Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique最新文献

Snakebite envenomation (SBE) is a public health issue in Africa, unfortunately neglected and underestimated. SBE is a medical emergency that can be devastating and lifethreatening. A retrospective study was performed from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016 in the general medicine department of the Regional Hospital Center (CHR), Sokodé. We included 91 SBE accounting for 5.7% of the whole hospitalizations in the general medicine department at the CHR of Sokodé. The median age of the patients was 34 [23.5-42] with male predominance (59%). Farming activities (75%) and walking (24%) were the most frequent activities when SBE happened, and they occurred mostly in rural areas (80%) during the dry season (56%). Echis genus (37%) belonging to the Viperidae family was the king of snake most often identified. Hospital admission time after a bite often exceeded 24 hours (44%). Clinical manifestations resulted in 76 cases of viper syndrome (83%) and 7 cases of dry bites (8%). Antivenom was administered in 84 cases (92%) within 12 hours (54%) after the bite with a minimum dose of 20 mL (43%). Observed complications were severe anemia (19 cases) and diffuse hemorrhage (32 cases). Case fatality rate was 9%. Antivenom is critical in cases of obvious SBE. High cost and poor access of antivenom, in addition to delayed care due to traditional treatment seeking behavior, are factors of poor prognosis.

In Sibut (CAR), the increase in bites by stray dogs and two cases of human rabies alerted health authorities in 2019. The answers were the vaccinations of humans and of dog (780 dogs). Among the 127 humans bitten and identified, 87% received a first injection of post-exposure prophylaxis. The drop-out between the first and third doses was 41%. Communication on rabies and the provision of vaccines and serums to the population are necessary, but difficult to achieve in the crisis conditions of the country.

To determine the dynamics of dissemination of the different forms of enteric sporozoa in the groundwater of Mbankomo, a study was carried out from August 2018 to July 2019. The physico-chemical analyzes were carried out both in the field and in the hydrobiology and environment laboratory of the University of Yaoundé I. The observation of protozoan oocysts was carried out after application of the Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Physico-chemical analysis showed slightly acidic water (6.32 ± 0.43 UC), with high turbidity (31.30 ± 23.56 mg/l). Biological analysis indicated the presence of protozoan oocysts with an average density of 42 ± 69 oocysts/l of Cryptosporidium spp., 17 ± 34 oocysts/l of Cyclospora cayetanensis, 9 ± 19 oocysts/l of Isospora belli and 6 ± 11 oocysts/l of Sarcocystis spp. The highest concentrations of oocysts were recorded during the rainy season. Statistical tests showed a positive correlation between the densities of oocysts with suspended matters (P < 0.05).

The sustained worldwide use of the two available types of polio vaccines has significantly reduced the incidence of this disease. Our main objective is to report a 11-year monitoring period for acute flaccid paralysis secondary to poliovirus in Guinea. It was a retrospective descriptive study for all cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in which poliovirus was isolated by stool examination. During 11 years, 768 cases of AFP, including 8 cases of acute anterior poliomyelitis were collected at a frequency of 1%. The average age was 3.5 years with extremes of 1 year and 6 years, the most represented age group was 0-4 years with 7 cases. Six mothers were housewives doing gold panning as a revenue generating activity. The vaccine virus (serotype 2) was the most isolated with 6 cases.