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Quantitative Inventory of Mosquito Larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) and Physicochemical Analysis of Aquatic Habitats in the Region of Fez, Morocco. 摩洛哥非斯地区蚊幼虫(双翅目:库蚊科)数量调查及水生生境理化分析。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2019-02-28 DOI: 10.3166/bspe-2019-0084
T. F. Mouatassem, C. Faraj, Raja Guemmouh, N. Rais, A. E. Lalami
Mosquitoes occupy a major health problem, as a potential vector for the transmission of many pathogens, the most important of which in Morocco are Plasmodium parasites and West Nile fever virus. Acquiring knowledge about the biotypology of these mosquitoes is an essential step in any control strategy. Thus, the objective of this study is to draw up an inventory of the culicidian fauna in the Fez region (North-central part of Morocco) and to determine the physicochemical parameters influencing the production of mosquito larvae of aquatic habitats in this area. Mosquito larvae of the extant biotopes were sampled every two months between November 2015 and December 2016, by means of the "dipping" method. The physicochemical parameters of the various larval biotopes were collected six times during the year of follow-up. Mosquito species were identified using morphological criteria. The results were analyzed using ecological indices and the generalized linear model (Poisson model) on R software. The identification of the 1,122 mosquito larvae collected from the various studied breeding areas revealed the presence of 11 species belonging to two subfamilies (Culicinae and Anophelinae) and five genera (Anopheles, Culex, Culiseta, Aedes, and Uranotaenia). Anopheles were observed in small numbers in permanent, stagnant, and shallow habitats. The larvae of An. maculipennis s. l. (major vector of malaria in Morocco) were collected. Culex larvae, especially Cx. pipiens (the main vector of WNV in Morocco), were collected in the majority of the larval habitats and on the different types of environments. Two other species of Culex, which plays a significant role in the transmission of WNV, were also collected, particularly, Cx. perexiguus and Cx. theileri. The results found, via this first study of its kind at the regional level, also made it possible to update the list of Culicidae species reported in the Fez region. Four new species have been recorded: Aedes flavescens, Uranotaenia unguiculata, Culiseta longiareolata, and Culex perexiguus. The results of this study will contribute to the provision of information for entomological surveillance and to better plan and guide vector control activities at local and national levels.
蚊子是一个主要的卫生问题,因为它是许多病原体传播的潜在媒介,其中在摩洛哥最重要的是疟原虫和西尼罗热病毒。掌握这些蚊子的生物类型学知识是任何控制策略的必要步骤。因此,本研究的目的是编制非斯地区(摩洛哥中北部)库蚊动物群的清单,并确定影响该地区水生生境蚊子幼虫生产的理化参数。2015年11月至2016年12月,采用“浸采”法每2个月取样一次现存生物群落的蚊幼虫。在随访期间共采集了6次各幼虫生物群落的理化参数。利用形态学标准对蚊种进行鉴定。利用生态指数和广义线性模型(泊松模型)在R软件上对结果进行分析。从不同孳生区采集的1122只蚊幼虫鉴定结果显示,共有11种,隶属于库蚊科和按蚊科2个亚科和5个属(按蚊、库蚊、库蚊、伊蚊和乌诺带蚊)。在永久、停滞和浅水生境中观察到少量按蚊。安的幼虫。采集了摩洛哥主要疟疾病媒maculpennis s.l。库蚊幼虫,尤指库蚊。在大多数幼虫栖息地和不同类型的环境中收集了库蚊(摩洛哥西尼罗河病毒的主要媒介)。在西尼罗河病毒传播中起重要作用的另外两种库蚊也被采集到,特别是Cx。perexiguus和Cx。theileri。本研究首次在区域层面上对库蚊科进行了研究,为更新非斯地区库蚊科物种名录提供了可能。新增黄伊蚊、有甲乌带伊蚊、长尾库蚊、超尾库蚊4种。这项研究的结果将有助于为昆虫学监测提供信息,并更好地规划和指导地方和国家一级的病媒控制活动。
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引用次数: 4
[Dynamic Abundance of Oocysts in the Mezam Watershed in Bamenda (Northwest Region, Cameroon)]. [喀麦隆巴门达(西北地区)Mezam流域卵囊动态丰度]。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2019-02-28 DOI: 10.3166/bspe-2019-0079
M. Mbouombouo, G. Ajeagah, J. Ndjama, I. Tchakala, B. Gnon, D. Enah, Gertrude Estelle Yogback
In order to evaluate the abundance of oocysts in the Mezam watershed in Bamenda, Northwest Region of Cameroon, a study was carried out from January to June 2017. Samples were collected monthly from 13 stations within the watershed. The direct concentration method and the Ziehl-Neelsen technique were employed in the identification of these parasites. The physicochemical analysis showed that the water samples had a neutral pH (7.46±0.46), lowly mineralized (165.61±110.02μS/cm), moderately oxygenated (60.64 ± 17, 25%), present moderate organic pollution (2.85±2.49mg/l KMnO4). KMnO4) and low levels of orthophosphate (1.8±1.88 mg/l PO43-) and nitrates (2.47±5.06 mg/l NO3-). Biological analysis revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. (143.98±203.35 oocysts/l), Isospora belli (88.47 ± 123.19 oocysts/l), Cyclospora cayetanensis (141.31±143.19 oocysts/l) and Sarcocystis hominis (76 ± 111.04 oocysts/l). The highest densities of these parasites were recorded at the Mufueh stream, situated in the periurban area. Meanwhile, the lowest densities were found in the urban area (Formuki, Mankon, Ayaba and Mezam streams). The dry season showed higher densities of oocysts (471.42±216.32 oocysts /l). Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation (P ≤ 0.05) between the density of the organisms and the physico-chemical parameters such as pH, oxidability, dissolved oxygen and nitrates. Respecting basic hygienic rules as well as treating water before use would reduce the risk of contamination of the population.
为了评估喀麦隆西北地区巴门达Mezam流域卵囊的丰度,2017年1月至6月进行了一项研究。每月从流域内的13个站点采集样本。采用直接浓缩法和Ziehl-Neelsen技术鉴定。理化分析结果表明,水样pH为中性(7.46±0.46),矿化程度较低(165.61±110.02μS/cm),含氧程度中等(60.64±17.25%),有机污染程度中等(2.85±2.49mg/l KMnO4)。低水平的正磷酸盐(1.8±1.88 mg/l PO43-)和硝酸盐(2.47±5.06 mg/l NO3-)。生物学检出隐孢子虫(143.98±203.35个卵囊/l)、belli等孢子虫(88.47±123.19个卵囊/l)、cayetancyclospora(141.31±143.19个卵囊/l)和人肉囊虫(76±111.04个卵囊/l)。这些寄生虫的最高密度记录在位于城郊地区的Mufueh河。与此同时,城市地区(福穆基、曼昆、阿雅巴和梅扎姆河)的密度最低。枯水期卵囊密度较高(471.42±216.32个/l);统计分析表明,微生物密度与pH、氧化性、溶解氧、硝酸盐等理化参数呈显著相关(P≤0.05)。尊重基本的卫生规则,并在使用前对水进行处理,将减少人口受到污染的风险。
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引用次数: 3
Annonce à l’enfant et à l’adolescent de son statut VIH en Afrique francophone centrale et de l’Ouest 向西非和中非法语国家的儿童和青少年宣布他们的艾滋病毒状况
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2019-02-28 DOI: 10.3166/bspe-2018-0063
Dl Dahourou
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引用次数: 4
[Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis among Pregnant Women in Benin: Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression]. [贝宁孕妇弓形虫病血清患病率:荟萃分析和荟萃回归]。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2019-02-28 DOI: 10.3166/bspe-2019-0078
A. Tonouhewa, R. Amagbégnon, S. P. Atchade, A. Hamidović, A. Mercier, M. Dambrun, F. Migot-Nabias, Y. S. D. Tove, H. Sahibi, M. Laboudi, S. Sahidou, M. Dardé, D. Kindé-Gazard, S. Farougou
To assess the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in Benin, we conducted a meta-analysis using the PRISMA criteria. Al research published between 1990 and 2018 on toxoplasmosis among pregnant women Benin were eligible. A total of five databases were investigated, and the extracted data were subjected to a meta-analysis under R 3.1 using both random effect model and fixed effect model. The overall prevalence of toxoplasma-specific IgG among pregnant women was 47% (CI 95%: 40-53) and that of specific IgM was 2% (CI 95%: 1-3). The infection rate in urban areas (52%) was significantly higher than in rural areas (33%). The two main risk factors identified by the various eligible studies were the age of the pregnant women and the consumption of raw vegetables. We show that toxoplasmosis is endemic in pregnant women in Benin, implying that primary prevention measures must be put in place by the competent authorities to control this infection.
为了评估贝宁孕妇弓形虫病的血清患病率,我们使用PRISMA标准进行了荟萃分析。1990年至2018年期间发表的关于贝宁孕妇弓形虫病的所有研究都符合条件。共调查了5个数据库,提取的数据在r3.1下采用随机效应模型和固定效应模型进行meta分析。孕妇中弓形虫特异性IgG的总体患病率为47% (CI 95%: 40-53),特异性IgM的总体患病率为2% (CI 95%: 1-3)。城市感染率(52%)明显高于农村感染率(33%)。各种合格研究确定的两个主要风险因素是孕妇的年龄和食用生蔬菜。我们表明,弓形虫病在贝宁孕妇中流行,这意味着主管当局必须采取初级预防措施来控制这种感染。
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引用次数: 5
High Frequency of Pfcrt-76T Allele in Plasmodium falciparum Isolates From Gabon and Ivory Coast After the Withdrawal of Chloroquine. 停用氯喹后加蓬和科特迪瓦恶性疟原虫分离株Pfcrt-76T等位基因的高频率分析
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.3166/bspe-2019-0074
J M Ndong Ngomo, M Amiah Ahou, W Yavo, M Karine Bouyou-Akotet, D P Mawili-Mboumba

The aim of this study was to assess the proportion of Pfcrt-76T mutant allele four years after the adoption of new malaria control guidelines in Gabon and Ivory Coast. Frequency of K76T mutation of Pfcrt gene was compared between Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Gabon and Ivory Coast. Samples were collected in 2008 in Gabon and in 2009 in Ivory Coast. In total, 151 isolates were selected and analysed by nested-PCR-RFLP for Pfcrt-76 allele identification: 63 in Abobo (Ivory Coast) and 78 in Oyem (Gabon). The proportion of Pfcrt-76T mutant allele was higher in Oyem (70%) compared to Abobo (46%) (p=0.005). This allele was more frequently detected in patients less than 5 years old in Oyem (75 %) compared to Abobo (52%) (p<0.01). The present work showed different prevalence of Pfcrt-76T allele between both sites probably due to a different drug pressure on P. falciparum strains circulating in these areas. Moreover, a decrease of the mutation frequency is observed compared to data obtained in 2005. Therefore, a continuous monitoring of this allele and other drug resistance molecular markers is required in these countries.

本研究的目的是在加蓬和科特迪瓦采用新的疟疾控制指南四年后评估Pfcrt-76T突变等位基因的比例。比较了加蓬和科特迪瓦恶性疟原虫分离株Pfcrt基因K76T突变频率。2008年在加蓬和2009年在科特迪瓦采集了样本。通过巢式pcr - rflp对151株分离株进行Pfcrt-76等位基因鉴定,其中63株来自科特迪瓦的Abobo, 78株来自加蓬的Oyem。Pfcrt-76T突变等位基因比例在Oyem(70%)高于Abobo (46%) (p=0.005)。该等位基因在Oyem(75%)和Abobo(52%) 5岁以下患者中检出的频率更高(两个位点之间的pPfcrt-76T等位基因可能是由于在这些地区流行的恶性疟原虫毒株的药物压力不同)。此外,与2005年获得的数据相比,观察到突变频率下降。因此,这些国家需要持续监测该等位基因和其他耐药分子标记。
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引用次数: 0
Réponse à la Lettre à la rédaction « Tisane magique ou bouillon de onze heures ? ». 回复给编辑的信“神奇的花草茶还是十一小时的汤?”»。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.3166/bspe-2019-0071
J-F Pays
Il n’est jamais trop tard pour bien faire et on ne peut que se féliciter de la prise de position de l’Académie de médecine sur un sujet sur lequel le Bulletin de la SPE attirait l’attention dès 2010 et récidivait en 2018 dans un éditorial exposant les résultats d’une expérience ayant induit très rapidement et très facilement chez des souris humanisées une résistance croisée de haut niveau quinine-artémisine par l’utilisation d’artésunate en monothérapie à des doses infra thérapeutiques de l’ordre de celles utilisées dans le traitement du paludisme par des tisanes d’Artemisia annua. Bien qu’annoncé dans la chapeau du communiqué de l’Académie de médecine, il n’est rien dit dans ce communiqué sur Artemisia afra, une autre espèce d’armoise qui ne contient pas d’artémisinine et dont l’utilisation en tisane contre le paludisme pose donc un problème différent, mais qui risque de devenir tout aussi important que celui lié à l’utilisation d’Artemisia annua. Les recommandations de ne pas utiliser l’artésunate par voie orale et l’artémisine en tisane sont des vœux pieux. Ce jour, 6 mars 2019, plus de cent sites vendent de l’artémisinine sous toutes ses formes, dont une bonne trentaine de produits uniquement sur Amazon. Il en va de même pour les graines d’Artemisia annua. Pourquoi ne pas considérer que l’encouragement à utiliser l’artémisinine en monothérapie orale et la tisane d’artémisinine en prévention et traitement du paludisme – et même dans toute autre indication en zone d’endémie comme celles de la bilharziose, du cancer et maintenant de la maladie de Lyme – relève de la mise en danger de la vie d’autrui ?
{"title":"Réponse à la Lettre à la rédaction « Tisane magique ou bouillon de onze heures ? ».","authors":"J-F Pays","doi":"10.3166/bspe-2019-0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3166/bspe-2019-0071","url":null,"abstract":"Il n’est jamais trop tard pour bien faire et on ne peut que se féliciter de la prise de position de l’Académie de médecine sur un sujet sur lequel le Bulletin de la SPE attirait l’attention dès 2010 et récidivait en 2018 dans un éditorial exposant les résultats d’une expérience ayant induit très rapidement et très facilement chez des souris humanisées une résistance croisée de haut niveau quinine-artémisine par l’utilisation d’artésunate en monothérapie à des doses infra thérapeutiques de l’ordre de celles utilisées dans le traitement du paludisme par des tisanes d’Artemisia annua. Bien qu’annoncé dans la chapeau du communiqué de l’Académie de médecine, il n’est rien dit dans ce communiqué sur Artemisia afra, une autre espèce d’armoise qui ne contient pas d’artémisinine et dont l’utilisation en tisane contre le paludisme pose donc un problème différent, mais qui risque de devenir tout aussi important que celui lié à l’utilisation d’Artemisia annua. Les recommandations de ne pas utiliser l’artésunate par voie orale et l’artémisine en tisane sont des vœux pieux. Ce jour, 6 mars 2019, plus de cent sites vendent de l’artémisinine sous toutes ses formes, dont une bonne trentaine de produits uniquement sur Amazon. Il en va de même pour les graines d’Artemisia annua. Pourquoi ne pas considérer que l’encouragement à utiliser l’artémisinine en monothérapie orale et la tisane d’artémisinine en prévention et traitement du paludisme – et même dans toute autre indication en zone d’endémie comme celles de la bilharziose, du cancer et maintenant de la maladie de Lyme – relève de la mise en danger de la vie d’autrui ?","PeriodicalId":9353,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique","volume":"112 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37076660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
[Tribute to Professor Guy Charmot - President of the SPE from 1982 to 1986]. [向1982年至1986年SPE主席Guy Charmot教授致敬]。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.3166/bspe-2019-0066
P Saliou
{"title":"[Tribute to Professor Guy Charmot - President of the SPE from 1982 to 1986].","authors":"P Saliou","doi":"10.3166/bspe-2019-0066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3166/bspe-2019-0066","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9353,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique","volume":"112 1","pages":"47-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37076661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Hookworm-related folliculitis in a woman performing skin bleaching in Benin]. [贝宁一名进行皮肤漂白的妇女的钩虫相关毛囊炎]。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.3166/bspe-2019-0099
B Dégboé, C Koudoukpo, N Elégbédé, N Agbéssi, A Habib, C d'Almeïda, P Ngolo, F Akpadjan, H Adégbidi, F Atadokpèdé

Hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans is caused by the subcutaneous migration of hookworm larvae. The characteristic sign is a serpiginous cutaneous track. Folliculitis is an uncommon clinical manifestation. We report a case of hookworm-related folliculitis in a woman performing skin bleaching. A 33-year-old woman presented with a widespread cutaneous eruption made of erythematous and itchy follicular papulo-nodules, with erythematous serpiginous tracks, about 5-10cm long and numerous streaks of scratching, located on the limbs, buttocks and trunk. The cutaneous lesions occurred two days after contact with the floor of a warehouse contamined by faeces of cats. The lesions have been evolving for a week and have been treated with antibiotics without success. Clinical examination found cutaneous atrophy, purple stretch marks and hyperpigmentation of dorsal parts of fingers joints. The patient reported having been using bleaching cosmetics containing topical steroids and hydroquinone for twelve years. She was cured within 4 weeks with oral albendazole 400mg per day during 7 consecutive days.

钩虫相关的皮肤幼虫迁移是由钩虫幼虫的皮下迁移引起的。特征性征象为蛇形皮径。毛囊炎是一种少见的临床表现。我们报告一例钩虫相关毛囊炎在妇女执行皮肤漂白。33岁女性,四肢、臀部和躯干出现广泛的皮肤疹,表现为红斑和发痒的毛囊丘疹结节,伴蛇形红斑,长约5-10cm,伴大量抓痕。皮肤病变发生在接触被猫粪便污染的仓库地板两天后。病变已经发展了一个星期,已经用抗生素治疗,但没有成功。临床检查发现手指关节背部皮肤萎缩、紫色妊娠纹、色素沉着。患者报告使用含有局部类固醇和对苯二酚的漂白化妆品已有12年。连续7天口服阿苯达唑400mg / d, 4周内治愈。
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引用次数: 1
[Scientific Day of the Society of Exotic Pathology: Skin and Tropical Diseases November 21, 2019, Val-de-Grâce School, Paris]. [奇异病理学学会科学日:皮肤和热带病2019年11月21日,valde - grance学校,巴黎]。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.3166/bspe-2019-0100
P Gazin, P Marty, E Pichard, J Chandenier, J Jannin, Y Buisson
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引用次数: 0
[Onchocerciasis in Burkina Faso: a Re-Emerging Vector-Borne Endemic Disease]. [布基纳法索的盘尾丝虫病:一种重新出现的媒介传播的地方病]。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.3166/bspe-2020-0106
P M Sawadogo, C Bougouma, A Zida, J Compaoré, T K Guiguemdé, I Sangaré, D Kaboré, S Bamba, T R Guiguemdé

Burkina Faso, like other countries, reported a focal interruption of onchocerciasis transmission and was thus placed under post-therapeutic surveillance. However, the country seems to be experiencing a resurgence of the disease according to recent surveys at certain sentinel sites and data from various surveys. The aim of our study is to take stock of the evolution of the current epidemiological situation of onchocerciasis in Burkina Faso. For data collection, in addition to the scientific articles, we have used data from different epidemiological and entomological surveys conducted by the National Program for the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases (PNLMTN) through its onchocerciasis elimination unit in Burkina Faso. Prior to implementation of the Onchocerciasis Control Program in West Africa (OCP), Burkina Faso had onchocerciasis prevalence between 60% and 80%. In 2002, the maximum prevalence dropped to 15%. However, in 2010 and 2011, epidemiological surveys indicated that some villages in the Comoé River basin had prevalence rate ranging from 0.7% to 71%. Thirteen (13) villages had prevalence rates above the tolerable threshold of 5%. Despite the implementation of the community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) since 2011, recent surveys show a tendency for a recrudescence of the disease in some sites, yet covered by the TIDC. This suggests that the elimination of onchocerciasis requires the integration of new control strategies. Thus, an essential condition for the elimination of onchocerciasis is the analysis of the situation in each focus in order to define the most cost-effective strategy for permanently interrupting the transmission of the parasite. National onchocerciasis elimination committees put in place will play a key role in determining the best strategy.

与其他国家一样,布基纳法索报告了盘尾丝虫病传播的局部中断,因此被置于治疗后监测之下。然而,根据最近在某些哨点进行的调查和各种调查的数据,该国似乎正在经历该病的死灰复燃。我们研究的目的是评估布基纳法索盘尾丝虫病当前流行病学形势的演变。在数据收集方面,除了科学文章外,我们还使用了布基纳法索被忽视热带病控制国家规划(PNLMTN)通过其盘尾丝虫病消除单位开展的不同流行病学和昆虫学调查的数据。在西非实施盘尾丝虫病控制规划(OCP)之前,布基纳法索的盘尾丝虫病患病率在60%至80%之间。2002年,最高流行率降至15%。然而,2010年和2011年的流行病学调查表明,科摩河流域一些村庄的患病率在0.7%至71%之间。13个村庄的患病率高于5%的可容忍阈值。尽管自2011年以来实施了以伊维菌素为社区指导的治疗,但最近的调查显示,在一些被TIDC覆盖的地点,该病有复发的趋势。这表明,消灭盘尾丝虫病需要整合新的控制战略。因此,消灭盘尾丝虫病的一个必要条件是分析每个重点地区的情况,以便确定最具成本效益的战略,以永久阻断该寄生虫的传播。设立的国家消除盘尾丝虫病委员会将在确定最佳战略方面发挥关键作用。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique
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