Energy nexus最新文献

{"title":"Environmental and damage assessment of electric vehicles compared to internal combustion engine vehicles under various ambient temperature scenarios using the LCA approach","authors":"Mohammadali Allahrabbi Shirazi,&nbsp;Rahim Zahedi,&nbsp;Hossein Yousefi,&nbsp;Alireza Aslani","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assesses the environmental impacts of the energy consumption of electric vehicles (EVs) and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach considering four temperature scenarios. The aim is to compare the environmental performance of the energy consumption of both vehicle types under different climatic conditions and to identify the most sustainable option. The functional unit for this study was set at 100 km of distance. The results show that temperature significantly affects the environmental impacts of EVs and ICEVs. EVs operating at warmer temperatures (30 °C) showed lower environmental impacts compared to those operating at colder temperatures (-7 °C). The third EV scenario with renewable wind energy at 30 °C produced 90 % less CO₂ emissions than the third ICEV scenario at the same temperature (0.3318 kg CO_2eq per 100 km, compared to 3.3372 kg CO_2eq). In addition, EVs showed lower impacts in key categories such as human health, particulate matter formation and resource depletion. ICEV scenarios, especially at lower temperatures, showed higher greenhouse gas emissions and environmental loads. The findings suggest that electric vehicles, especially when powered by renewable energy sources and operated under optimal temperature conditions, offer significant environmental benefits over ICEVs. This study highlights the importance of considering temperature and energy sources when assessing the environmental performance of vehicles and provides valuable insights for future vehicle design and policymaking aimed at reducing the environmental impacts associated with transportation. Policy recommendations include optimizing charging infrastructure in cold regions and promoting EVs in warmer climates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100606"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rich enough to go green? A threshold regression analysis on the nonlinear effects of income on renewable energy demand","authors":"Swapnanil SenGupta ,&nbsp;Anshita Sachan","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We revisit whether the income-renewable energy nexus is nonlinear and regime-dependent, and complement the established U-shaped income-renewable energy relationship by determining threshold income values. Using a panel of up to 189 countries over 1990–2021, we estimate a dynamic panel threshold regression that accommodates endogeneity and lagged dependence. We identify statistically significant income thresholds of $13,726 (global), $43,000 (advanced economies, AEs), and $6588 (emerging markets and developing economies, EMDEs). Below the threshold, a 1% rise in income reduces renewable energy consumption by about 0.03% globally and 0.13% in EMDEs; above the threshold, the effect turns positive (about 0.16% globally and 0.01% in EMDEs). Thus, the Renewable Energy Kuznets Curve (RKC) is confirmed. For AEs, the association is positive on both sides and markedly stronger above the threshold. Thresholds and signs remain stable across five stress tests. The cut-offs stay within narrow bands (global $15,693-$17,189; AEs $38,522-$43,521; EMDEs $4989-$6412).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100598"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards collective intelligence in agriculture: Deep reinforcement learning and digital twins for efficient management of collective irrigation water distribution systems","authors":"Chouaib El Hachimi ,&nbsp;Salwa Belaqziz ,&nbsp;Saïd Khabba ,&nbsp;Hasan Karjoun ,&nbsp;Mohamed Hakim Kharrou ,&nbsp;Bouchra Ait Hssaine ,&nbsp;Salah Er-Raki ,&nbsp;Andre Daccache ,&nbsp;Abdelghani Chehbouni ,&nbsp;Qihao Weng","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing traditional Open-Channel Irrigation Systems (OCIS) is crucial for enhancing water sustainability and food security in water-scarce regions. OCIS remains widely used in many countries but receives less research attention in optimization studies compared to the rapid advancements in precision agriculture, which leverage new technologies such as artificial intelligence, remote sensing, drones, and the internet of things. Here, this study aims to optimize Water Use Efficiency (WUE) in the context of OCIS by proposing a framework for an adaptive spatiotemporal distribution of sowing dates. The framework consists of an intelligent agent interacting with a Digital Twin (DT). R3 district, an irrigated area within the Tensift basin in Morocco was used as a study site. Agrometeorological data from an automatic weather station installed in R3 district feeds the DT. This latter operates currently as a Digital Model with no bidirectional data integration, and comprises a module based on the AquaCrop model to simulate crop growth, development, and yield, and another module using graph theory to simulate the OCIS. The study evaluates genetic algorithms (GAs), an evolutionary optimization technique, versus a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) agent for recommending the adaptive spatiotemporal distribution of sowing dates. The objective function is formulated as a constrained maximization of a Lagrangian function representing WUE, subject to the constraints imposed by the OCIS. The DDPG agent was trained for 1000 epochs, while GA ran for 100 generations. Results showed that the DDPG agent effectively learned the environment's dynamics through interactions with the R3 DT, as evidenced by increasing trend in the reward signals. However, GAs showed prolonged stagnation at multiple plateaus suggesting that GAs were unable to escape suboptimal solutions. In terms of training time, GAs take the longest. Additionally, comparing a same-day sowing date scenario to the adaptive sowing dates scenario recommended by the DDPG agent revealed a 4.69% increase in the total crop yield with WUE of 1.95 while adhering to the hydraulic constraints of OCIS. This study marks a first step toward utilizing intelligent agents in critical areas such as irrigation water management. Future work will focus on enhancing the R3 DT to increase the agent's robustness, enabling it to generate reliable recommendations for real-world applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100599"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nature-inspired yield optimization of jojoba oil-based biolubricant production: A sustainable alternative to petroleum lubricants","authors":"Rajendra Uppar,&nbsp;Shiva Kumar,&nbsp;Subraya Krishna Bhat","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, jojoba oil was utilized as a sustainable feedstock for the production of biolubricants through transesterification &amp; epoxidation procedures, using HCl and H₂SO₄ as catalysts. The influence of critical process parameters—including molar ratio, temperature, and catalyst concentration—on the biolubricant yield was systematically examined. ANOVA analysis revealed non-linear variations in yield, highlighting significant interactive effects between process variables. Three nature-inspired optimization algorithms—Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Differential Evolution (DE), and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)—were used to determine the optimal process conditions for maximizing biodiesel yield using HCl and H₂SO₄ as catalyst systems. DE provided the best balance between accuracy and computational efficiency, while PSO was also efficient but slightly less accurate. The optimized conditions identified were a molar ratio of 0.5 (0.5 molar equivalent of acetic acid to 1 molar equivalent of hydrogen peroxide), reaction temperature 50 °C, and with a catalyst concentration of 1.2 ml wt%. Experimental validation of these conditions showed excellent agreement with the predicted yields, with deviations of only 0.15 % for HCl and 0.48 % for H₂SO₄, confirming the reliability and practical applicability of the optimization models. The study demonstrates that accurate control and optimization of reaction conditions substantially improve both yield and process efficiency. Moreover, the use of a renewable, non-edible oil and environmentally benign processing methods underlines the potential of biolubricants as a viable alternative to conventional petroleum-based lubricants. These findings contribute to the advancement of cleaner and more sustainable industrial lubrication technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100579"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of energy-efficient residential building design in Japan: A climate-responsive approach under current and future scenarios","authors":"Xiong Xiao ,&nbsp;Jihui Yuan ,&nbsp;Zhichao Jiao ,&nbsp;Zhengsong Lin ,&nbsp;Kazuo Emura ,&nbsp;Craig Farnham ,&nbsp;Jiale Chai ,&nbsp;Xiangfei Kong ,&nbsp;Yan Ding ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Yang ,&nbsp;Zhe Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Japan’s 2050 carbon neutrality goal demands optimized residential building energy efficiency amid diverse climates and future warming, intensified by polar amplification and urban heat island (UHI) effects. This study investigates climate-responsive designs for a 120.08 m² two-story residential model across ten Japanese cities—Sapporo, Akita, Sendai, Tokyo, Nagoya, Toyohashi, Osaka, Fukuoka, Kagoshima, and Naha—under current (2020s) and future (2080s) scenarios. Using high-resolution EnergyPlus weather data and a Genetic Algorithm (GA) in Python with the Distributed Evolutionary Algorithms in Python (DEAP) library, window-to-wall ratio (WWR) and R-values for roofs, walls, and windows were optimized to minimize energy use while maintaining thermal comfort per ISO 7730 (Predicted Mean Vote, PMV, -0.5 to +0.5). Results reveal regional contrasts: Sapporo’s heating drops 15,251 kWh annually with enhanced insulation (R_roof = 6.0 m²K/W), while Naha’s cooling rises 3585 kWh, mitigated by higher WWR (0.45) for ventilation. Temperate Tokyo balances both, reducing energy by 6851 kWh with WWR = 0.29. This pioneering approach, among the first to integrate UHI and polar amplification into a GA-based optimization framework for Japanese climates, spans Japan’s climatic diversity, achieving energy savings and comfort through tailored designs—e.g., advanced glazing cuts southern peak loads by 23–27 %. Unlike static-focused studies, it offers future-adaptive guidelines, bridging simulation and practical design under evolving climates. This work advances sustainable architecture, supporting Japan’s low-carbon transition by providing region-specific strategies for long-term building performance and informing energy-efficient urban planning and policy development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100605"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small-scale biodigesters in a tropical semi-arid region: Impacts on emissions and water, energy and food security","authors":"Jéssica Bárbara da Silva ,&nbsp;Ita Oliveira - Porto ,&nbsp;Bárbara Ribeiro Alves Alencar ,&nbsp;Edvaldo Pereira Santos Júnior ,&nbsp;Diego Ribeiro do Amaral ,&nbsp;Daniela Silva Gomes Moreira do Valle ,&nbsp;Íthalo Barbosa Silva de Abreu ,&nbsp;Suzyane Porfírio da Silva ,&nbsp;Alineaurea Florentino Silva ,&nbsp;Roseane Simões de Moura ,&nbsp;Monica Carvalho ,&nbsp;Antônio Celso Dantas Antonino ,&nbsp;Aldo Torres Sales ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Damilano Dutra ,&nbsp;Rômulo Simões Cezar Menezes","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the growing search for natural resources to meet human needs, interest has arisen in developing technologies based on the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus. The implementation of biodigesters on small farms is an initiative that aligns with global agendas and the WEF nexus concept. This research aimed to evaluate the integration of a small-scale biodigester prototype locally referred to as \"<em>biodigestor sertanejo</em>,\" on the water, energy, food, and environmental security of smallholder farmers in the semi-arid region of northeastern (NE) Brazil. Primary data were obtained from semi-structured questionnaires. A physical-chemical analysis of the digestate as a biofertilizer was also carried out. The emissions from the biodigester were analyzed using the life cycle assessment method. The use of biodigesters to treat animal waste has positively impacted the lives of families by reducing the proliferation of diseases and the contamination of water resources. Replacing firewood with biogas for cooking also helped reduce the number of cases of respiratory diseases in families by 10.9 %. It was also found that domestic savings of around USD 201.3 per year resulted from the switch to biogas energy.</div><div>Another benefit was using the digestate from the biodigester as an organic fertilizer, which increased food production. Environmental analysis showed that using manure for biogas production emits fewer greenhouse gases than applying it directly to crops or leaving it in open fields. This work provides insights for better management of water and energy resources in a semi-arid region and can support public policies and investments. The results also demonstrate how this technology enhances food security for local populations, which could serve as an incentive to expand its use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100602"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key issues in electric vehicle battery supply chains based on English-language news articles: a machine learning approach","authors":"Abderahman Rejeb ,&nbsp;Karim Rejeb ,&nbsp;Edit Süle","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global transition to clean energy has placed the electric vehicle (EV) battery supply chain at the center of sustainability, innovation, and economic development. This study presents the first systematic analysis of public discourse on the EV battery supply chain using web mining and natural language processing (NLP) techniques. Analyzing 667 news articles with machine learning algorithms such as PCA and t-SNE, the study identifies core issues shaping the sector, including manufacturing, capacity expansion, and recycling, all driven by surging EV demand and circular economy pressures. Key emerging themes include strategic growth, technological advancement, and policy support, with countries like Canada and those in Europe positioning themselves as leaders. The findings highlight critical dependencies on materials such as lithium, nickel, and cobalt, underscoring the need for coordinated strategies to ensure sustainable, resilient supply chains. This research offers foundational insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders advancing the global shift to electric mobility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100595"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradable PLA membranes with TiO₂/MWCNTs for UV-assisted self-cleaning and oil-water separation","authors":"Farah Abuhantash ,&nbsp;Hanaa M. Hegab ,&nbsp;Fawzi Banat ,&nbsp;Isam H. Aljundi ,&nbsp;Faisal Al Marzooqi ,&nbsp;Shadi W. Hasan","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a sustainable, self-cleaning membrane system for oily wastewater treatment based on biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with TiO₂-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (TCNTs). The hybrid membranes were fabricated via nonsolvent-induced phase separation with TCNT loadings of 0–2 wt%. The incorporation of 2 wt% TCNTs into the PLA matrix enhanced water permeability by 89 % and achieved &gt;99 % oil rejection, outperforming unmodified membranes. Notably, the membranes maintained full flux recovery after five UV-assisted cleaning cycles without the use of chemical agents. Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis confirmed treated water remained within EPA standards across all cycles, whereas the pristine PLA membrane exceeded limits by the fifth cycle. Characterization via SEM, EDS, XRD, contact angle, porometry, and TGA demonstrated improved membrane morphology, surface hydrophilicity, and thermal stability. The results highlight the effectiveness of TiO₂/MWCNT nanocomposites in enabling UV-driven self-cleaning and antifouling behavior in PLA membranes. This work offers a scalable and eco-friendly alternative to conventional synthetic polymer membranes, bridging the gap between membrane performance, fouling resistance, and environmental sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100608"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing hydrokinetic energy from hydropower plant tailraces: A review of technological advances, feasibility studies, and prospects","authors":"K. Kusakana ,&nbsp;J. Jurasz","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the first narrative review dedicated to hydrokinetic energy recovery in the tailraces of conventional hydropower plants, synthesising literature from 2009–2025. Tailraces offer unique deployment advantages, fast currents, existing infrastructure, and stable hydraulic conditions, yet remain laregely underexplored in both academic and industrial contexts. By consolidating a globally diverse body of research covering multiple geographical settings, turbine technologies, operational regimes, and methodological approaches, the review delivers a comprehensive perspective on this niche but promising application. It introduces a tailored nonlinear formulation linking upstream hydropower discharge to tailrace velocity and hydrokinetic power output, enabling integrated modelling of hybrid hydropower-hydrokinetic systems. A comparative classification framework is developed to organise deployments by site configuration, turbine type, grid integration strategy, and environmental interaction. An eight-step feasibility assessment methodology is proposed, integrating technical, environmental, economic, and policy dimensions, and is complemented by a SWOT analysis positioning tailrace hydrokinetics within broader renewable energy transitions. Literature review indicates capacity factors ranging from approximately 18 % in seasonal low-flow channels to over 45 % in regulated tailraces, with potential energy gains of up to 27 % above baseline hydropower generation. As reported in scientific articles the estimated generation potential from European tailraces alone is 2.4 TWh per year, although multi-region case studies demonstrate opportunities beyond Europe. The key challenges include flow-resistance impacts on upstream head, high capital costs, and regulatory gaps, while opportunities arise from policy support, technological advancements, and synergies with existing hydropower assets. By consolidating dispersed data and providing quantifiable benchmarks, structured feasibility guidance, and strategic findings, this review offers a unified reference for researchers, engineers, and policymakers, and aims to accelerate the technically robust and sustainable deployment of hybrid hydropower-hydrokinetic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100586"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-water-food nexus planning considering Co-optimized electric vehicle scheduling","authors":"Arman Koohizadeh Dehkordi ,&nbsp;Esmaeil Mahboubi-Moghaddam ,&nbsp;Masoumehsadat Seyedyazdi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hassan Khooban","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents an integrated Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) formulation that enables long term planning of food, energy, and water (FEW) systems while explicitly modeling electric vehicles (EV) as bi-directional, dynamic storage systems. The model simultaneously co-optimizes hourly EV charging and discharging with water allocation, energy provision, and agricultural land use decisions to minimize total system costs and maximize food production. Utilizing data from Yulin, China, the suggested framework leads to a total system cost reduction of 35 % compared to baseline scenario without EVs flexibility (reduced to 2.27 million RMB annually). The model hourly resolution captures both daily and seasonality dynamics providing actionable planning strategies to FEW stakeholders and policymakers. The reported 35 % cost savings is consistent with or exceed savings reported in other comparable studies of the FEW nexus without EVs [2,10], or in short term EV-integrated energy systems [1].</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100588"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}