Energy nexus最新文献_第5页

Improving microgrid reliability and performance by implementing novel optimizing strategies for renewable energy and storage devices 通过实施可再生能源和存储设备的新优化策略提高微电网的可靠性和性能

IF 9.5 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100671

Nilesh Chothani , Parul Upadhyay , Dharmesh Patel , Choon Kit Chan , Nithesh Naik , Subhav Singh , Saurav Dixit

The planning and operation of microgrids rely on efficient energy management, especially where the generation of renewable sources is high, intermittent, and unpredictable. The intermittent characteristics of solar energy and wind velocity pose a significant challenge in ensuring economic viability, voltage stability, and safe operation. In order to solve these problems, this paper suggests a Levy Flight Particle Swarm Optimization (LFPSO)-based techno-economic optimization model of optimal integration of wind, solar, micro-turbine distributed generators, and energy storage systems within a grid-connected micro-grid. The LFPSO is an extension of the traditional PSO that adds heavy-tailed Levy perturbations of flight, which greatly increases the possibility of world exploration as well as reduces premature convergence. The optimization model will reduce the levelized operating cost, system active power losses, and dependency of this substation at the same time, with nodal voltage magnitude and phase angle constraints to provide stable operation. The uncertainty of renewable generation is modeled explicitly by applying the scenario-based stochastic make-up of wind speed and solar irradiance. The validity of the methodology is demonstrated on an IEEE-13 bus microgrid under various conditions of renewable availability and load. Comparative convergence analysis has shown that LFPSO has a convergence time which is ten times less than standard PSO, and objective values are lower as well which is statistically validated with 100 independent runs showing robustness. The simulation results show that the operating cost is reduced to 0.142–0.145 USD/kWh, the active power loss is reduced by up to 80 percent under favorable conditions of renewable sources and the Substation Dependency Index (SBDI) is improved systematically, which is an indicator of better resilience of the microgrids. The findings affirm that LFPSO offers computationally efficient and robust optimization framework of microgrid energy management in the real world and has distinct benefits over its peer meta-heuristic approaches in addressing renewable uncertainty and multi-objective operational limitations.

微电网的规划和运行依赖于有效的能源管理，特别是在可再生能源发电量高、间歇性和不可预测的情况下。太阳能和风速的间歇性特性对确保经济可行性、电压稳定性和安全运行提出了重大挑战。为了解决这些问题，本文提出了一种基于Levy Flight Particle Swarm Optimization （LFPSO）的风能、太阳能、微型涡轮分布式发电机和储能系统在并网微电网内优化集成的技术经济优化模型。LFPSO是传统PSO的延伸，增加了飞行的重尾Levy扰动，这大大增加了世界勘探的可能性，并减少了过早收敛。优化模型将在节点电压幅值和相角约束下，同时降低该变电站的平准化运行成本、系统有功损耗和依赖性，提供稳定运行。应用基于场景的风速和太阳辐照度随机组合，明确地模拟了可再生能源发电的不确定性。在一个IEEE-13总线微电网中，验证了该方法在不同可再生可用性和负载条件下的有效性。对比收敛分析表明，LFPSO的收敛时间比标准PSO短10倍，客观值也更低，并通过100次独立运行进行了统计验证，显示出鲁棒性。仿真结果表明，在可再生能源有利条件下，运行成本降低至0.142 ~ 0.145美元/千瓦时，有功功率损耗降低高达80%，变电站依赖指数（SBDI）得到系统提高，是微电网恢复能力增强的指标。研究结果证实，在现实世界中，LFPSO提供了计算效率高、鲁棒性强的微电网能源管理优化框架，在解决可再生能源不确定性和多目标运行限制方面，与同类元启发式方法相比，具有明显的优势。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing water resources availability and crop performance under climate change in Kenya's Bura irrigation scheme using SWAT and AquaCrop 利用SWAT和AquaCrop评估气候变化下肯尼亚Bura灌溉计划的水资源可用性和作物性能

IF 9.5 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100624

Daniel Mwendwa Wambua , Hiroaki Somura , Toshitsugu Moroizumi , Morihiro Maeda

The current study focused on Tana River Basin in Kenya, home to the Bura irrigation scheme (BIS). The BIS faces water supply shortages during critical months of crop development. This study aimed to evaluate the available water resources and crop performance using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and AquaCrop, respectively, under historical and future shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) at the BIS. SWAT estimated the total available flows (TAF) at the BIS intake, whereas AquaCrop estimated crop water requirements (CWR), yields, and water productivity (Wpet) of rice and maize at various carbon (IV) oxide (CO₂) levels. The study suggested that the TAF will remain relatively low during the early critical crop development stages in the main cropping season, August-October. Maize yields remained steady over the two cropping seasons under both constant and elevated CO₂ levels in the historical and future periods, as opposed to those of rice. Elevated CO₂ levels led to diminishing CWR. Moreover, rice showed a stronger response to elevated CO₂ than maize. As a result, maize which is less affected by variations in CO₂ and temperatures and has less crop water requirements will be better suited than rice for cultivation in the BIS under climate change. To ensure a sustainable water supply in the scheme, the government should increase rainwater harvesting during periods of high TAF. Moreover, there should be a focus on introducing crops that are tolerant to water and temperature stresses and that can reap the most from the elevated CO₂ levels.

目前的研究集中在肯尼亚的塔纳河流域，这里是Bura灌溉计划（BIS）的所在地。在作物生长的关键月份，BIS面临着供水短缺的问题。本研究旨在利用土壤和水分评估工具（SWAT）和AquaCrop分别评估BIS历史和未来共享社会经济路径（ssp）下的可用水资源和作物生产性能。SWAT估计了BIS摄入量的总可用流量（TAF），而AquaCrop估计了水稻和玉米在不同碳（IV）氧化物（CO2）水平下的作物需水量（CWR）、产量和水分生产力（Wpet）。该研究表明，在8 - 10月主要种植季节的早期关键作物发育阶段，TAF将保持相对较低的水平。与水稻不同，在过去和未来两个时期，在二氧化碳水平不变和升高的情况下，玉米产量在两个种植季节保持稳定。二氧化碳浓度升高导致CWR减小。此外，水稻对二氧化碳浓度升高的响应强于玉米。因此，受二氧化碳和温度变化影响较小、作物需水量较少的玉米将比水稻更适合在气候变化条件下在BIS种植。为确保该计划的可持续供水，政府应在TAF高期间增加雨水收集。此外，应该把重点放在引进能够耐受水和温度压力的作物上，这些作物可以从升高的二氧化碳水平中收获最多。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the local electric field effect of electron transfer in straw-derived carbon microsphere-WO3 composite materials: Photocatalytic hydrogen production performance and mechanism under solar light 秸秆碳微球- wo3复合材料中电子转移的局域电场效应研究：太阳光照下光催化制氢性能及机理

IF 9.5 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100638

Zhou Yunlong , Sun Meng

Solar photocatalytic hydrogen production is an important technology for green hydrogen energy production. However, due to the limitation of the light absorption band of photocatalysts, the most commonly used catalysts are difficult to achieve efficient and stable photocatalysis under sunlight. Herein, a carbon microsphere-WO₃ composite photocatalytic material was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, which accelerated the directional transfer of photogenerated electrons. There is a strong local electric field effect in the carbon microsphere-WO₃ composite photocatalytic material, promoting the directional transfer of electrons. Photogenerated carriers rapidly migrate from WO₃ to the active sites on the surface of carbon microspheres, improving the kinetics of the photocatalytic H⁺ reduction reaction and accelerating the efficiency of solar photocatalytic hydrogen production. When the doping concentration of carbon microspheres is 30%, the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of the composite material reaches 520 μmol·h^-1·g^-1, which is 32.5 times that of pure WO₃. The carbon microsphere-WO₃ composite photocatalytic material has superior photo-stability and recyclability. The experimental results reveal the reaction mechanism of the efficient catalysis of the composite material. This study opens up new prospects for the practical application of photocatalysts.

太阳能光催化制氢是绿色制氢的重要技术。然而，由于光催化剂的光吸收带的限制，最常用的催化剂在阳光下难以实现高效稳定的光催化。本文采用水热法制备了碳微球- wo3复合光催化材料，该材料加速了光生电子的定向转移。碳微球- wo3复合光催化材料中存在很强的局部电场效应，促进了电子的定向转移。光生载体从WO3快速迁移到碳微球表面的活性位点，提高了光催化H+还原反应的动力学，加快了太阳能光催化制氢的效率。当碳微球掺杂浓度为30%时，复合材料的光催化产氢速率达到520 μmol·h-1·g-1，是纯WO3的32.5倍。碳微球- wo3复合光催化材料具有良好的光稳定性和可回收性。实验结果揭示了复合材料高效催化的反应机理。本研究为光催化剂的实际应用开辟了新的前景。

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引用次数: 0

Optimal techno-economic and environmental assessment of a standalone solar-powered irrigation system in North Africa based on the nexus approach 基于联系方法的北非独立太阳能灌溉系统的最佳技术经济和环境评估

IF 9.5 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100640

Safa Slouma , Abdessami Soyed

This study deals with a first approach to exploit the Nexus Approach applied to PV-powered irrigation in North Africa—a region with high solar potential but water scarcity, such as Tunisia. Tunisia had faced an arid and very changeable climate, including significant decreases in annual rainfall (455 mm per year). This research focuses on a techno-economic, social and environmental assessment of a standalone solar-powered irrigation system (SPVWPS) in the Tunisian area, based on the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus approach. It proposes a holistic assessment framework that synthesizes these interconnected dimensions. The study assesses the system's optimal sizing, economic feasibility, and social and environmental benefits by employing an optimization framework that combines solar energy potential, crop water requirements, and cost-effectiveness. Via PVsyst software, the system's performance is simulated under varying climatic conditions, with sensitivity analyses conducted to evaluate the component costs’ impact, solar irradiance variations, and water demand shapes. Economic indicators such as Net Present Value are analyzed, while environmental benefits are quantified in terms of CO₂ emissions reduction compared to conventional diesel-powered systems. Results demonstrate that the proposed SPVWPS is economically feasible and significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions avoid >3348.57 kg of CO₂ per year. The nexus approach further highlights the system's potential to enhance water-use efficiency with an average exceeding 20 m³ per day and crop productivity. This average can irrigate up to 1.5 hectares of olive crops. Policy recommendations are provided to facilitate large-scale adoption, emphasizing the role of subsidies and technical training. This study contributes to offering a replicable model for similar arid regions in North Africa.

本研究探讨了将Nexus方法应用于北非光伏灌溉的第一种方法，该地区太阳能潜力巨大，但水资源短缺，如突尼斯。突尼斯面临干旱和非常多变的气候，包括年降雨量显著减少（每年455毫米）。这项研究的重点是对突尼斯地区基于水-能源-粮食（WEF） Nexus方法的独立太阳能灌溉系统（SPVWPS）进行技术经济、社会和环境评估。它提出了一个综合这些相互关联的维度的整体评估框架。该研究通过采用结合太阳能潜力、作物需水量和成本效益的优化框架，评估了该系统的最佳规模、经济可行性以及社会和环境效益。通过PVsyst软件，模拟了系统在不同气候条件下的性能，并进行了敏感性分析，以评估组件成本的影响、太阳辐照度变化和水需求形状。分析净现值（Net Present Value）等经济指标，与传统柴油相比减少二氧化碳（CO₂）排放量，量化环境效益。结果表明，SPVWPS在经济上是可行的，每年可减少温室气体排放3348.57 kg。nexus方法进一步强调了该系统在提高平均每天超过20立方米的用水效率和作物生产力方面的潜力。这平均可以灌溉1.5公顷的橄榄作物。提出政策建议以促进大规模采用，强调补贴和技术培训的作用。该研究有助于为北非类似干旱地区提供可复制的模式。

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引用次数: 0

How resilient is a power system? An open-source tool integrating GIS and Optimal Power Flow for resilience assessment 电力系统的弹性有多大？一个集成GIS和最优潮流的复原力评估开源工具

IF 9.5 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100630

Montserrat Montalà-Palau , Marc Cheah Mañé , Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt

The concept of resilience has gained prominence across diverse fields and has recently emerged as a crucial concept in power systems, complementing traditional notions of reliability, robustness, and security. Despite this, standardized approaches to integrating resilience into power system planning remain limited. This study proposes a novel framework that combines Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with AC and DC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) analysis to quantify power system resilience. A new resilience index is introduced, accounting for external hazards, system vulnerabilities, and inherent strengths. Recognizing resilience as a multi-layered challenge that requires comprehensive data management, the methodology utilizes GIS to efficiently integrate both qualitative and quantitative spatial and system data, enabling robust analysis even in data-sparse or heterogeneous environments. The methodology is implemented as an open-source tool and applied to a rural power network in Spain, illustrating how different mitigation strategies affect resilience outcomes. In the demonstrated case study, the proposed mitigation strategies reduced the system’s overall power at risk by nearly 90%. The tool constitutes a valuable resource for resilience-oriented power system planning and is freely available at [1].

弹性的概念在各个领域都得到了突出的体现，最近成为电力系统中的一个关键概念，补充了传统的可靠性、鲁棒性和安全性概念。尽管如此，将弹性纳入电力系统规划的标准化方法仍然有限。本研究提出一种结合地理资讯系统（GIS）与交直流最优潮流（OPF）分析的新框架，以量化电力系统弹性。引入了一种新的弹性指数，考虑了外部危害、系统脆弱性和内在优势。认识到弹性是一个多层次的挑战，需要全面的数据管理，该方法利用GIS有效地整合定性和定量的空间和系统数据，即使在数据稀疏或异构环境中也能进行稳健的分析。该方法作为一种开源工具实施，并应用于西班牙的一个农村电网，说明了不同的缓解战略如何影响复原力结果。在演示的案例研究中，拟议的缓解策略将系统的整体风险功率降低了近90%。该工具是面向弹性的电力系统规划的宝贵资源，可在b[1]免费获得。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the impact of drought on water use efficiency among ecosystems on the Mongolian Plateau 干旱对蒙古高原生态系统水分利用效率的影响

IF 9.5 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100664

Xinyi Liu , Quan Lai , Shan Yin , Rihe Gao

Water use efficiency (WUE) encompasses precipitation use efficiency (PUE), soil water use efficiency (SWUE), and groundwater use efficiency (GWUE) and serves as a key indicator for evaluating ecosystem responses to drought, particularly as climate change continues to intensify. This study investigates the responses of various WUE indicators to drought conditions on the Mongolian Plateau at a spatial resolution of 0.1° from 2000 to 2020. Drought conditions are measured using drought indices such as the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Soil Moisture Anomaly Index (SMAI), and Groundwater Storage Deficit Index (GWSDI). The findings reveal that while PUE, SWUE, and GWUE generally exhibited upward trends, their responses to drought varied significantly. In arid regions, WUE indicators showed positive correlations with drought indices, while in humid regions, negative correlations were observed. The SPEI and SMAI predominantly indicated a wetting trend, whereas GWSDI reflected a drying trend across most of the study area (67.47 %). Moreover, the study identified lagged effects of drought on PUE, SWUE and GWUE that ranged from 2.4 to 4.4 months and varied according to vegetation type and climatic region. Although drought typically led to reductions in PUE and SWUE, enhancements of GWUE were observed in both semi-humid forests and semi-arid sandy lands under groundwater drought. Given the Mongolian Plateau's ecological fragility and its critical role in East Asia's water and carbon cycles, these findings underscore the complexity of drought impacts on WUE and highlight the need to develop appropriate ecosystem management strategies to address the challenges posed by climate change.

水分利用效率（WUE）包括降水利用效率（PUE）、土壤水分利用效率（SWUE）和地下水利用效率（GWUE），是评估生态系统对干旱响应的关键指标，特别是在气候变化持续加剧的情况下。在0.1°空间分辨率下，研究了2000 - 2020年蒙古高原各水分利用效率指标对干旱条件的响应。利用标准化降水蒸散发指数（SPEI）、土壤水分异常指数（SMAI）和地下水储水量亏缺指数（GWSDI）等干旱指数来测量干旱条件。结果表明，虽然PUE、SWUE和GWUE总体呈上升趋势，但它们对干旱的响应差异显著。干旱区水分利用效率与干旱指数呈正相关，湿润区水分利用效率与干旱指数呈负相关。SPEI和SMAI主要表现为湿润趋势，而GWSDI在大部分研究区（67.47%）表现为干燥趋势。此外，研究还发现干旱对PUE、SWUE和GWUE的滞后效应在2.4 ~ 4.4个月之间，且随植被类型和气候区域的不同而不同。尽管干旱通常导致PUE和SWUE的降低，但地下水干旱条件下半湿润森林和半干旱沙地的GWUE均有所增加。鉴于蒙古高原的生态脆弱性及其在东亚水和碳循环中的关键作用，这些发现强调了干旱对用水效率影响的复杂性，并强调了制定适当的生态系统管理战略以应对气候变化带来的挑战的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of classical statistical models for forecasting CO₂ emissions, GDP, and TBL cancer indicators: A comparative analysis of East and West Asia 预测CO₂排放、GDP和TBL癌症指标的经典统计模型的比较：东亚和西亚的比较分析

IF 9.5 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100682

Seyed Mohieddin Moezzi , Mohammadali Allahrabbi Shirazi , Alireza Rajabi Zadeh Monfared , Hossein Yousefi

This study analyzes and forecasts economic, environmental, and health indicators in West Asian and East Asian countries. The innovation of this study is the combination of health parameters related to respiratory diseases (cancer) with economic parameters and air pollution, and the use of artificial intelligence models for long-term forecasting of these indicators. The main objective of this study was to develop and compare four AI-based models for forecasting GDP, CO₂ emissions, and TBL cancer in selected countries from West and East Asia until 2040. After comparing the models using error measures such as RMSE, MAE, and MAPE, the ARIMA model was selected as the best model. The results of the forecast for one of the West Asian countries until 2040 show that the ARIMA model with RMSE errors of 0.1236 in CO₂ emissions, 747.26 in GDP, and 1140.81 in TBL cancer was selected as the best model. The forecast results show that East Asian countries, especially China, have had significant growth in all indicators, especially in CO₂ emissions and GDP, so that in CO₂ emissions, the growth in East Asia has reached 245.5 %, while this value in West Asia has been 96.65 %. Also, the growth of TBL cancer and GDP in East Asian countries has been faster than that in West Asia. China has experienced significant growth in all three indicators. This study can help researchers and decision-makers adopt better policies in the fields of public health and sustainable development by increasing awareness of future trends.

本研究分析并预测了西亚和东亚国家的经济、环境和健康指标。本研究的创新之处在于将与呼吸系统疾病（癌症）相关的健康参数与经济参数和空气污染相结合，并利用人工智能模型对这些指标进行长期预测。本研究的主要目的是开发和比较四种基于人工智能的模型，用于预测东亚和西亚选定国家到2040年的GDP、二氧化碳排放和TBL癌症。通过对RMSE、MAE、MAPE等误差度量模型的比较，选择ARIMA模型为最佳模型。对某西亚国家至2040年的预测结果表明，ARIMA模型的CO2排放量RMSE误差为0.1236，GDP RMSE误差为747.26，TBL癌症RMSE误差为1140.81，是最佳模型。预测结果表明，东亚国家，特别是中国，在所有指标上都有显著的增长，特别是在CO2排放量和GDP方面，因此在CO2排放量上，东亚的增长率达到245.5%，而西亚的增长率为96.65%。此外，东亚国家的TBL癌症和GDP的增长速度也快于西亚。中国在这三个指标上都经历了显著增长。这项研究可以通过提高对未来趋势的认识，帮助研究人员和决策者在公共卫生和可持续发展领域采取更好的政策。

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引用次数: 0

Salt-regulated triacylglycerol accumulation and biodiesel quality of Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 under two-stage cultivation 两段式培养条件下盐调节花椰菜（Scenedesmus sp. BHU1）甘油三酯积累及生物柴油品质

IF 9.5 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100655

Rahul Prasad Singh , Priya Yadav , Ajay Kumar , Amit Kaushik , Aditi Arya , Mahaswetta Saikia , Rajan Kumar Gupta , Laurent Dufossé

Microalgae efficiently sequester carbon and accumulate neutral lipids; however, challenges persist in achieving high triacylglycerol (TAG) and biofuel yields. This study presents a novel two-stage salt stress strategy that enhances neutral lipid accumulation, jet fuel production, and biodiesel quality in Scenedesmus sp. To address this, Scenedesmus sp. was cultivated under varying NaCl concentrations (0–0.4 M) and time intervals (0–12 days) using a two-stage process. In stage I, control cells (0 M NaCl) showed a higher CO₂ fixation rate (122.06 mg L⁻¹ d⁻¹), while 0.4 M NaCl-treated cells recorded the highest neutral lipid content (77.01 %). In stage II under 0.4 M NaCl at 8 days, 1.48 kg biomass yielded 1 kg microalgal oil, and 2.59 kg biomass produced 1 kg jet fuel. Further, second derivative spectra from FTIR spectroscopy revealed shifts in functional groups favoring neutral lipid synthesis (peaks at 2923 cm⁻¹ and 1746 cm⁻¹), while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed decomposition of lipids and carbohydrates during pyrolysis. Additionally, CHNS analysis revealed maximum higher heating value (25.64 MJ/kg), and lower heating values (24.71 MJ/kg) in 8^th-day biomass. GC-MS analysis revealed a predominance of saturated fatty acids (SFAs; 66.67 %), particularly C16–C18, over monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs; 18 %) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; 16 %). Notably, biodiesel produced from 8^th day biomass met both the EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 standards, demonstrating the potential of Scenedesmus sp. for biodiesel feedstock. Importantly, biodiesel produced from the 8^th-day biomass met both the EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 standards. Thus, current study highlights the potential of salt supplementation in Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 to enhance triacylglycerol, supporting its use as a biodiesel feedstock.

微藻能有效地固碳和积累中性脂；然而，在实现高三酰甘油（TAG）和生物燃料产量方面仍然存在挑战。本研究提出了一种新的两阶段盐胁迫策略，可以提高Scenedesmus sp的中性脂质积累、喷气燃料生产和生物柴油质量。为了解决这个问题，采用两阶段工艺在不同的NaCl浓度（0-0.4 M）和时间间隔（0-12天）下培养Scenedesmus sp。在第一阶段，对照细胞（0 M NaCl）显示出更高的CO₂固定率（122.06 mg L -毒血症），而0.4 M NaCl处理细胞的中性脂质含量最高（77.01%）。在第II阶段，在0.4 M NaCl条件下8天，1.48 kg生物质产生1 kg微藻油，2.59 kg生物质产生1 kg喷气燃料。此外，FTIR光谱的二阶导数光谱显示，官能团的变化有利于中性脂质合成（峰值在2923 cm⁻¹和1746 cm⁻¹处），而热重分析（TGA）显示了热解过程中脂质和碳水化合物的分解。CHNS分析显示，第8天生物量的最高热值为25.64 MJ/kg，最低热值为24.71 MJ/kg。GC-MS分析显示饱和脂肪酸（sfa, 66.67%），特别是C16-C18，高于单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFAs, 18%）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs, 16%）。值得注意的是，从第8天的生物质中生产的生物柴油符合EN 14214和ASTM D6751标准，这表明了Scenedesmus sp.作为生物柴油原料的潜力。重要的是，从第8天的生物质中生产的生物柴油符合EN 14214和ASTM D6751标准。因此，目前的研究强调了在Scenedesmus sp. BHU1中添加盐以增强三酰甘油的潜力，支持其作为生物柴油原料的使用。

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引用次数: 0

Hybrid renewable energy for agriculture: Review of optimising power dispatch and reliability analysis 农业混合可再生能源：优化电力调度和可靠性分析综述

IF 9.5 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100679

Chima Tansi Uwaezuoke, Nnamdi I. Nwulu

This paper presents a complete overview of optimal power dispatch algorithms and reliability analysis methods for hybrid energy systems incorporating combined heat and power (CHP), photovoltaic (PV), wind energy and grid connections in agriculture applications. Agriculture presents particular energy issues due to seasonal needs, isolated locations, and varying power requirements. Hybrid systems provide intriguing solutions by combining complementary energy sources, but require advanced techniques for power dispatch and reliability enhancement.

This review was carried out using a systematic methodology, with a structured search across the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, and ScienceDirect databases. The search terms were ‘hybrid renewable energy,” “CHP integration,” or ‘reliability analysis’. Studies were included if they focused on hybrid renewable energy systems involving CHP, photovoltaic, wind or grid integration, addressed optimisation, dispatch, or reliability analysis, and were published between 2015 and 2025 in peer-reviewed journals or conference proceedings. The exclusion criteria excluded simply theoretical works without validation, research not related to agricultural uses, and articles that lacked quantitative assessment. In total, 45 relevant studies were synthesised.

Multi-objective optimisation frameworks, advanced reliability evaluation methodologies, technology advances in energy storage and system integration, and economic-environmental sustainability concerns are all critical areas of study. Research gaps are identified, such as a lack of integration of CHP with renewable energy in agricultural contexts, insufficient dependability measurement for critical agricultural activities, and inadequate frameworks for comprehensively resolving economic-environmental-reliability trade-offs. Future research directions will focus on standardised but adaptable system designs, improved integration of thermal and electrical needs, and complete modelling approaches that consider social and regulatory factors. This synthesis contributes to the development of more efficient, reliable, and sustainable agricultural energy solutions.

本文介绍了在农业应用中结合热电联产（CHP）、光伏（PV）、风能和电网连接的混合能源系统的最佳电力调度算法和可靠性分析方法的完整概述。由于季节性需求、孤立的地点和不同的电力需求，农业提出了特殊的能源问题。混合动力系统通过结合互补能源提供了有趣的解决方案，但需要先进的电力调度和可靠性增强技术。本综述采用系统方法，在Web of Science核心馆藏、Scopus、IEEE Xplore数字图书馆和ScienceDirect数据库中进行结构化搜索。搜索词是“混合可再生能源”、“热电联产整合”或“可靠性分析”。如果研究的重点是涉及热电联产、光伏、风能或电网集成的混合可再生能源系统，涉及优化、调度或可靠性分析，并在2015年至2025年之间发表在同行评审期刊或会议论文集上，则纳入研究。排除标准仅排除未经验证的理论作品、与农业用途无关的研究和缺乏定量评估的文章。总共综合了45项相关研究。多目标优化框架、先进的可靠性评估方法、储能和系统集成方面的技术进步以及经济-环境可持续性问题都是研究的关键领域。指出了研究上的差距，例如在农业背景下缺乏热电联产与可再生能源的整合，对关键农业活动的可靠性测量不足，以及全面解决经济-环境-可靠性权衡的框架不足。未来的研究方向将集中在标准化但适应性强的系统设计，改进热电需求的集成，以及考虑社会和监管因素的完整建模方法。这种综合有助于开发更高效、可靠和可持续的农业能源解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Least-cost electrification pathways for Senegal by 2030: A nationwide analysis using open-source spatial electrification tool (OnSSET) 塞内加尔到2030年实现成本最低的电气化途径：使用开源空间电气化工具（OnSSET）的全国分析

IF 9.5 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100621

Adama Sarr , Aldo Bischi , Umberto Desideri , Cheikh Mouhamed Fadel Kebe

Achieving universal electricity access in Senegal by 2030 remains a major policy challenge due to persistent spatial disparities in infrastructure, population density, and resource availability. This study conducts a nationwide, spatially explicit assessment of least-cost electrification pathways using OnSSET. The analysis develops context-specific scenarios to plan optimal technology mixes across rural and peri‑urban areas, based on differentiated tiers of electricity access. By integrating high-resolution geospatial, demographic, and techno-economic data, the model identifies the most economically viable solutions for achieving universal access. Results indicate that grid extension is the least-cost option for approximately 93.7 % of the population, largely concentrated in peri‑urban areas with high population density and proximity to existing grid infrastructure. In contrast, solar PV mini-grids (MG PV) and stand-alone PV (SA PV) systems are optimal for 0.7 % and 5.6 % of the population, respectively, mainly in remote, sparsely populated rural settlements. The total investment required to achieve universal electricity access by 2030 is estimated at USD 269.8 million, corresponding to 116.1 MW of additional installed capacity.

Beyond quantifying cost-optimal solutions, the study demonstrates the potential of open-source geospatial models like OnSSET to support transparent, data-driven planning in developing country contexts. It also highlights key policy implications, emphasizing the need for integrated national electrification strategies that combine centralized and decentralized systems to address regional disparities. Limitations of the study include uncertainties in input data quality, static demand assumptions, and the exclusion of non-technical barriers such as institutional capacity and financing constraints. Nonetheless, the findings provide a valuable decision-support basis for Senegal’s ongoing energy transition and broader Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) objectives.

由于塞内加尔在基础设施、人口密度和资源可用性方面存在持续的空间差异，到2030年实现普遍通电仍然是一项重大的政策挑战。本研究在全国范围内对使用OnSSET的最低成本电气化途径进行了明确的空间评估。该分析开发了针对具体情况的方案，以根据电力获取的不同层次，规划农村和城郊地区的最佳技术组合。通过整合高分辨率地理空间、人口和技术经济数据，该模型确定了实现普遍接入的最经济可行的解决方案。结果表明，对于大约93.7%的人口来说，电网扩展是成本最低的选择，这些人口主要集中在人口密度高且靠近现有电网基础设施的城郊地区。相比之下，太阳能光伏微型电网（MG PV）和独立光伏（SA PV）系统分别适用于0.7%和5.6%的人口，主要是在偏远、人口稀少的农村定居点。到2030年实现普遍电力接入所需的总投资估计为2.698亿美元，相当于新增装机容量116.1兆瓦。除了量化成本最优解决方案之外，该研究还展示了OnSSET等开源地理空间模型在支持发展中国家透明、数据驱动规划方面的潜力。它还强调了关键的政策影响，强调需要制定综合的国家电气化战略，将集中和分散系统结合起来，以解决区域差距。该研究的局限性包括输入数据质量的不确定性，静态需求假设，以及排除非技术障碍，如机构能力和融资限制。尽管如此，研究结果为塞内加尔正在进行的能源转型和更广泛的可持续发展目标7 （SDG7）目标提供了宝贵的决策支持基础。

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引用次数: 0