Energy nexus最新文献

{"title":"Removal of arsenic ions As (III) and As (V) from simulated aqueous solutions using modified rice husk by manganese oxide","authors":"Vanesa Zea-Linares ,&nbsp;Betty M. Salazar-Pinto ,&nbsp;José A. Villanueva-Salas ,&nbsp;Elvis G. Gonzales-Condori","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present investigation aimed to remove arsenic ions As (III) and As (V) from simulated aqueous solutions using modified rice husk by manganese oxide. It was possible to demonstrate that rice husk (RH) cannot remove As (III) and As (V) ions; however, the modification of RH with MnO₂ (RH-MnO₂) confers to this residue the capacity to remove both As ions. The Response Surface Methodology was used to optimize the removal process, taking into account the factors of pH, initial arsenic concentration, and RH-MnO₂ dosage. As a result, an RH-MnO₂ dosage of 9.6 g/L, pH=5, and an initial concentration of 1 mg/L was obtained for 100 % removal of As (III) and (V) ions. The kinetic model that best fitted the removal process was the pseudo-second order kinetic model, which would indicate that the removal process of As (III) and As (V) ions would follow chemisorption mechanisms. The analysis of the adsorption isotherms showed that the adsorption process occurs in monolayer since the process was better adjusted to the mathematical model of the Langmuir isotherm, also, after performing adsorption experiments at 15, 25, and 35 °C it was possible to demonstrate that the increase in temperature influences the removal process achieving better values of maximum adsorption capacity (<em>q_m</em>) at 35 °C being these of 0.186 mg/g and 0.133 mg/g for the removal of As (III) and As (V). The thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. On the other hand, ATR-FTIR analysis indicates that adsorption of As (III) and As (V) ions is evident between 600 and 800 cm^-1, this was also corroborated with EDS analysis. SEM analysis showed that RH-MnO₂ exhibits a more heterogeneous and porous structure than RH unmodified. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that RH-MnO₂ would achieve the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water, being a promising alternative for its scaling up to real conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100554"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized biohydrogen production from sewage sludge: Advanced pretreatment strategies in dark fermentation and microbial electrolysis cells","authors":"Hikmatullah Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Anam Jalil ,&nbsp;Sohail Khan ,&nbsp;Ndayisenga Fabrice ,&nbsp;Chengyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhisheng Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The production of biohydrogen from sewage sludge presents a promising avenue for sustainable energy conversion and pollution control. This study systematically evaluates biohydrogen (bio-H₂) production through dark fermentation (DF) and single-chamber microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), employing diverse substrate pretreatment methods, including acidic, ultrasonic, heat, alkaline, and a novel combined CalciumCarbonate-2Potassiumhydroxide (CCPH) pretreatment. The findings reveal that these pretreatments significantly enhance the accumulation of proteins, carbohydrates, and volatile fatty acids (VFAs), with the DF phase further augmenting the solubilization of these critical components. Notably, 90–95% of carbohydrate and protein accumulation occurs during the pretreatment phase, which concurrently suppresses methanogenesis in sewage sludge, thereby optimizing conditions for bio-H₂ production in subsequent MEC processes. Among the pretreatments, CCPH-P demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving a total volatile fatty acid (TVFAs) concentration of 1,962 ± 124 mg/L post-dark fermentation, representing an 11.4-fold increase compared to untreated sludge. In MEC experiments, CCPH-P sludge attains a maximum current density of 172.5 A/m³ and an average bio-H₂ yield of 133.071 ml/g VS, underscoring its efficiency in electrochemical hydrogen recovery. Acetic and propionic acids, derived from sludge fermentation, emerge as the predominant electron donors, constituting approximately 80% of the total VFAs content across all pretreated substrates. Metagenomic analysis further reveals that Firmicutes exhibit the highest relative abundance, ranging from 60% to 88% in pretreated substrates, compared to merely 10.5% in untreated sewage sludge. These results collectively indicate that CCPH-pre-treatment serves as a viable and efficient method for enhancing biohydrogen recovery from sewage sludge through DF and MEC systems, thereby advancing the potential for waste-to-energy applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100573"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of the morphology of highly polluted urban areas neighborhood on suspended particles of PM 2.5 and PM 10 air pollutants (Case Study: Ahvaz, Iran)","authors":"Sadaf Vahidi ,&nbsp;Mansour Yeganeh ,&nbsp;Masoud Ghasaban","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air pollution is one of the serious environmental challenges in large and industrial cities, which has direct and indirect consequences on human health and the environment. In many large cities, improper design of building forms can increase the amount of suspended particles. With population growth and urban development, managing and reducing air pollution has become essential. This study was conducted to improve indoor air quality and reduce the infiltration of atmospheric pollutants into residential spaces, utilizing the ENVI-met software as a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based simulation tool. This tool enables the analysis of the impact of architectural form on climatic conditions in urban environments. For this purpose, the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 pollutants as the main criteria of air pollution in <em>Ahvaz</em> city was collected from the Environment and Protection Organization, and using detailed simulations, the effect of different building forms, including square forms, central courtyard, l-shaped, T-shaped, U-shaped, linear and Plus-shaped have been investigated. Design variables such as height, occupation level, and orientation of the building were selected as critical parameters and modeled at three height levels and different percentages of occupation level, which finally led to the production of 63 simulation scenarios. The results showed that the U-shaped form with a height of 16 meters, an occupation level of 60 %, and an orientation towards the east (Leeward) shows the best performance in reducing the penetration of PM2.5 and PM10. Compared to the current situation, the proposed model demonstrated improved performance, achieving a 23.40 % reduction in pollutants compared to <em>Lashkarabad</em>, 13.32 % compared to <em>Shahrek Naft</em>, 12.3 % compared to <em>Zeytoon Karmandi</em>, and 27.3 % compared to <em>Koye Ostadan</em>, proving its effectiveness in enhancing air quality. The findings of this study demonstrate that selecting building forms with consideration of pollutant types and environmental conditions plays a significant role in reducing air pollution levels. Simulation as an analytical tool in the early design phase enables a more precise assessment of the impact of various architectural forms and can serve as an effective approach in the sustainable design process. The results assist designers in identifying optimal options and can be used as a scientific reference by policymakers and urban planners to improve urban environmental quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100527"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic viability of crop-specific solar irrigation designs under diverse agricultural management and grid-connected conditions: Insights from Qazvin Plain, Iran","authors":"Mohammad Reza Mirahmad,&nbsp;Atefeh Parvaresh Rizi","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The depletion of fossil fuels as the primary energy source and the associated environmental impacts contradicts sustainable development goals. A viable global solution involves harnessing renewable solar energy. With growing emphasis on pressurized irrigation systems in water-intensive agriculture and their significant energy demands, solar-powered irrigation has emerged as a promising alternative. However, financial viability remains a key challenge. This study examines solar irrigation systems tailored to the Qazvin Plain, Iran, focusing on fixed rain and strip sprinklers across three cultivated area scales for two crops—fodder corn and wheat—under single-season and double-season scenarios. Results highlight the critical role of crop type, cultivation scale, and irrigation methods in economic feasibility. Optimal system design prioritizing minimal energy use is essential, considering each agricultural plot's specific attributes. Notably, surplus electricity sales to the national grid could generate income 35–45 times the initial cost over 20 years for single-season plans and 31–38 times for double-season plans, with the initial investment recouped within six years. The net present value in all scenarios confirms the financial rationale for adopting solar irrigation systems, underscoring their potential to align agricultural practices with sustainability and economic efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100550"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming arid regions: CLEWs–OSeMOSYS pathways for low-carbon jobs and circular resource loops","authors":"Amirreza Khaleghian ,&nbsp;Masoumeh Bararzadeh Ledari ,&nbsp;Roya Vahedi ,&nbsp;Maryam Fani","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arid regions face acute water scarcity, with traditional farming dominating groundwater use and employment. This study asks whether strict groundwater and carbon limits can sustain jobs while reducing emissions. Using the CLEWs–OSeMOSYS framework in Iran’s Khash region, this study quantifies low-carbon employment pathways and model circular resource loops—wastewater reuse, biowaste-to-energy, and CO₂ use in greenhouses.</div><div>Three 2020–2050 scenarios impose a 50 % groundwater cut and reduce traditional agriculture/livestock by 50–90 % under carbon caps of 30–90 %. In the base case, agriculture employs ∼32 000 workers (75 % of jobs), consumes 367 MCM of water, and emits 0.3 Mt CO₂. Under the most stringent pathway (SC III), withdrawals fall to 62 MCM (–84 %), emissions drop 90 %, and farm jobs shrink by 90 %. Yet total employment rises slightly (∼40 000), with 28 600 jobs in renewables, 8 100 in greenhouse farming, and 5 100 in CCUS-based ethylene. Circular measures generate 18.6 MW of biopower, meet 46 % of domestic water demand, and support 31.7 ha of CO₂-enriched greenhouses.</div><div>These results show that resource constraints can drive structural shifts toward resilient, low-carbon economies. Policy priorities include greenhouse adoption with reskilling, expansion of renewables and CCUS petrochemicals, and tariff reforms to incentivize reuse and biogas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100552"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rich enough to go green? A threshold regression analysis on the nonlinear effects of income on renewable energy demand","authors":"Swapnanil SenGupta ,&nbsp;Anshita Sachan","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We revisit whether the income-renewable energy nexus is nonlinear and regime-dependent, and complement the established U-shaped income-renewable energy relationship by determining threshold income values. Using a panel of up to 189 countries over 1990–2021, we estimate a dynamic panel threshold regression that accommodates endogeneity and lagged dependence. We identify statistically significant income thresholds of $13,726 (global), $43,000 (advanced economies, AEs), and $6588 (emerging markets and developing economies, EMDEs). Below the threshold, a 1% rise in income reduces renewable energy consumption by about 0.03% globally and 0.13% in EMDEs; above the threshold, the effect turns positive (about 0.16% globally and 0.01% in EMDEs). Thus, the Renewable Energy Kuznets Curve (RKC) is confirmed. For AEs, the association is positive on both sides and markedly stronger above the threshold. Thresholds and signs remain stable across five stress tests. The cut-offs stay within narrow bands (global $15,693-$17,189; AEs $38,522-$43,521; EMDEs $4989-$6412).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100598"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards collective intelligence in agriculture: Deep reinforcement learning and digital twins for efficient management of collective irrigation water distribution systems","authors":"Chouaib El Hachimi ,&nbsp;Salwa Belaqziz ,&nbsp;Saïd Khabba ,&nbsp;Hasan Karjoun ,&nbsp;Mohamed Hakim Kharrou ,&nbsp;Bouchra Ait Hssaine ,&nbsp;Salah Er-Raki ,&nbsp;Andre Daccache ,&nbsp;Abdelghani Chehbouni ,&nbsp;Qihao Weng","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing traditional Open-Channel Irrigation Systems (OCIS) is crucial for enhancing water sustainability and food security in water-scarce regions. OCIS remains widely used in many countries but receives less research attention in optimization studies compared to the rapid advancements in precision agriculture, which leverage new technologies such as artificial intelligence, remote sensing, drones, and the internet of things. Here, this study aims to optimize Water Use Efficiency (WUE) in the context of OCIS by proposing a framework for an adaptive spatiotemporal distribution of sowing dates. The framework consists of an intelligent agent interacting with a Digital Twin (DT). R3 district, an irrigated area within the Tensift basin in Morocco was used as a study site. Agrometeorological data from an automatic weather station installed in R3 district feeds the DT. This latter operates currently as a Digital Model with no bidirectional data integration, and comprises a module based on the AquaCrop model to simulate crop growth, development, and yield, and another module using graph theory to simulate the OCIS. The study evaluates genetic algorithms (GAs), an evolutionary optimization technique, versus a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) agent for recommending the adaptive spatiotemporal distribution of sowing dates. The objective function is formulated as a constrained maximization of a Lagrangian function representing WUE, subject to the constraints imposed by the OCIS. The DDPG agent was trained for 1000 epochs, while GA ran for 100 generations. Results showed that the DDPG agent effectively learned the environment's dynamics through interactions with the R3 DT, as evidenced by increasing trend in the reward signals. However, GAs showed prolonged stagnation at multiple plateaus suggesting that GAs were unable to escape suboptimal solutions. In terms of training time, GAs take the longest. Additionally, comparing a same-day sowing date scenario to the adaptive sowing dates scenario recommended by the DDPG agent revealed a 4.69% increase in the total crop yield with WUE of 1.95 while adhering to the hydraulic constraints of OCIS. This study marks a first step toward utilizing intelligent agents in critical areas such as irrigation water management. Future work will focus on enhancing the R3 DT to increase the agent's robustness, enabling it to generate reliable recommendations for real-world applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100599"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reimagining landfills as energy hubs: A new integrated approach for biomethane and green hydrogen production","authors":"Silvia De Paola ,&nbsp;Giuseppina Oliva ,&nbsp;Stefano Cairone ,&nbsp;Diego Magrini ,&nbsp;Giorgio Cardona ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Cimini ,&nbsp;Roberto Zocchi ,&nbsp;Tiziano Zarra ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Belgiorno ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Naddeo","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landfills have long been seen as a suboptimal waste management solution, yet innovative strategies can repurpose them as energy hubs. This study investigates an integrated valorization approach combining landfill gas (LFG) upgrading via Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption (VPSA), multi-stage reverse osmosis (RO) treatment of landfill leachate (LL), and green hydrogen (H₂) production via electrolysis powered by renewable energy. The proposed approach has been partially validated at the Borgo Montello landfill (Latina, Italy) through the implementation of LFG upgrading, LL treatment, and photovoltaic (PV) modules installed along the basin slopes to promote energy self-sufficiency. The strategy was evaluated through site-specific mass and energy balance analyses, comparing four scenarios: A) representing the conventional approach with LFG used in combined heat and power (CHP) units and external LL management; B) featuring LFG upgrading to biomethane (bioCH₄) and LL treatment via RO; C) an advanced model integrating H₂ production from treated LL using a PV-powered electrolyzer; and D) which builds upon Scenario C but proposes an alternative pathway for bioCH₄ valorization that eliminates the need for liquefaction. The mass balances indicated that the upgrading and liquefaction system achieved an 87 % (m/m) yield and 98 % purity in terms of methane, while the RO treatment displaced 68 % of water recovery and 99.9 % of contaminants rejection. Energy balances confirmed the viability of all configurations, with Scenario D delivering the highest energy surplus of +8938 MWh/year, followed by Scenario C (+5729 MWh/year), Scenario A (+5161 MWh/year), and Scenario B (+2418 MWh/year). Although Scenario A yields relatively high energy production, it provides limited resource valorization and circular economy benefits compared to the other scenarios, which integrate bioCH₄ and H₂ production within a more resource-efficient model. Overall, the results demonstrate that landfills can be repurposed into multi-functional energy hubs, contributing to circular economy goals, decarbonization, and resource recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100561"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145417680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A literature review of the food–energy–water nexus trade-offs and synergies research at the household level","authors":"Thulani Ningi ,&nbsp;Jeffrey D Mullen","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food–energy–water (F–E–W) nexus research has increased because of the rising worldwide demand for nutritious food, affordable and efficient energy and high-quality water resources. However, current studies primarily focus on securing these resources without fully addressing interconnectedness, trade-offs and potential synergies. Hence, this review scrutinizes the F–E–W nexus literature to understand current research trends exploring the trade-offs and synergies within household-level food–energy–water interconnectedness, with the objective of aiding policy creation. Unlike existing reviews that primarily analyze the F–E–W nexus at global, national, or regional scales, this study uniquely examines the direct trade-offs and synergies that households experience daily. The analysis was conducted using databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. This review found that current research mostly studies pathways and correlations between resources but does not specifically identify the trade-offs that households may minimize or the synergies they can utilize to achieve optimal food, energy and water security. Many studies either analyse the trade-offs between two resources or consider trade-offs and synergies as distinct concepts. This review asserts that the interdependencies and interactions within the F–E–W nexus significantly affect the security of energy, food and water resources at the household level. It highlights the need to recognise these connections in the strategic planning and administration of these essential resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100562"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of tractor hybrid electric powertrain and optimization control strategy based on dynamic programming algorithm","authors":"Baogang Li ,&nbsp;Jinbo Pan ,&nbsp;Yuhuan Li ,&nbsp;Fazhan Yang ,&nbsp;Hanjun Jiang ,&nbsp;Fuhao Liu ,&nbsp;Zunmin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve energy efficiency and fuel consumption, this study proposed a high‐power hybrid tractor system and developed a control strategy. Building upon the typical working characteristics of traditional tractors and the continuous speed regulation features of planetary gear transmissions in hybrid systems, a novel high‐power hybrid architecture was designed. A corresponding simulation model was established, and an energy management strategy based on dynamic programming algorithms was developed for optimization. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed hybrid tractor can deliver a maximum power output of over 200 kW, meeting the demands of high‐horsepower farm operations. Moreover, the dynamic programming‐based control strategy keeps both the engine and motor operating within high‐efficiency intervals, thereby considerably reducing fuel consumption. After optimization, the equivalent fuel consumption under traction conditions decreased from 2.76 L to 2.5 L-a reduction of 10.4 %. Under full operating load, the equivalent fuel consumption was reduced from 18.55 L to 16.7 L, achieving an 11.02 % improvement. These results confirmed a substantial increase in overall energy utilization efficiency. The high‐power hybrid tractor developed in this study provides valuable insights into the design of energy‐efficient agricultural machinery and offers a practical reference for formulating intelligent energy management strategies in agricultural engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100558"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}