used to sensitise the host for enhancing viral invasion. Of the latter category, we would like to choose only three miRs, namely miR168, miR6026 and miR319 here as the representative candidates for their ability to sustain viral growth. The","PeriodicalId":93470,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant science and phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44628348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of essential oils as new food preservatives (Case: Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus crebra)","authors":"Marcel Sendanyoye","doi":"10.29328/JOURNAL.JPSP.1001023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/JOURNAL.JPSP.1001023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93470,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant science and phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44297071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in research of the structural gene characteristics of the aflatoxin biosynthetic gene cluster","authors":"Li Qi-zhang, He Zhu-mei","doi":"10.29328/JOURNAL.JPSP.1001022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/JOURNAL.JPSP.1001022","url":null,"abstract":"Afl atoxins, produced by Aspergillus spp., are strongly toxic and carcinogenic fungal secondary metabolites. Afl atoxin biosynthesis is a complex process and involves at least 30 genes clustered within an approximately 75 kB gene cluster. In this paper, we reviewed current status of the researches on the characterized structural genes involved in afl atoxin biosynthesis and their roles in afl atoxin-producing fungi, especially in A. fl avus and A. parasiticus, which will improve our understanding of the mechanism of afl atoxin biosynthesis and regulation and provide reference for further study. Mini Review Advances in research of the structural gene characteristics of the afl atoxin biosynthetic gene cluster Qi-Zhang Li and Zhu-Mei He* Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China *Address for Correspondence: Prof. Zhu-Mei He, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China, People’s Republic of China, Tel.: +86 20 84113065; Fax: +86 20 84036551; E-mail: lsshezm@mail.sysu.edu.cn Submitted: 22 October 2018 Approved: 30 October 2018 Published: 31 October 2018 Copyright: © 2018 Li Q, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited","PeriodicalId":93470,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant science and phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49162002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Khaya Senegalensis Bark and Oil on Post-Harvest Fungal Agents of Groundnut Seeds Rot in Adamawa State, Nigeria","authors":"Channya Fk, P. Asama, Anjili Sm","doi":"10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001035","url":null,"abstract":"The production of this crop is facing a major constraint which causes losses of healthy seeds, this is as a result of the activities of fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, insects and parasitic weeds [3]. However, fungi can be rated as the most harmful microorganism [2]. Several fungi were isolated from peanut pods, shells and seeds. These fungi are Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus lavus, Alternaria dianthicola, Curvularia lunata, Curvularia pellescens, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium equiseti, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium chrysogenum [4,5]. Their activities can cause discoloration, rotting, shrinking, seed necrosis, loss in germination capacity and toxi ication to oilseeds. Al-Amod, [2] reported that the activities of fungi growing on stored groundnut seeds can reduce the germination rate beside the loss of carbohydrate, protein and total oil content, induce increased moisture content, free fatty acid content and enhancing other biochemical changes. Fungi continue to represent a major human health risk throughout the world and particularly in the humid tropics being major spoilage agents of food crops [6].","PeriodicalId":93470,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant science and phytopathology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41890201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}