Energy nexus最新文献_第5页

A systematic literature review on combined seawater desalination and reverse electrodialysis: Evaluating its technological readiness and potential for full-commercialization

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100362

Marijn T. van Geet, Janina Fuchs

Combined seawater desalination and reverse electrodialysis technology has emerged as an eco-innovation that holds great promise to enhance the economic and environmental performance of the desalination industry. However, despite its apparent benefits and increased academic interest, reverse electrodialysis is, to date, not commonly used in combination with desalination. Using a technological readiness perspective, the current study evaluates its technological maturity and potential to achieve full commercialization. Based on a structured literature review including 70 recent publications on the topic, the current study identified four main techno-economic barriers that stand in the way of this eco-innovation progressing to wide-scale adoption: (1) a low power density and energy efficiency; (2) a high levelized cost of energy; (3) technological immaturity; and (4) a lack of competitiveness. The technological immaturity of combined seawater desalination and reverse electrodialysis technology is one of the prime reasons for the low power density and energy efficiency, which in turn has a causal relationship with the high costs associated with the technology. Additionally, the high costs may contribute to the lack of competitiveness. It is concluded that these main barriers might cause the eco-innovation to fall victim to the so-called "Valley of Death," a funding gap between the proof of concept within academia and the adoption of the technology by the industry on a commercial scale. These findings have implications for future policy initiatives and investment decisions that aim to decarbonize and lessen the desalination industry's environmental impact.

{"title":"A systematic literature review on combined seawater desalination and reverse electrodialysis: Evaluating its technological readiness and potential for full-commercialization","authors":"Marijn T. van Geet, Janina Fuchs","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combined seawater desalination and reverse electrodialysis technology has emerged as an eco-innovation that holds great promise to enhance the economic and environmental performance of the desalination industry. However, despite its apparent benefits and increased academic interest, reverse electrodialysis is, to date, not commonly used in combination with desalination. Using a technological readiness perspective, the current study evaluates its technological maturity and potential to achieve full commercialization. Based on a structured literature review including 70 recent publications on the topic, the current study identified four main techno-economic barriers that stand in the way of this eco-innovation progressing to wide-scale adoption: (1) a low power density and energy efficiency; (2) a high levelized cost of energy; (3) technological immaturity; and (4) a lack of competitiveness. The technological immaturity of combined seawater desalination and reverse electrodialysis technology is one of the prime reasons for the low power density and energy efficiency, which in turn has a causal relationship with the high costs associated with the technology. Additionally, the high costs may contribute to the lack of competitiveness. It is concluded that these main barriers might cause the eco-innovation to fall victim to the so-called \"Valley of Death,\" a funding gap between the proof of concept within academia and the adoption of the technology by the industry on a commercial scale. These findings have implications for future policy initiatives and investment decisions that aim to decarbonize and lessen the desalination industry's environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100362"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An investigation of solar photovoltaic systems for potable water and lighting in socially and economically disadvantaged coastal regions

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100361

Kazi Meharajul Kabir , M.A. Matin , N. Amin

Bangladesh faces ongoing challenges in providing reliable electricity and clean drinking water, particularly in underprivileged coastal and rural areas. This study presents a low-cost, renewable energy-based system to address these issues, focusing on brackish water purification and nighttime lighting. The coastal zone, rich in solar, wind, and biomass resources, was selected for system design, optimization, and implementation. Simulations show that a solar and biomass hybrid energy system is cost-effective, providing water at $0.021/liter and electricity at $0.14/kWh. However, the high installation costs and need for expert maintenance limit the practicality of biomass for widespread use. Wind energy also proved ineffective in this region. Consequently, a solar photovoltaic (PV) system was identified as the most viable alternative, with costs of $0.022/liter for water and $0.17/kWh for energy. Laboratory testing confirmed that the system's purified water meets international water quality standards, producing potable water at just $0.002/liter, which is much cheaper than bottled water production, which costs $0.009/liter in Bangladesh. This research provides a sustainable solution for Bangladesh's underprivileged communities, contributing to long-term water and energy security.

{"title":"An investigation of solar photovoltaic systems for potable water and lighting in socially and economically disadvantaged coastal regions","authors":"Kazi Meharajul Kabir , M.A. Matin , N. Amin","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bangladesh faces ongoing challenges in providing reliable electricity and clean drinking water, particularly in underprivileged coastal and rural areas. This study presents a low-cost, renewable energy-based system to address these issues, focusing on brackish water purification and nighttime lighting. The coastal zone, rich in solar, wind, and biomass resources, was selected for system design, optimization, and implementation. Simulations show that a solar and biomass hybrid energy system is cost-effective, providing water at $0.021/liter and electricity at $0.14/kWh. However, the high installation costs and need for expert maintenance limit the practicality of biomass for widespread use. Wind energy also proved ineffective in this region. Consequently, a solar photovoltaic (PV) system was identified as the most viable alternative, with costs of $0.022/liter for water and $0.17/kWh for energy. Laboratory testing confirmed that the system's purified water meets international water quality standards, producing potable water at just $0.002/liter, which is much cheaper than bottled water production, which costs $0.009/liter in Bangladesh. This research provides a sustainable solution for Bangladesh's underprivileged communities, contributing to long-term water and energy security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100361"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization of performance under off-design conditions for dual-pressure organic Rankine cycle with hot source splitting

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100360

Shiqi Wang , Zhongyuan Yuan , Kim Tiow Ooi , Xiangyu Chang , Nanyang Yu

The Dual-Pressure Organic Rankine Cycle system, integrated with Hot Source Splitting (DORC-HSS), demonstrates enhanced performance by optimizing heat matching. A primary challenge in deploying the DORC-HSS system lies in its off-design performance, particularly when faced with varying conditions of heat and cold sources. By using the first law of thermodynamics and the logarithmic mean temperature difference method, the MATLAB model of the system is established, and the net output power is optimized by particle swarm optimization. Our analysis reveals that in optimal off-design scenarios, the working fluid exits each loop preheater nearing a saturated liquid state. The increase in hot water flow rate leads to a decrease in the superheat degree in the high-pressure loop. Conversely, the working fluid at the expander inlet in the low-pressure loop consistently maintains a saturated vapor state. Furthermore, a 20.0% increase in optimal output power is observed for every 5 °C rise in hot water inlet temperature, and a 12.2% increase for every 20 kg/s increment in hot water flow rate. The highest thermal and exergy efficiencies achieved are 8.54% and 49.98%, respectively. A reduction of 1 °C in cooling water temperature corresponds to a 3.5% increase in output power. When the cooling water inlet temperature is 17 °C, the highest thermal and exergy efficiencies are 8.0% and 52.3%. The optimal hot water split ratio ranges from 67% to 79%. This optimization method can be used for any waste heat recovery system using DORC-HSS. Industries can approach control targets, ensuring the safe operation and translating into meaningful energy savings and lower operating costs. The economic benefits from such enhancements could shorten the payback period for DORC-HSS installations.

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引用次数: 0

Multi-objective inexact optimization of the biomass supply chain from an energy-land-carbon nexus perspective

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100358

Zhanxiang Fang , Mengmeng Wang , Ling Ji , Yulei Xie , Jiliang Zhen

It is attractive and advantageous to utilize marginal land to support regional biomass energy development and improve energy security. In this study, an integrated and comprehensive decision-making framework is proposed to support the strategic planning and tactical management of regional biomass supply networks from an energy-land-carbon nexus perspective. It combines a multi-objective fuzzy chance-constraint programming model with spatial analysis of marginal land and multi-criteria assessment of biorefinery sites. The model is verified through a case study of a major agricultural region, Shandong Province in China. Local agricultural residues remain a key feedstock for bioethanol production. The results highlight the importance of considering the multi-objective tradeoffs and the intricate resource and environmental nexus for stakeholders to achieve sustainability in real practice. A cost-minimization objective drives the construction of large-scale biomass plants to enhance efficiency. An emissions-minimization goal favors smaller, decentralized plants to reduce transport distances and improve local land use. Maximizing social welfare promotes marginal land development, creating more employment opportunities. Decision-makers' management goals, risk preferences, and external fluctuations significantly influence the spatial planning of bioethanol supply chains, marginal land utilization, and operational strategies. Overall, the proposed methodology offers decision-makers an effective tool for achieving optimal decisions while accounting for complex system interdependencies, conflicting objectives, and uncertainties.

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引用次数: 0

Waste heat recovery of a combined internal combustion engine and inverse brayton cycle for hydrogen and freshwater outputs: 4E optimization and comparison

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2024-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100356

Mohammad Zoghi, Nasser Hosseinzadeh, Saleh Gharaie, Ali Zare

In power plants, internal combustion engines (ICEs) continue to serve as a prevalent source of power generation. Despite advancements in ICE performance over the past decade, significant amounts of energy are still wasted through exhaust gases and jacket cooling water. In this study, advanced waste heat recovery technologies are explored to enhance the overall efficiency of ICE power plants. Initially, an inverse Brayton cycle (IBC) is employed for exhaust gas energy recovery in a 500 kW ICE. Subsequently, waste energy in the heat rejection stage of the IBC and the exhausted gas from the compressor is recovered using a thermoelectric generator (TEG) and an absorption chiller. Additionally, the extra electricity generated by the TEG is directed to a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer and a reverse osmosis desalination unit, producing hydrogen and potable water as additional outputs. Furthermore, energy from the jacket cooling water is recovered in a hot water unit. The 4E (energy, exergy, exergy-economic, and environmental) performance of the two configurations is compared by sensitivity analysis and design optimization. Exergy efficiency and unit cost of product (UCOP) are obtained as 36.09% and 58.303 $/GJ for the stand-alone engine. They are calculated at 39.62% and 64.553 $/GJ and 43.05% and 62.06 $/GJ for Configurations 1 and 2, respectively, in the optimum mode. In this case, Configuration 2 leads to the highest efficiency, and while the UCOP of Configuration 2 is better than that of Configuration 1, the stand-alone engine has the best value of UCOP. This suggests that converting a stand-alone engine to an integrated system with multiple useful outputs is a feasible and beneficial strategy for improving power plant efficiency and sustainability. Furthermore, in the optimum mode and for Configuration 2, improvements of 1.36% and 1.49% are reported for exergy efficiency and UCOP in comparison with the base case mode.

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引用次数: 0

Thermal analysis and optimal fluid selection for the novel integrated vapor compression cycle and ORC system for ultra-low grade waste heat recovery using the desuperheating method

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2024-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100357

Muhammad Asim , Sheheryar Khan , Shahid Ali Khan , Taha Baig , Muhammad Imran , Abdul Wasy Zia , Fahid Riaz , Michael K.H. Leung

This research investigates the thermal performance and working fluid selection from ultra-low-grade waste heat recovery. The study examines the desuperheating method of a novel integrated Vapor Compression Cycle (VCC) and the organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system for electricity generation. Two cooling methods are analysed and compared, water-cooled VCC-water-cooled ORC and air-cooled VCC -air-cooled ORC. The study was conducted on a vapor compression system with 35-kW refrigeration capacity and evaluated various performance indices. The results indicate that for the water-water cooled system, R407c-R141b is the potential working fluid, achieving an overall coefficient of performance (COP_sys) of 3.20, ORC thermal efficiency of 7.56 %, and net electricity output of 0.28 kW. R410a-R141b is recommended in the air-air-cooled system due to its higher ORC thermal efficiency (7.67 %) than the water-water-cooled system (7.56 %), resulting in a power output of 0.44 kW. Sensitivity analysis reveals that desuperheating is preferable for obtaining higher ORC thermal efficiency. Increasing the condensing water temperature improves net electricity and ORC thermal efficiency. Furthermore, a higher mass flow rate of condensing water enhances system COP and system exergy efficiency but decreases ORC thermal efficiency.

{"title":"Thermal analysis and optimal fluid selection for the novel integrated vapor compression cycle and ORC system for ultra-low grade waste heat recovery using the desuperheating method","authors":"Muhammad Asim , Sheheryar Khan , Shahid Ali Khan , Taha Baig , Muhammad Imran , Abdul Wasy Zia , Fahid Riaz , Michael K.H. Leung","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the thermal performance and working fluid selection from ultra-low-grade waste heat recovery. The study examines the desuperheating method of a novel integrated Vapor Compression Cycle (VCC) and the organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system for electricity generation. Two cooling methods are analysed and compared, water-cooled VCC-water-cooled ORC and air-cooled VCC -air-cooled ORC. The study was conducted on a vapor compression system with 35-kW refrigeration capacity and evaluated various performance indices. The results indicate that for the water-water cooled system, R407c-R141b is the potential working fluid, achieving an overall coefficient of performance (COP<sub>sys</sub>) of 3.20, ORC thermal efficiency of 7.56 %, and net electricity output of 0.28 kW. R410a-R141b is recommended in the air-air-cooled system due to its higher ORC thermal efficiency (7.67 %) than the water-water-cooled system (7.56 %), resulting in a power output of 0.44 kW. Sensitivity analysis reveals that desuperheating is preferable for obtaining higher ORC thermal efficiency. Increasing the condensing water temperature improves net electricity and ORC thermal efficiency. Furthermore, a higher mass flow rate of condensing water enhances system COP and system exergy efficiency but decreases ORC thermal efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100357"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carbon fiber from petroleum pitch: Current advances and potential applications

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100355

Ajay Sharma , Mustafa M. Amin , Md Abdullah Al Bari , Mohammad M. Hossain , Muhammad N. Siddiquee

Reducing production costs while meeting rising demand is a significant technological challenge for the carbon fiber industry. Carbon fiber (CF) is increasingly used in aviation, defense, and sports due to its lightweight, high tensile strength, chemical resistance, and temperature tolerance. The global demand for CF is projected to grow at an average annual rate of 10.3%. Currently, ∼90% of CF is produced using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as a precursor, which is costly, with the precursor accounting for approximately 53% of the total production cost, limiting its use in medium to low-end markets. Conversely, heavy petroleum fractions like heavy vacuum gas oil and vacuum residue are inexpensive petroleum refinery wastes with significant potential for CF production. Developing and fabricating CF from low-value petroleum residues could be a viable alternative to reduce costs and meet growing demand. This review focuses on an organized and critical assessment of the application of low-grade CF derived from low value petroleum residues, life cycle assessment, production methodologies, influencing parameters, operative conditions, and properties of such CFs. The aim of this review article is to provide a general idea to the society that low value petroleum residue-based CF has diverse applications and can expedite the adoption of CF in medium to low-end industries because of cost benefits and it can also help to decarbonize the petrochemical industries.

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引用次数: 0

Fruit and vegetable wastes as co-substrates in anaerobic co-digestion: Effect of storage temperature on physicochemical properties and biogas production

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100354

André Azevedo , Nuno Lapa , Margarida Moldão , Jorge Gominho , Elizabeth Duarte

Global population growth has led to a significant increase in food waste, including Fruit and Vegetable Waste (FVW). Anaerobic co-digestion offers a sustainable way to valorise FVW, especially when combined with Municipal Sewage Sludge (MSS) to mitigate imbalances in their mono-digestion. This study investigates the effects of storage temperatures (10 °C and 25 °C, which represent Mediterranean climates with an Atlantic influence like Portugal) on the degradation of apple, carrot, and banana peels. Changes in physicochemical properties were assessed and anaerobic co-digestion batch assays with purées of fresh and stored FVW alongside MSS were performed. Results indicated that apple peels purées, at a 1:2 peel-to-water ratio, achieved over the double of volatile solids concentration compared to MSS, with each FVW type having a C/N ratio above 40. Storage at 10 °C significantly reduced the degradation of total and volatile solids, as well as chemical oxygen demand, with apple peels retaining the highest carbohydrate concentrations. Anaerobic co-digestion with fresh FVW boosted biogas and CH₄ production by 19.5% and 15.2%, respectively. FVW storage at 10 °C further enhanced CH₄ yield and decreased H₂S content by 71% relative to MSS mono-digestion. These findings demonstrate that mild storage temperatures can improve biogas quality and yield by facilitating controlled FVW degradation.

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引用次数: 0

Spatial and temporal grey water footprints of agricultural pesticide use: Improved pesticide use options to decrease water pollution in China 中国农业农药使用灰水足迹的时空特征：改进农药使用方案以减少水污染

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100349

J. Yi , P.W. Gerbens-Leenes , M.M. Aldaya

Pesticides cause environmental and health risks. This study estimates the spatial-temporal dynamics of water pollution by pesticides and strategies for improvement. It uses the grey water footprint (WF) to identify the most polluting crops, hotspots and periods of increased water pollution with China as the case study area. It also proposes a temporal grey WF dimension due to pesticide degradation. The study used agricultural information for the period 2011–2015 from farmer surveys. The results showed that grey WFs were three times larger in summer than in winter. Hotspots were the North China Plain and Northeast China. Maize with herbicide (acetochlor) and insecticide (cypermethrin) use contributed most. In winter, the grey WFs in Southern regions were dominated by fungicide mancozeb use for vegetables and fruits. The temporal analysis of the grey WF due to pesticide degradation shows that the maximum daily grey WF was 66 % smaller than values based on the traditional calculation method. Moreover, replacing the most polluting pesticides, mancozeb, cypermethrin and acetochlor, can contribute to 20∼90 % of grey WF reduction across regions and months. Agriculture and policymakers can use this information to reduce pesticide-related water pollution.

农药造成环境和健康风险。本研究估计了农药污染的时空动态和改善策略。它利用灰水足迹（WF）来识别污染最严重的作物、水污染加剧的热点和时期，并以中国为案例研究区域。并提出了农药降解的时间灰色WF维数。该研究使用了2011-2015年期间农民调查的农业信息。结果表明，夏季灰色WFs是冬季的3倍。热点地区为华北平原和东北地区。玉米用除草剂（乙草胺）和杀虫剂（氯氰菊酯）使用贡献最大。在冬季，南方地区的灰色WFs以蔬菜和水果的杀菌剂代森锰锌为主。对农药降解引起的灰色WF进行时间分析，得到的最大日灰色WF比传统计算方法的值小66%。此外，更换污染最严重的农药，如代森锰锌、氯氰菊酯和乙草胺，可在不同地区和月份减少20% ~ 90%的灰色WF。农业和决策者可以利用这些信息来减少与农药有关的水污染。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable business assessment of the gasification of solid recovered fuel for bread making

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100326

Ziyad Tariq Abdullah

Solid recovered fuel (SRF) is an alternative to fossil fuels that is produced from recovered municipal solid waste. SRF is often used to provide heat for energy-intensive industries, such as cement production. Here, the alternative use of SRF for industrial bread production is proposed for the first time. Five industrial bread-making portfolios based on SRF gasification were developed based on commercially available industrial machinery and technology. The developed industrial-scale alternatives were subjected to the cost and profit feasibility analyses to quantify their economic sustainability. The technical feasibility of SRF-fueled bread making was mathematically modelled considering the maturity of the industrial machinery. Regression plots were used to analyze the effects of the productivity (manufacturing scale) on the cost, power, syngas consumption, number of workers, and delivery cost of these relationships. Good consistency between the data in these plots, i.e., the machinery specifications, indicates a high level of technical maturity. Furthermore, the social sustainability was calculated based on the technical, employment, and human development potentials, where automated bread-making lines increase productivity, but reduce the required number of workers. Finally, a comprehensive sustainability performance index was evaluated by combining the technical, economic, environmental, and social indexes. The final sustainability index of 0.65 is very close to the threshold for a sustainable profitable business. The economic analysis showed that a maximum profit of 36,718 USD/day can be achieved based on the production of 1.5 t/h of bread, where cost can be lowered to 1630 USD/t by using SRF. Replacing traditional fossil-based gas fuels (liquid petroleum gas and liquid natural gas) by SRF-derived gas has both economic and environmental advantages, resulting in high economic and environmental sustainability indexes.

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引用次数: 0