Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100344
Salim Lahmiri
The main purpose of this paper is to analyze price returns series to investigate causality between international fossil energy markets and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on their clustering structures. The sample period covers August 1993 to June 2023. The empirical results from Granger causality applied to tests show (i) no evidence of causality in both directions between Australian coal and Brent, and between Dubai crude oil and Australian coal, (ii) evidene of 52 unidirectional causal relationships across international fossil energy markets, and (iii) evidence of bidirectional causality between US gasoline and Brent, South African coal and Australian coal, Indonesian natural gas and Australian coal, Russian natural gas and Australian coal, and between South African coal and Russian natural gas. Besides, results from agglomerative hierarchical clustering show that the COVID-19 pandemic affected the structures in the clusters in fossil energy markets and increased the similarity between them. Overall, we provide insights about the connectedness and clustering among major international fossil energy markets to highlight important system dynamics that could be helpful for policy makers, traders and investors.
{"title":"The nexus between fossil energy markets and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on clustering structures","authors":"Salim Lahmiri","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main purpose of this paper is to analyze price returns series to investigate causality between international fossil energy markets and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on their clustering structures. The sample period covers August 1993 to June 2023. The empirical results from Granger causality applied to tests show (<em>i</em>) no evidence of causality in both directions between Australian coal and Brent, and between Dubai crude oil and Australian coal, (<em>ii</em>) evidene of 52 unidirectional causal relationships across international fossil energy markets, and (<em>iii</em>) evidence of bidirectional causality between US gasoline and Brent, South African coal and Australian coal, Indonesian natural gas and Australian coal, Russian natural gas and Australian coal, and between South African coal and Russian natural gas. Besides, results from agglomerative hierarchical clustering show that the COVID-19 pandemic affected the structures in the clusters in fossil energy markets and increased the similarity between them. Overall, we provide insights about the connectedness and clustering among major international fossil energy markets to highlight important system dynamics that could be helpful for policy makers, traders and investors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100344"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100352
Lin Zhang
The introduction of the term “new quality productive forces” (NQPF) in China signals its move towards cutting-edge technologies and innovation as the new drivers of economic growth. As it shifts from labor-tensive sectors towards advanced industries, the energy sector is also expected to experience significant regime switch. This paper discusses how the new term articulated by the top leadership will reshape China’s energy sector including its labor, technology, critical resource supply, and the industrial value chain. The development of NQPF not only affects labor landscape and technology development, but also bring about significant change in the industrial value chain in China’s energy sector. I summarize that NQPF refers to high-tech driven, and sustainability-oriented productivity with more radical rather than incremental innovation. Overall, the energy sector is the key domain for creating NQPF for high-quality economic growth and the new forces act as a significant catalyst in transforming the energy sector towards achieving green, low-carbon, and sustainable development.
{"title":"Understanding the new quality productive forces in the energy sector","authors":"Lin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The introduction of the term “new quality productive forces” (NQPF) in China signals its move towards cutting-edge technologies and innovation as the new drivers of economic growth. As it shifts from labor-tensive sectors towards advanced industries, the energy sector is also expected to experience significant regime switch. This paper discusses how the new term articulated by the top leadership will reshape China’s energy sector including its labor, technology, critical resource supply, and the industrial value chain. The development of NQPF not only affects labor landscape and technology development, but also bring about significant change in the industrial value chain in China’s energy sector. I summarize that NQPF refers to high-tech driven, and sustainability-oriented productivity with more radical rather than incremental innovation. Overall, the energy sector is the key domain for creating NQPF for high-quality economic growth and the new forces act as a significant catalyst in transforming the energy sector towards achieving green, low-carbon, and sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100352"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100346
Fortune Ganda , Manoj Panicker
Carbon emissions and energy accessibility have emerged as significant obstacles to society's sustainable growth. This study investigates the non-linear impact of access to energy on carbon emissions by constructing a fixed-panel double-threshold regression model. The analysis utilises data from 2000 to 2019, encompassing 45 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The results outline that by employing the proportion of the population with access to electricity as the threshold parameter, the initial phases of foreign direct investment significantly lower carbon emissions. However, the later stages of FDI demonstrate an attenuated significantly positive link with carbon emissions. Secondly, by using the population with access to electricity as the threshold factor, primary energy consumption develops a significant and positive relationship with emissions in the initial levels that becomes more robust in the later intervals. Moreover, economic growth generates a positive relationship with environmental quality. However, the association between ICT and emissions is insignificantly positive. The d-H causality test results prove a bi-directional causal link between economic growth and carbon emissions, primary energy use and environmental quality, as well as ICT and emissions. The research proposes a comprehensive strategy for achieving sustainable development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Policymakers may develop policies for promoting clean energy access, responsible use of information and communication technology (ICT) and attracting environmentally aware foreign investment by examining the derived outcomes of the relationship between energy access, ICT, foreign direct investment (FDI), economic growth effects, and carbon emissions.
{"title":"Does access to energy matter? Understanding the complex nexus among energy consumption, ICT, foreign direct investment and economic growth on carbon emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Fortune Ganda , Manoj Panicker","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon emissions and energy accessibility have emerged as significant obstacles to society's sustainable growth. This study investigates the non-linear impact of access to energy on carbon emissions by constructing a fixed-panel double-threshold regression model. The analysis utilises data from 2000 to 2019, encompassing 45 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The results outline that by employing the proportion of the population with access to electricity as the threshold parameter, the initial phases of foreign direct investment significantly lower carbon emissions. However, the later stages of FDI demonstrate an attenuated significantly positive link with carbon emissions. Secondly, by using the population with access to electricity as the threshold factor, primary energy consumption develops a significant and positive relationship with emissions in the initial levels that becomes more robust in the later intervals. Moreover, economic growth generates a positive relationship with environmental quality. However, the association between ICT and emissions is insignificantly positive. The d-H causality test results prove a bi-directional causal link between economic growth and carbon emissions, primary energy use and environmental quality, as well as ICT and emissions. The research proposes a comprehensive strategy for achieving sustainable development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Policymakers may develop policies for promoting clean energy access, responsible use of information and communication technology (ICT) and attracting environmentally aware foreign investment by examining the derived outcomes of the relationship between energy access, ICT, foreign direct investment (FDI), economic growth effects, and carbon emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100346"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100348
David Cruz-Rangel , Carlos Ocampo-Martinez , Javier Diaz-Rozo
Significant progress has been achieved in managing energy consumption in the residential sector in recent years. However, the industrial sector requires better coverage due to its substantial challenges. Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) provides a solution for energy monitoring, enabling appliance tracking by observing only the aggregated energy consumption. The online information at the device level can offer deeper insights into the origin of energy consumption and facilitate the optimization of strategic load scheduling and demand management. Particularly in industrial settings, online NILM has become increasingly relevant, with potential benefits such as energy reduction, operational optimization, and improved productivity. This monitoring approach plays a crucial role in minimizing downtime, reducing maintenance costs, and extending the lifespan of industrial assets. This paper aims to contribute to this field by offering an overview of online disaggregation techniques. It begins with a contemporary review of NILM methodologies and examines techniques specifically designed for online applications. Additionally, the article details the hardware implementations associated with the discussed NILM approaches.
{"title":"Online non-intrusive load monitoring: A review","authors":"David Cruz-Rangel , Carlos Ocampo-Martinez , Javier Diaz-Rozo","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Significant progress has been achieved in managing energy consumption in the residential sector in recent years. However, the industrial sector requires better coverage due to its substantial challenges. Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) provides a solution for energy monitoring, enabling appliance tracking by observing only the aggregated energy consumption. The online information at the device level can offer deeper insights into the origin of energy consumption and facilitate the optimization of strategic load scheduling and demand management. Particularly in industrial settings, online NILM has become increasingly relevant, with potential benefits such as energy reduction, operational optimization, and improved productivity. This monitoring approach plays a crucial role in minimizing downtime, reducing maintenance costs, and extending the lifespan of industrial assets. This paper aims to contribute to this field by offering an overview of online disaggregation techniques. It begins with a contemporary review of NILM methodologies and examines techniques specifically designed for online applications. Additionally, the article details the hardware implementations associated with the discussed NILM approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100348"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143178351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100343
Salim Lahmiri
In this paper, we examine market efficiency in fossil energy and gold markets. Specifically, we study price disorder and information content in various energy markets and in gold market before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The set of energy markets include West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent, natural gas, heating oil, and gasoline. For each market, we estimated the correlation dimension, Lyapunov exponent, and approximate entropy for periods before and during the pandemic. In this regard, we contribute to the literature by using different nonlinear features to provide a rich description of the nonlinear dynamics in price evolution before and during the pandemic, considering five various energy and gold markets, and examining a longer and recent period spanning from November 2017 to November 2022. The empirical results show that, during the pandemic, complexity increased in gold and natural gas markets, stability strongly decreased in WTI and natural gas markets, and irregularity obviously increased in gold market but decreased in all energy markets. Besides, heating oil and gasoline markets appear to be unaffected by the COVID-19 pandemic especially in terms of complexity and stability compared to WTI, Brent, and gas markets. We conclude that the gold market maybe not attractive compared to energy markets for investors and traders during the pandemic. Besides, heating oil and gasoline markets offer interesting investment opportunities during the world economic downturn caused the outbreak of the pandemic.
{"title":"Price disorder and information content in energy and gold markets: The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Salim Lahmiri","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we examine market efficiency in fossil energy and gold markets. Specifically, we study price disorder and information content in various energy markets and in gold market before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The set of energy markets include West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent, natural gas, heating oil, and gasoline. For each market, we estimated the correlation dimension, Lyapunov exponent, and approximate entropy for periods before and during the pandemic. In this regard, we contribute to the literature by using different nonlinear features to provide a rich description of the nonlinear dynamics in price evolution before and during the pandemic, considering five various energy and gold markets, and examining a longer and recent period spanning from November 2017 to November 2022. The empirical results show that, during the pandemic, complexity increased in gold and natural gas markets, stability strongly decreased in WTI and natural gas markets, and irregularity obviously increased in gold market but decreased in all energy markets. Besides, heating oil and gasoline markets appear to be unaffected by the COVID-19 pandemic especially in terms of complexity and stability compared to WTI, Brent, and gas markets. We conclude that the gold market maybe not attractive compared to energy markets for investors and traders during the pandemic. Besides, heating oil and gasoline markets offer interesting investment opportunities during the world economic downturn caused the outbreak of the pandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100343"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T2DM is a common metabolic disease with enormous effects on health worldwide; moreover, the use of phytochemicals as therapeutic compounds has drawn increasing attention. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of these phytochemicals in combating diabetes through a comprehensive evaluation of their interactions with biological networks through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations.
Objectives
The first goal of this study was to search and screen potential phytochemicals for binding with key proteins involved in T2DM, with special emphasis on AKT1 kinase, an integral component of the insulin signaling pathway.
Methods
Network pharmacology analysis was carried out, and the interaction network of targets associated with T2DM was generated using KEGG, STRING and Cytoscape 3.9.1 software's. To determine the specific metabolic processes, cellular compartments, and molecular functions involved in T2DM, we performed Gene Ontology and KEGG analyses. An initial and short molecular docking study was conducted to analyze the binding modes, while the molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into the binding energy and stability of phytochemicals at target sites, with emphasis on rutin engaged with AKT1.
Results
In total, 10 hub genes were proposed to be involved in T2DM and can be considered candidate therapeutic targets, namely MTOR, CASP3, CCND1, TNF, MMP9, ALB, MDM2, AKT1, and HSP90AA1. Rutin was found to have the highest binding score for AKT1 in docking studies, while MD simulations identified the structural stability and persistence of the compound's activity at the target enzyme loci.
Conclusions
This study identified rutin and flavonoids as potential anti-diabetes phytochemicals. Based on these observations, an opportunity for other in vitro experiments and additional in vivo studies to confirm these buildings as multi-target drugs in T2DM patients is provided.
{"title":"Interaction of molecular mechanisms of plant-derived metabolites in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A network pharmacology, docking and molecular dynamics approach on AKT1 kinase","authors":"Ekambaram Gayathiri , Palanisamy Prakash , Somdatta Y. Chaudhari , Sarvesh Sabarathinam , Subramanian Deepika Priyadharshini , Mohammad K. Al-Sadoon , Jithendra Panneerselvam , Soon Woong Chang , Balasubramani Ravindran , Ravishankar Ram Mani","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>T2DM is a common metabolic disease with enormous effects on health worldwide; moreover, the use of phytochemicals as therapeutic compounds has drawn increasing attention. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of these phytochemicals in combating diabetes through a comprehensive evaluation of their interactions with biological networks through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The first goal of this study was to search and screen potential phytochemicals for binding with key proteins involved in T2DM, with special emphasis on AKT1 kinase, an integral component of the insulin signaling pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Network pharmacology analysis was carried out, and the interaction network of targets associated with T2DM was generated using KEGG, STRING and Cytoscape 3.9.1 software's. To determine the specific metabolic processes, cellular compartments, and molecular functions involved in T2DM, we performed Gene Ontology and KEGG analyses. An initial and short molecular docking study was conducted to analyze the binding modes, while the molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into the binding energy and stability of phytochemicals at target sites, with emphasis on rutin engaged with AKT1.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 10 hub genes were proposed to be involved in T2DM and can be considered candidate therapeutic targets, namely MTOR, CASP3, CCND1, TNF, MMP9, ALB, MDM2, AKT1, and HSP90AA1. Rutin was found to have the highest binding score for AKT1 in docking studies, while MD simulations identified the structural stability and persistence of the compound's activity at the target enzyme loci.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study identified rutin and flavonoids as potential anti-diabetes phytochemicals. Based on these observations, an opportunity for other in vitro experiments and additional in vivo studies to confirm these buildings as multi-target drugs in T2DM patients is provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100342
Robinah N. Kulabako , Swaib Semiyaga , Rodney S. Tumwesige , Collin Irumba , Miria I. Opio , Musa Manga , Vianney Tumwesige , Jessica Quintana-Najera , Andrew B. Ross
Water hyacinth (WH), known for its ecotoxicity and economic burden in tropical regions, can play an important role as a lignocellulosic biomass source for biogas production. Co-digesting WH with cow dung (CD) enhances biogas yield but poses challenges like process instability and excessive carbon dioxide production. To improve biogas yield from digestion of WH and CD, this study examined the impact of wood and faecal sludge biochar on the anaerobic co-digestion of CD and WH using a temperature of 37 °C for 40 days. In the controlled laboratory tests, cow dung alone produced the least methane (CH4), but introducing 2 % wood and faecal sludge biochars significantly boosted CH4 production by 76.8 % and 94.0 %, respectively. However, a 50 % CD-50 % WH mixture, the CH4 increase was milder at 20 % and 37 %, respectively. Wood biochar had no significant effect while faecal sludge biochar made a statistically significant impact (P < 0.05). These findings offer a sustainable solution, paving the way for cost-effective and eco-friendly biogas production in regions plagued by this invasive plant. The use of faecal sludge biochar, in particular, has substantial implications for optimizing anaerobic digestion processes and reducing their environmental footprint, thereby promoting a more sustainable approach to managing WH and addressing energy needs in tropical, eutrophic regions.
{"title":"Enhanced biogas production from water hyacinth and cow dung with wood and faecal sludge biochar","authors":"Robinah N. Kulabako , Swaib Semiyaga , Rodney S. Tumwesige , Collin Irumba , Miria I. Opio , Musa Manga , Vianney Tumwesige , Jessica Quintana-Najera , Andrew B. Ross","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water hyacinth (WH), known for its ecotoxicity and economic burden in tropical regions, can play an important role as a lignocellulosic biomass source for biogas production. Co-digesting WH with cow dung (CD) enhances biogas yield but poses challenges like process instability and excessive carbon dioxide production. To improve biogas yield from digestion of WH and CD, this study examined the impact of wood and faecal sludge biochar on the anaerobic co-digestion of CD and WH using a temperature of 37 °C for 40 days. In the controlled laboratory tests, cow dung alone produced the least methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), but introducing 2 % wood and faecal sludge biochars significantly boosted CH<sub>4</sub> production by 76.8 % and 94.0 %, respectively. However, a 50 % CD-50 % WH mixture, the CH<sub>4</sub> increase was milder at 20 % and 37 %, respectively. Wood biochar had no significant effect while faecal sludge biochar made a statistically significant impact (<em>P</em> < 0.05). These findings offer a sustainable solution, paving the way for cost-effective and eco-friendly biogas production in regions plagued by this invasive plant. The use of faecal sludge biochar, in particular, has substantial implications for optimizing anaerobic digestion processes and reducing their environmental footprint, thereby promoting a more sustainable approach to managing WH and addressing energy needs in tropical, eutrophic regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100342"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100340
Sanju John Thomas , Sudhansu S. Sahoo , Sheffy Thomas , Ajith Kumar G , Mohamed M. Awad
Rural electrification is exhaustive, costly, and lacks paybacks while renewable energy interventions are policy-influenced usually taking a top-down approach. The livelihood activities are energy intensive, while specific in nature and requirement. There exists an inherent nexus among rural livelihoods between energy-water-food, which is often not explored., while polygeneration and cogeneration methods can benefit this nexus. Parabolic trough collectors (PTC), heliostats, and Linear Fresnel Reflectors (LFR) are solar concentrators used for high-temperature steam generation. The LFR has the advantage of easy installation, reduced structures, good optical efficiency, flexible designs, and direct steam generation at a temperature range of 80 C - to 400 C, which can be a techno-commercial competitor for evacuated tube collectors (ETC) and PTC. An extensive review of the energy requirement in various rural livelihoods and the potential of solar concentrators with a focus on the PTC and LFR, with their limitation and the advantages are done. While the LFR can match the optical efficiency of the PTC, it is found that the two-phase flow and the entropy generation are the limitations, while easy installations, custom designs, and reduced structures are the advantages over the PTC. The review and comparison have found that there is a difference between the thermal energy produced per mirror area and the land area with respect to PTC and the LFR. Concerning application in the diary industry, it is found that with the modifications in LFR, the thermal energy produced per square meter of land by LFR can be 300 MWh/m2, while the PTC produces 225 MWh / m2 in comparison with 180 MWh /m2. This shows that LFR modifications including reduced receiver height, inclined mirror, and double reflectors can make it the ideal solar collector for rural livelihood applications for low-medium heat requirements.
{"title":"A review on Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR) as a solar line concentrator in polygeneration for low-medium temperature applications among the rural livelihoods","authors":"Sanju John Thomas , Sudhansu S. Sahoo , Sheffy Thomas , Ajith Kumar G , Mohamed M. Awad","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rural electrification is exhaustive, costly, and lacks paybacks while renewable energy interventions are policy-influenced usually taking a top-down approach. The livelihood activities are energy intensive, while specific in nature and requirement. There exists an inherent nexus among rural livelihoods between energy-water-food, which is often not explored., while polygeneration and cogeneration methods can benefit this nexus. Parabolic trough collectors (PTC), heliostats, and Linear Fresnel Reflectors (LFR) are solar concentrators used for high-temperature steam generation. The LFR has the advantage of easy installation, reduced structures, good optical efficiency, flexible designs, and direct steam generation at a temperature range of 80 C - to 400 C, which can be a techno-commercial competitor for evacuated tube collectors (ETC) and PTC. An extensive review of the energy requirement in various rural livelihoods and the potential of solar concentrators with a focus on the PTC and LFR, with their limitation and the advantages are done. While the LFR can match the optical efficiency of the PTC, it is found that the two-phase flow and the entropy generation are the limitations, while easy installations, custom designs, and reduced structures are the advantages over the PTC. The review and comparison have found that there is a difference between the thermal energy produced per mirror area and the land area with respect to PTC and the LFR. Concerning application in the diary industry, it is found that with the modifications in LFR, the thermal energy produced per square meter of land by LFR can be 300 MW<sub>h</sub>/m<sup>2,</sup> while the PTC produces 225 MW<sub>h</sub> / m<sup>2</sup> in comparison with 180 MW<sub>h</sub> /m<sup>2</sup>. This shows that LFR modifications including reduced receiver height, inclined mirror, and double reflectors can make it the ideal solar collector for rural livelihood applications for low-medium heat requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100340"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100339
Pallavi Punia, Sumeet Kumar
Biofuel, a sustainable fuel source, is crucial in the modern day as it reduces reliance on non-renewable energy sources and helps to reduce CO2 emissions. The manufacture of biofuels on a wide scale is a difficult process due to the numerous limitations in current technology and the subsequent rise in expenses. Moreover, the processes employed to transform diverse raw materials into the desired biofuel may differ depending on the particular methodologies and substances utilized. The global demand for bioethanol is growing as countries throughout the world enforce legislation requiring the blending of bioethanol with gasoline. Second-generation bioethanol derived from lignocellulosic biomass is rapidly gaining prominence. The biochemical conversion process has various technical, practical, and economic challenges such as pre-treatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation. Nanoparticles (NPs) offer a highly efficient solution for overcoming current challenges in utilizing biomass, thanks to their selectivity, energy efficiency, and time management capabilities, all while reducing prices. Also, the biotechnological significant advancement in revolutionized the sorghum varieties or strains to enhance the yield of ethanol. This article offers a succinct summary of bioethanol from sweet sorghum feedstock and the progress made in using nanotechnology to produce them, with a specific focus on the enzyme immobilization approach. The text offers an in-depth exploration of how nanotechnology is utilized across ethanol production, with a specific focus on comprehending the process by which enzymes immobilized on nanoparticles interact with lignocellulose to enhance the output of ethanol.
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Pub Date : 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100350
Wesly Jean , Marcel Bursztyn , Elton S. Oliveira , Júlia Lopes , Guadalupe Sátiro , Saulo Rodrigues Filho , Diego Lindoso , Juliana Dalboni Rocha , Daniela Nogueira
Energy security refers to the continuous and reliable access to energy sources at an affordable cost. In rural areas, particularly in Brazil's semi-arid regions, this security is essential for the survival and development of communities. This research analyzes energy security levels and their interfaces with water, food and socioecological security. The nexus+ approach has been used as a theoretical framework. This case study focuses on a settlement of small-scale family farmers in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. An extensive literature review on energy security and energy transition was carried out. Four pilot agri-villages were considered. The methodology of this study employs a multi-criteria analysis using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). This approach supports decision-making across various criteria, both quantitative and qualitative. Additionally, QGIS software was utilized to create thematic maps by categorizing defined classes and using the raster calculator function. To determine the degree of energy security in each agri-village, five classes were defined. Among the scenarios analyzed, the main results indicate that three of the four agro-villages analyzed have very low levels of energy security. Only one of the agri-villages showed a satisfactory level of energy security. These findings are consistent with trends observed in other similar studies in the region. The study concluded that measures involving the use of renewable energies, such as solar energy, can increase energy security. This is crucial for guaranteeing sustainable irrigated agriculture and, as a result, food security, ultimately contributing to improving the family income of socially, economically, and environmentally vulnerable populations.
{"title":"Energy security assessment in rural communities in Brazil: A contribution to public policies","authors":"Wesly Jean , Marcel Bursztyn , Elton S. Oliveira , Júlia Lopes , Guadalupe Sátiro , Saulo Rodrigues Filho , Diego Lindoso , Juliana Dalboni Rocha , Daniela Nogueira","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy security refers to the continuous and reliable access to energy sources at an affordable cost. In rural areas, particularly in Brazil's semi-arid regions, this security is essential for the survival and development of communities. This research analyzes energy security levels and their interfaces with water, food and socioecological security. The <em>nexus+ approach</em> has been used as a theoretical framework. This case study focuses on a settlement of small-scale family farmers in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. An extensive literature review on energy security and energy transition was carried out. Four pilot agri-villages were considered. The methodology of this study employs a multi-criteria analysis using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). This approach supports decision-making across various criteria, both quantitative and qualitative. Additionally, QGIS software was utilized to create thematic maps by categorizing defined classes and using the raster calculator function. To determine the degree of energy security in each agri-village, five classes were defined. Among the scenarios analyzed, the main results indicate that three of the four agro-villages analyzed have very low levels of energy security. Only one of the agri-villages showed a satisfactory level of energy security. These findings are consistent with trends observed in other similar studies in the region. The study concluded that measures involving the use of renewable energies, such as solar energy, can increase energy security. This is crucial for guaranteeing sustainable irrigated agriculture and, as a result, food security, ultimately contributing to improving the family income of socially, economically, and environmentally vulnerable populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100350"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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