Alain Daou, E. Karuranga, F. Thiam, Sehl Mellouli, D. Poulin
Governments are providing their citizens with more and more electronic services. Relatively little, however, is known about how these services are appropriated by citizens in outlying regions. In this paper, we analyze the factors that influence such appropriation in order to improve the relationship between citizens in outlying regions and e-government service providers. We focus on adoption of online e-government services through an innovative "bottom-up" approach. This paper goes beyond the usual limiting factors and builds upon the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. We describe how these services are perceived by public and parapublic organizations in order to offer solutions designed for outlying regions. Indeed, several social, economic, demographic, and psychological factors need to be taken into account for development of online services. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
{"title":"Appropriation of online services by citizens: innovating through a \"bottom-up\" approach","authors":"Alain Daou, E. Karuranga, F. Thiam, Sehl Mellouli, D. Poulin","doi":"10.1145/2307729.2307741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2307729.2307741","url":null,"abstract":"Governments are providing their citizens with more and more electronic services. Relatively little, however, is known about how these services are appropriated by citizens in outlying regions. In this paper, we analyze the factors that influence such appropriation in order to improve the relationship between citizens in outlying regions and e-government service providers. We focus on adoption of online e-government services through an innovative \"bottom-up\" approach. This paper goes beyond the usual limiting factors and builds upon the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. We describe how these services are perceived by public and parapublic organizations in order to offer solutions designed for outlying regions. Indeed, several social, economic, demographic, and psychological factors need to be taken into account for development of online services. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":93488,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Digital Government Research. International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72679736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E-government has promised to deliver government services faster and with greater efficiency and transparency, reduce costs, engage the public as government partners, and serve as a democratizing agent. But rather than leverage e-government to examine the assumptions and presumptions that are part of the existing manual processes to deliver services to the poor, those processes have been automated without deep consideration of the recipients' needs and barriers to access, privacy or civil rights, or building in solid data points to measure their effectiveness. This paper examines the legislative framework that supports the most common public assistance programs and other e-government policies that have indirectly impacted the poor. It identifies several successes in easing living in poverty and suggests several points in the legislation that could help bring the poor to fuller engagement and reduce invisibility within the government.
{"title":"e-government legislation meets the poverty threshold: issues for the economically disadvantaged","authors":"S. C. Wilson","doi":"10.1145/2307729.2307742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2307729.2307742","url":null,"abstract":"E-government has promised to deliver government services faster and with greater efficiency and transparency, reduce costs, engage the public as government partners, and serve as a democratizing agent. But rather than leverage e-government to examine the assumptions and presumptions that are part of the existing manual processes to deliver services to the poor, those processes have been automated without deep consideration of the recipients' needs and barriers to access, privacy or civil rights, or building in solid data points to measure their effectiveness. This paper examines the legislative framework that supports the most common public assistance programs and other e-government policies that have indirectly impacted the poor. It identifies several successes in easing living in poverty and suggests several points in the legislation that could help bring the poor to fuller engagement and reduce invisibility within the government.","PeriodicalId":93488,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Digital Government Research. International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77462135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of e-democracy, although relatively new has received enormous attention in research especially with the global proliferation of information and communication technologies (ICT). Understanding such an emerging field of research with poorly defined boundaries, and constantly in the state of definition, redefinition, and evolution, is a crucial endeavor. We therefore seek to conduct a review of 158 articles of e-democracy published research, analyzing the progress in the research subject and reviewing the current trend and directions of the research. A grounded analysis of the selected articles led to the identification of critical knowledge gaps, recurring themes, and a roadmap that indicates the current state of e-democracy for development research. This will guide researchers and practitioners in this emerging field of study.
{"title":"The trend of e-democracy research: summary evidence and implications","authors":"Abinwi C. Nchise","doi":"10.1145/2307729.2307756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2307729.2307756","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of e-democracy, although relatively new has received enormous attention in research especially with the global proliferation of information and communication technologies (ICT). Understanding such an emerging field of research with poorly defined boundaries, and constantly in the state of definition, redefinition, and evolution, is a crucial endeavor. We therefore seek to conduct a review of 158 articles of e-democracy published research, analyzing the progress in the research subject and reviewing the current trend and directions of the research. A grounded analysis of the selected articles led to the identification of critical knowledge gaps, recurring themes, and a roadmap that indicates the current state of e-democracy for development research. This will guide researchers and practitioners in this emerging field of study.","PeriodicalId":93488,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Digital Government Research. International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79809726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Bertot, P. Jaeger, Ursula Gorham, Natalie N. Greene, R. Lincoln
Due to an increasing reliance on public libraries to deliver government services online, coupled with decreasing funding for public services, many public libraries have begun to collaborate with local government agencies and community organizations to provide vital services to their communities. Drawing upon findings made through an extensive literature review, site visits at a number of public libraries across the country, and interviews with state library staff, government officials, and community organization leaders, this paper highlights the e-government service roles of public libraries, the innovative partnerships between community groups, government agencies, and public libraries in the realm of e-government, and the impacts of these services and partnerships on communities.
{"title":"Delivering e-government services through innovative partnerships: public libraries, government agencies, and community organizations","authors":"J. Bertot, P. Jaeger, Ursula Gorham, Natalie N. Greene, R. Lincoln","doi":"10.1145/2307729.2307750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2307729.2307750","url":null,"abstract":"Due to an increasing reliance on public libraries to deliver government services online, coupled with decreasing funding for public services, many public libraries have begun to collaborate with local government agencies and community organizations to provide vital services to their communities. Drawing upon findings made through an extensive literature review, site visits at a number of public libraries across the country, and interviews with state library staff, government officials, and community organization leaders, this paper highlights the e-government service roles of public libraries, the innovative partnerships between community groups, government agencies, and public libraries in the realm of e-government, and the impacts of these services and partnerships on communities.","PeriodicalId":93488,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Digital Government Research. International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83896428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article seeks to determine whether and to what extent the working level has changed with the introduction of one stop government, what role IT plays in this change, and which new skills or competencies are required for so called street-level bureaucrats. This article presents first results of an ongoing research project of the German Institute for E-Government (IfG.CC), in cooperation with DHV Speyer.
{"title":"Rethinking e-government from below: new skills for the working level?","authors":"Hermann Hill, Tino Schuppan, Katrin Walter","doi":"10.1145/2307729.2307777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2307729.2307777","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to determine whether and to what extent the working level has changed with the introduction of one stop government, what role IT plays in this change, and which new skills or competencies are required for so called street-level bureaucrats.\u0000 This article presents first results of an ongoing research project of the German Institute for E-Government (IfG.CC), in cooperation with DHV Speyer.","PeriodicalId":93488,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Digital Government Research. International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88204519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Following decades of disappointing results, the international community has moved towards a more systematic, coherent, and strategic approach to aid delivery. This paper demonstrates the vital role of information in advancing the principles of aid effectiveness that are guiding these efforts, suggesting much scope for the application of information and communication technologies (ICT). Accordingly, the author explores the emerging toolset of the "Open Development" movement---namely, open data, open standards, and web 2.0 interactivity---and evaluates the extent to which they have---and can---contribute to the aid effectiveness agenda. The author concludes that the Open Development toolbox has made significant contributions, but that much of its potential remains unexplored. In particular, the author finds that the use of ICT remains largely focused on supporting reporting functions, overlooking the wide opportunity to employ ICT to improve the effectiveness of strategic planning and aid management.
{"title":"How can open development improve the effectiveness of aid?: leveraging open data, open standards, and web 2.0 interactivity for better development outcomes","authors":"Dennis Linders","doi":"10.1145/2307729.2307754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2307729.2307754","url":null,"abstract":"Following decades of disappointing results, the international community has moved towards a more systematic, coherent, and strategic approach to aid delivery. This paper demonstrates the vital role of information in advancing the principles of aid effectiveness that are guiding these efforts, suggesting much scope for the application of information and communication technologies (ICT). Accordingly, the author explores the emerging toolset of the \"Open Development\" movement---namely, open data, open standards, and web 2.0 interactivity---and evaluates the extent to which they have---and can---contribute to the aid effectiveness agenda. The author concludes that the Open Development toolbox has made significant contributions, but that much of its potential remains unexplored. In particular, the author finds that the use of ICT remains largely focused on supporting reporting functions, overlooking the wide opportunity to employ ICT to improve the effectiveness of strategic planning and aid management.","PeriodicalId":93488,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Digital Government Research. International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83222356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collaborative networks comprising both public and private organisations are seen as the contemporary form of organising public action. However, in these networks, public organisations and private organisations bring in different approaches to their operations and interactions with other parties. These different approaches provide different and sometimes competing directions for the coordination of public-private collaborations. In this paper, we discuss the background of public-private collaboration and conduct an explorative case study in which innovation in data sharing between multiple stakeholders in global trade networks leads to issues in the functionality on the boundary between public and private data. A shift in boundaries and a higher dependence on other actors is the result of a digital infrastructure innovation with both public and private components. We found that hierarchical and market governance modes are both present and offer competing directions for operating on the public-private boundary. The case study results show the need for a public-private governance approach to deal with the issues that arise at the boundary between the two sectors. A major issue there is how public or community services that are provided by a private party can be upheld while at the same time providing a revenue model for the businesses involved.
{"title":"Blurring public-private boundaries: governance of information sharing in global trade networks","authors":"B. Klievink, M. Janssen, Yao-Hua Tan","doi":"10.1145/2307729.2307758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2307729.2307758","url":null,"abstract":"Collaborative networks comprising both public and private organisations are seen as the contemporary form of organising public action. However, in these networks, public organisations and private organisations bring in different approaches to their operations and interactions with other parties. These different approaches provide different and sometimes competing directions for the coordination of public-private collaborations. In this paper, we discuss the background of public-private collaboration and conduct an explorative case study in which innovation in data sharing between multiple stakeholders in global trade networks leads to issues in the functionality on the boundary between public and private data. A shift in boundaries and a higher dependence on other actors is the result of a digital infrastructure innovation with both public and private components. We found that hierarchical and market governance modes are both present and offer competing directions for operating on the public-private boundary. The case study results show the need for a public-private governance approach to deal with the issues that arise at the boundary between the two sectors. A major issue there is how public or community services that are provided by a private party can be upheld while at the same time providing a revenue model for the businesses involved.","PeriodicalId":93488,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Digital Government Research. International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87378966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to explore the factors influencing e-Governance in Pakistan and the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) by providing a snapshot of various e-Governance projects in Balochistan. This 'snapshot' includes both perceptions of e-Governance and the status of many varied initiatives. The paper is based on interviews, focus groups and surveys collected by the author to analyze the future of e-Governance projects at provincial and district level in Balochistan, Pakistan. During the fieldwork, 45 public officials were surveyed in order to learn about their perception of e-Governance projects. The surveys were also supplemented by interviews. The results suggest that government officials in Pakistan are willing to use ICT for their day to day work, but they find that use difficult due to a lack of IT skills, scarce resources and lack of capacity building.
{"title":"Factors influencing e-Governance in Pakistan: case study of e-Governance projects in Balochistan","authors":"M. Arfeen, N. Khan","doi":"10.1145/2307729.2307760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2307729.2307760","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to explore the factors influencing e-Governance in Pakistan and the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) by providing a snapshot of various e-Governance projects in Balochistan. This 'snapshot' includes both perceptions of e-Governance and the status of many varied initiatives. The paper is based on interviews, focus groups and surveys collected by the author to analyze the future of e-Governance projects at provincial and district level in Balochistan, Pakistan. During the fieldwork, 45 public officials were surveyed in order to learn about their perception of e-Governance projects. The surveys were also supplemented by interviews.\u0000 The results suggest that government officials in Pakistan are willing to use ICT for their day to day work, but they find that use difficult due to a lack of IT skills, scarce resources and lack of capacity building.","PeriodicalId":93488,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Digital Government Research. International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90387056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For a long time, governments have promoted initiatives to make a great diversity of information available in order to enhance productivity, effectiveness and strategic decision-making. Today, a revitalized wave of open access to data has focused on making government activities more transparent, participatory and collaborative; together, these activities represent "open government." Some open data initiatives are intensively supported by the use of flexible and powerful information technologies and various analytical methods. This paper argues that there is a new window of opportunity to combine emergent information technologies, sophisticated analytical methods, and a great diversity of datasets in order to improve government capabilities and make better decisions. However, this strategy, which we are now calling IT-enabled policy analysis, would require adequate governance models, individuals with analytical skills, the availability of adequate data, and sophisticated information technologies. The potential benefits of creating organizations with powerful analytical capabilities within governments, universities, and non-government organizations are numerous and the impact on society could be great. However, there are also some important political, organizational, and technical challenges.
{"title":"IT-enabled policy analysis: new technologies, sophisticated analysis and open data for better government decisions","authors":"G. Cid, J. Ramon Gil-Garcia, L. Luna-Reyes","doi":"10.1145/2307729.2307746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2307729.2307746","url":null,"abstract":"For a long time, governments have promoted initiatives to make a great diversity of information available in order to enhance productivity, effectiveness and strategic decision-making. Today, a revitalized wave of open access to data has focused on making government activities more transparent, participatory and collaborative; together, these activities represent \"open government.\" Some open data initiatives are intensively supported by the use of flexible and powerful information technologies and various analytical methods. This paper argues that there is a new window of opportunity to combine emergent information technologies, sophisticated analytical methods, and a great diversity of datasets in order to improve government capabilities and make better decisions. However, this strategy, which we are now calling IT-enabled policy analysis, would require adequate governance models, individuals with analytical skills, the availability of adequate data, and sophisticated information technologies. The potential benefits of creating organizations with powerful analytical capabilities within governments, universities, and non-government organizations are numerous and the impact on society could be great. However, there are also some important political, organizational, and technical challenges.","PeriodicalId":93488,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Digital Government Research. International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77861222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The first official order of business carried out by US President Obama in 2008 was presenting a memorandum entitled the Open Government Initiative. The three pillars of transparency, participation and collaboration form the foundation for the initiative. Our study analyzed the use of social media as one of the means being employed to achieve these goals by conducting a case-study of one government agency, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). While most of the agencies who are officially participating in the Initiative provide links to some sort of social media on their homepages, we question whether this actually results in increased transparency, participation and collaboration. We used a mixed-methods approach based in grounded theory, content analysis and discourse analysis. Early findings suggest that although the USDA is explicitly mentioned in the tweets there is no clear evidence of discourse, in the sense of exchange of tweets between the USDA and other Twitterers. This is assuming that anyone who may post from the USDA would do so overtly via the auspices of the organization and not as an individual with a unique user name. Our research indicates that traditional definitions of these terms may need to be expanded to account for the types of interactions occurring via social media. In this paper, we report on our research plan and initial observations.
{"title":"Transparency, participation, cooperation: a case study evaluating Twitter as a social media interaction tool in the US open government initiative","authors":"Kristene Unsworth, Adam Townes","doi":"10.1145/2307729.2307745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2307729.2307745","url":null,"abstract":"The first official order of business carried out by US President Obama in 2008 was presenting a memorandum entitled the Open Government Initiative. The three pillars of transparency, participation and collaboration form the foundation for the initiative. Our study analyzed the use of social media as one of the means being employed to achieve these goals by conducting a case-study of one government agency, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). While most of the agencies who are officially participating in the Initiative provide links to some sort of social media on their homepages, we question whether this actually results in increased transparency, participation and collaboration. We used a mixed-methods approach based in grounded theory, content analysis and discourse analysis. Early findings suggest that although the USDA is explicitly mentioned in the tweets there is no clear evidence of discourse, in the sense of exchange of tweets between the USDA and other Twitterers. This is assuming that anyone who may post from the USDA would do so overtly via the auspices of the organization and not as an individual with a unique user name. Our research indicates that traditional definitions of these terms may need to be expanded to account for the types of interactions occurring via social media. In this paper, we report on our research plan and initial observations.","PeriodicalId":93488,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Digital Government Research. International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76851956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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