The CH Livestock Emission (CH4rLiE) project explores the development of a prototype system for capturing methane emissions in barn environments, offering an alternative approach to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from livestock farming. Methane (CH), with a global warming potential significantly higher than CO (GWP100 = 27), accounts for 23% of anthropogenic climate impact. In 2021, The Assessment Report 6 of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change quantified CH livestock emissions in 123 Mt/yr, which, together with substantial NO and CO emissions, contributed with a 12% to global emissions. Unlike strategies focused on altering animal feed, CH4rLiE investigates post-emission capture using porous materials, such as zeolites, to adsorb methane from barn air. The project draws on CERN’s experience with gas recovery systems for particle detectors, adapting similar technologies to agricultural settings. Preliminary estimates, based on measured CH concentrations (20 mg/m) and partial air filtration in a 250-animal barn, suggest a low but detectable recovery potential, subject to validation through simulation and in-situ testing. Prototype development considers the potential for energy-efficient operation – possibly through pressure swing regeneration – and compatibility with existing ventilation infrastructure, though these aspects remain under evaluation. If methane concentrations in barns prove too diluted, the system may be better suited for environments with higher gas levels, such as pigsties or landfills. NH capture for fertilizer production is planned as a future enhancement. CH4rLiE aims to assess the feasibility of emission recovery in livestock settings without affecting animal welfare, contributing to sustainable farming practices, resource efficiency, and circular bioeconomy goals.
{"title":"Capturing methane in a barn environment: The CH4 Livestock Emission (CH4rLiE) project","authors":"Francesco Alessandro Angiulli , Chiara Aimè , Maria Cristina Arena , Davide Biagini , Alessandro Braghieri , Matteo Brunoldi , Simone Calzaferri , Elio Dinuccio , Daniele Dondi , Linda Finco , Roberto Guida , Nithish Kumar Kameswaran , Beatrice Mandelli , Paolo Montagna , Cristina Riccardi , Paola Salvini , Alessandro Tamigio , Ilaria Vai , Dhanalakshmi Vadivel , Riccardo Verna , Paolo Vitulo","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The CH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> Livestock Emission (CH4rLiE) project explores the development of a prototype system for capturing methane emissions in barn environments, offering an alternative approach to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from livestock farming. Methane (CH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>), with a global warming potential significantly higher than CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> (GWP<sub>100</sub> = 27), accounts for <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>23% of anthropogenic climate impact. In 2021, The Assessment Report 6 of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change quantified CH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> livestock emissions in 123 Mt/yr, which, together with substantial N<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O and CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> emissions, contributed with a 12% to global emissions. Unlike strategies focused on altering animal feed, CH4rLiE investigates post-emission capture using porous materials, such as zeolites, to adsorb methane from barn air. The project draws on CERN’s experience with gas recovery systems for particle detectors, adapting similar technologies to agricultural settings. Preliminary estimates, based on measured CH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> concentrations (<span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>20 mg/m<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>) and partial air filtration in a 250-animal barn, suggest a low but detectable recovery potential, subject to validation through simulation and in-situ testing. Prototype development considers the potential for energy-efficient operation – possibly through pressure swing regeneration – and compatibility with existing ventilation infrastructure, though these aspects remain under evaluation. If methane concentrations in barns prove too diluted, the system may be better suited for environments with higher gas levels, such as pigsties or landfills. NH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> capture for fertilizer production is planned as a future enhancement. CH4rLiE aims to assess the feasibility of emission recovery in livestock settings without affecting animal welfare, contributing to sustainable farming practices, resource efficiency, and circular bioeconomy goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100604"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100596
Edna Rodriguez Calzado , Mariam Arzumanyan, Ning Lin
This paper examines the environmental and logistical implications of incorporating low-carbon intensity hydrogen (LCIH) into the U.S. ethanol production and transportation value chain. We used geospatial analysis, Life Cycle Assessment with GREET 2023, financial analysis with H2A-Lite, and the Heavy-Duty Refueling Station Analysis Model to quantify integration trade-offs. Our findings indicate that the total refueling cost of Hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks ranges from 5.78 – 12.00 per kg of hydrogen, translating to 1.04 – 1.61 per mile distance traveled, compared to 0.63 for diesel trucks. emissions per mile can be reduced to 0.14 – 0.40 kg, down from 1.36 kg with diesel trucks. To facilitate early adoption, we identified 70 refueling station locations in the Midwest, prioritizing proximity to ethanol plants, bulk terminals, and highway intersections, with capital investments varying from 46 – 81 million. Stable demand for hydrogen within the ethanol value chain can drive economies of scale and advance infrastructure development.
{"title":"Potential integration scenarios of low carbon intensity hydrogen in the corn ethanol biofuel value chain in the United States","authors":"Edna Rodriguez Calzado , Mariam Arzumanyan, Ning Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the environmental and logistical implications of incorporating low-carbon intensity hydrogen (LCIH) into the U.S. ethanol production and transportation value chain. We used geospatial analysis, Life Cycle Assessment with GREET 2023, financial analysis with H2A-Lite, and the Heavy-Duty Refueling Station Analysis Model to quantify integration trade-offs. Our findings indicate that the total refueling cost of Hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks ranges from <span><math><mi>$</mi></math></span>5.78 – <span><math><mi>$</mi></math></span>12.00 per kg of hydrogen, translating to <span><math><mi>$</mi></math></span>1.04 – <span><math><mi>$</mi></math></span>1.61 per mile distance traveled, compared to <span><math><mi>$</mi></math></span>0.63 for diesel trucks. <figure><img></figure> emissions per mile can be reduced to 0.14 – 0.40 kg, down from 1.36 kg with diesel trucks. To facilitate early adoption, we identified 70 refueling station locations in the Midwest, prioritizing proximity to ethanol plants, bulk terminals, and highway intersections, with capital investments varying from <span><math><mi>$</mi></math></span>46 – <span><math><mi>$</mi></math></span>81 million. Stable demand for hydrogen within the ethanol value chain can drive economies of scale and advance infrastructure development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100596"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100592
Gilbert Larochelle Martin , Danielle Monfet
This paper presents an approach for integrating crop modelling into building performance simulation (BPS) of controlled environment agriculture (CEA) spaces. A comprehensive review of recent literature on CEA energy modelling using building performance simulation (BPS) software highlighted the need for such integrated capabilities. Leveraging EnergyPlus and the Python application programming interface (API), the proposed approach estimates the hygrothermal (sensible and latent) loads within CEA spaces by applying a fixed-point iteration root-finding algorithm based on the crop-level energy balance. The implementation was verified using data from the literature, enhancing the applicability of BPS tools for simulating the unique environmental conditions of CEA spaces.
{"title":"Toward integrated crop and building simulation for controlled environment agriculture using EnergyPlus","authors":"Gilbert Larochelle Martin , Danielle Monfet","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an approach for integrating crop modelling into building performance simulation (BPS) of controlled environment agriculture (CEA) spaces. A comprehensive review of recent literature on CEA energy modelling using building performance simulation (BPS) software highlighted the need for such integrated capabilities. Leveraging EnergyPlus and the Python application programming interface (API), the proposed approach estimates the hygrothermal (sensible and latent) loads within CEA spaces by applying a fixed-point iteration root-finding algorithm based on the crop-level energy balance. The implementation was verified using data from the literature, enhancing the applicability of BPS tools for simulating the unique environmental conditions of CEA spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100592"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100581
Aleix Fornieles , Maddi Etxegarai , Daniel Gibert , Jordi Planes
The use of Artificial Intelligence techniques has grown rapidly in the field of waste-to- energy, with gasification processes benefiting from their ability to model and optimize syngas production. However, literature specifically focused on Artificial Intelligence applications in waste-to-syngas systems remains fragmented. This article presents a bibliometric analysis that maps the development of Artificial Intelligence driven research in this domain, focusing mainly on prediction tasks. The analysis is based on data extracted from Scopus and Web of Science, filtered through specific criteria to ensure relevance. Results show a clear rise in publications since 2020, with a dominant contribution from China and a strong focus on hydrogen prediction and neural network models. Despite the progress, this study highlights major gaps in real-time control strategies, data standardization, and industrial-scale implementation. These findings point to emerging opportunities in hybrid modeling, explainable Artificial Intelligence, and underexplored feedstocks should guide future research efforts.
人工智能技术在废物转化能源领域的应用迅速发展，气化过程受益于人工智能建模和优化合成气生产的能力。然而，专门关注人工智能在废物制合成气系统中的应用的文献仍然零散。本文提出了一个文献计量分析，描绘了人工智能驱动的研究在这一领域的发展，主要集中在预测任务。该分析基于从Scopus和Web of Science中提取的数据，并通过特定标准过滤以确保相关性。结果显示，自2020年以来，这方面的出版物明显增加，其中中国的贡献占主导地位，并且重点关注氢预测和神经网络模型。尽管取得了进展，但本研究强调了实时控制策略、数据标准化和工业规模实施方面的主要差距。这些发现表明，混合建模、可解释的人工智能和未充分开发的原料方面的新兴机会应该指导未来的研究工作。
{"title":"Bibliometric analysis of artificial intelligence applied to waste-to-syngas","authors":"Aleix Fornieles , Maddi Etxegarai , Daniel Gibert , Jordi Planes","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of Artificial Intelligence techniques has grown rapidly in the field of waste-to- energy, with gasification processes benefiting from their ability to model and optimize syngas production. However, literature specifically focused on Artificial Intelligence applications in waste-to-syngas systems remains fragmented. This article presents a bibliometric analysis that maps the development of Artificial Intelligence driven research in this domain, focusing mainly on prediction tasks. The analysis is based on data extracted from Scopus and Web of Science, filtered through specific criteria to ensure relevance. Results show a clear rise in publications since 2020, with a dominant contribution from China and a strong focus on hydrogen prediction and neural network models. Despite the progress, this study highlights major gaps in real-time control strategies, data standardization, and industrial-scale implementation. These findings point to emerging opportunities in hybrid modeling, explainable Artificial Intelligence, and underexplored feedstocks should guide future research efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100581"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100594
Pablo Roig-Madrid , Miguel Carmona-Cabello , Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno , M.P. Dorado , David Muñoz-Rodriguez
Aromatic seed waste (ASW) has high valorisation potential due to their rich composition. Biorefineries can optimize ASW by extracting valuable aromatic compounds through pyrolysis and gasification, reducing waste and promoting sustainability. This study explores the thermal valorisation of 16 different aromatic seed residues, assessing their potential as a solid fuel and in pyrolysis. Characterization following ISO 18,122 standards showed a moisture content below 10 % (w/w), while ash content varied between 3.13 % and 18.80 % (w/w), exceeding normative limits in some cases. The higher heating value (HHV) ranged from 13.55 to 20.31 MJ/kg, similar to woody and other herbaceous biomass, with higher-density benefits for handling and storage. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) identified two main degradation stages: 30–250 °C, linked to simple carbohydrate decomposition, and 250–500 °C, associated with lignocellulose breakdown. These variations impact combustion and pyrolysis performance. Elemental analysis revealed an H/C ratio between 1.58 and 1.90, when this is greater than 1.7, it indicates better heating value in combustion processes and better bio-oil quality in pyrolysis processes. Volatile content of about 70 % (w/w), these results show a sufficiently high volatile matter content, similar to that of other biomasses, which would improve ignition at low temperatures, making combustion more efficient. This property favours bio-oil production, yielding a product rich in aromatics. The results highlight ASW’s potential as a renewable energy source and its suitability for thermal conversion processes.
{"title":"Thermochemical and elemental characterization of aromatic seed residues for solid biofuel applications in a circular economy context","authors":"Pablo Roig-Madrid , Miguel Carmona-Cabello , Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno , M.P. Dorado , David Muñoz-Rodriguez","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aromatic seed waste (ASW) has high valorisation potential due to their rich composition. Biorefineries can optimize ASW by extracting valuable aromatic compounds through pyrolysis and gasification, reducing waste and promoting sustainability. This study explores the thermal valorisation of 16 different aromatic seed residues, assessing their potential as a solid fuel and in pyrolysis. Characterization following ISO 18,122 standards showed a moisture content below 10 % (w/w), while ash content varied between 3.13 % and 18.80 % (w/w), exceeding normative limits in some cases. The higher heating value (HHV) ranged from 13.55 to 20.31 MJ/kg, similar to woody and other herbaceous biomass, with higher-density benefits for handling and storage. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) identified two main degradation stages: 30–250 °C, linked to simple carbohydrate decomposition, and 250–500 °C, associated with lignocellulose breakdown. These variations impact combustion and pyrolysis performance. Elemental analysis revealed an H/C ratio between 1.58 and 1.90, when this is greater than 1.7, it indicates better heating value in combustion processes and better bio-oil quality in pyrolysis processes. Volatile content of about 70 % (w/w), these results show a sufficiently high volatile matter content, similar to that of other biomasses, which would improve ignition at low temperatures, making combustion more efficient. This property favours bio-oil production, yielding a product rich in aromatics. The results highlight ASW’s potential as a renewable energy source and its suitability for thermal conversion processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100594"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100597
Poria Gomrokchi , Maryam Ghiyasiyan-Arani , Elmuez A. Dawi , Aseel M. Aljeboree , Forat H. Alsultany , Mehdi Shabani-Nooshabadi , Masoud Salavati-Niasari
Hydrothermal manufacturing of manganese vanadate nanostructures in the presence of ligand as capping agent which employed as electrode materials with custom form was achieved. Different settings produced samples with different content, phase purity and shape. Structural properties investigated by XRD, FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, TEM and BET. Activity of electrode materials with various phase purities was compared using the charge-discharge test. The manufactured Mn(VO3)2 (MV2) shows a capacity of 507 mAhg-1 after 20 cycles at a current density of 1 mA. Other synthesized samples MV3 and MV4 with phase content of Mn2V2O7 and Mn(VO3)2 represents capacity in maximum level (20th cycle) 250 and 435 mAhg-1, respectively. So, sample MV2 shows higher electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity which synthesized by assembling nanoparticles to form of small sheets.
{"title":"Schiff base-assisted hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of manganese vanadate with varying phase purity nanostructures as efficient electrode materials for electrochemical hydrogen storage applications","authors":"Poria Gomrokchi , Maryam Ghiyasiyan-Arani , Elmuez A. Dawi , Aseel M. Aljeboree , Forat H. Alsultany , Mehdi Shabani-Nooshabadi , Masoud Salavati-Niasari","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrothermal manufacturing of manganese vanadate nanostructures in the presence of ligand as capping agent which employed as electrode materials with custom form was achieved. Different settings produced samples with different content, phase purity and shape. Structural properties investigated by XRD, FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, TEM and BET. Activity of electrode materials with various phase purities was compared using the charge-discharge test. The manufactured Mn(VO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (MV2) shows a capacity of 507 mAhg<sup>-1</sup> after 20 cycles at a current density of 1 mA. Other synthesized samples MV3 and MV4 with phase content of Mn<sub>2</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> and Mn(VO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> represents capacity in maximum level (20th cycle) 250 and 435 mAhg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. So, sample MV2 shows higher electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity which synthesized by assembling nanoparticles to form of small sheets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100597"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100577
Yehia Ibrahim Alzoubi , Alok Mishra , Ali Aljaafreh
The Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus algorithm has been a foundational element of blockchain technology, designed to establish decentralized security, enable trustless transactions, and ensure tamper-proof record-keeping. Despite the emergence of various other consensus algorithms, PoW remains widely adopted, though it has been criticized for its high resource consumption and inefficiency. Over the past five years, PoW has remained the focus of numerous studies, underscoring its ongoing relevance. Given its sustained use, it is important to examine both the current state and prospects of PoW. This study conducts a thorough literature review of publications indexed in Scopus up to July 2025, tracing the evolution of PoW and its potential trajectory. The analysis indicates that PoW is likely to continue its prominence, particularly in public blockchain applications, in the foreseeable future. However, it's important to note that this study is limited by the availability of research in commonly accessed databases at the time of writing. Future investigations could expand the scope by incorporating additional databases and leveraging the latest developments in this rapidly evolving field.
{"title":"Blockchain based on proof-of-work consensus algorithm: Evolution and future potential","authors":"Yehia Ibrahim Alzoubi , Alok Mishra , Ali Aljaafreh","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus algorithm has been a foundational element of blockchain technology, designed to establish decentralized security, enable trustless transactions, and ensure tamper-proof record-keeping. Despite the emergence of various other consensus algorithms, PoW remains widely adopted, though it has been criticized for its high resource consumption and inefficiency. Over the past five years, PoW has remained the focus of numerous studies, underscoring its ongoing relevance. Given its sustained use, it is important to examine both the current state and prospects of PoW. This study conducts a thorough literature review of publications indexed in Scopus up to July 2025, tracing the evolution of PoW and its potential trajectory. The analysis indicates that PoW is likely to continue its prominence, particularly in public blockchain applications, in the foreseeable future. However, it's important to note that this study is limited by the availability of research in commonly accessed databases at the time of writing. Future investigations could expand the scope by incorporating additional databases and leveraging the latest developments in this rapidly evolving field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100577"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100585
Khadije El Kadi , Sohail Murad , Isam Janajreh
Freeze desalination (FD) has emerged as a promising low-energy alternative to conventional desalination methods, particularly in cold or renewable-energy-integrated environments. However, its efficiency is often hindered by incomplete salt rejection and limited control over crystallization kinetics. This work investigates the influence of an externally applied static electric field on ion transport and ice growth dynamics in saline systems, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Pure water and two saline solution models were explored: a binary NaCl–water system and a multicomponent seawater system containing Na⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, and K⁺, both at an overall salinity of 45 g/L. Under isothermal, no phase change conditions, electric fields enhanced diffusivity via drift and partially aligned water dipoles along the direction of the field, particularly at field strengths exceeding the thermal energy threshold (. At high field strengths (i.e., E ≥ 0.03 V/Å), the diffusivity of Na⁺ in the multicomponent system surpassed that in the binary system due to disrupted Na+-SO42− ion pairing. Ice crystallization analysis of the binary NaCl-water system revealed that electric fields improve salt rejection rates from 88.7 % at no-field to 97 % at 0.03 V/Å, without significantly suppressing crystal growth rates. A dimensionless diffusion metric confirmed that field-induced ion transport dominates over crystallization-driven separation. These findings demonstrate how electric fields can be tuned to enhance FD efficiency, offering broader potential for field-assisted separation technologies.
{"title":"Electric field-assisted freeze desalination: Effects on ion transport, water structure, and ice growth rates","authors":"Khadije El Kadi , Sohail Murad , Isam Janajreh","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freeze desalination (FD) has emerged as a promising low-energy alternative to conventional desalination methods, particularly in cold or renewable-energy-integrated environments. However, its efficiency is often hindered by incomplete salt rejection and limited control over crystallization kinetics. This work investigates the influence of an externally applied static electric field on ion transport and ice growth dynamics in saline systems, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Pure water and two saline solution models were explored: a binary NaCl–water system and a multicomponent seawater system containing Na⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, and K⁺, both at an overall salinity of 45 g/L. Under isothermal, no phase change conditions, electric fields enhanced diffusivity via drift and partially aligned water dipoles along the direction of the field, particularly at field strengths exceeding the thermal energy threshold (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mi>B</mi></msub><mrow><mi>T</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>. At high field strengths (i.e., <em>E</em> ≥ 0.03 V/Å), the diffusivity of Na⁺ in the multicomponent system surpassed that in the binary system due to disrupted Na<sup>+</sup>-SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> ion pairing. Ice crystallization analysis of the binary NaCl-water system revealed that electric fields improve salt rejection rates from 88.7 % at no-field to 97 % at 0.03 V/Å, without significantly suppressing crystal growth rates. A dimensionless diffusion metric confirmed that field-induced ion transport dominates over crystallization-driven separation. These findings demonstrate how electric fields can be tuned to enhance FD efficiency, offering broader potential for field-assisted separation technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100585"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Identifying a suitable production system is crucial for ensuring long-term food security and climate resilience in the North Eastern Himalayas of India. Thus, the field experiment on organic, inorganic, and integrated nutrient management (INM) was evaluated to assess its impact on productivity, profitability, and sustainability under raised and sunken beds (RSB). In sunken beds, Lampnah produced the highest grain (4.23 Mg ha-1) and protein yield (330 kg ha-1). While, in raised beds, the okra-carrot system with INM showed the highest system productivity and sustainable yield index (SYI). Further, the highest net return (857 $ ha-1) was recorded in Lampnah, and 100 % organic had a 5.56–6.52 % grater return than the others. Similarly, in raised beds had the highest production cost was incurred in the okra-potato system (1394 $ ha-1), while okra-carrot and INM systems showed the highest net returns (4885 $ ha-1 and 4477 $ ha-1, respectively). Likewise, the energy use efficiency (EUE), and energy output (EO) were highest in 75 %, and 100 % organic systems in sunken beds, and in okra-carrot and 100 % organic systems in raised beds. Further, 100 % organic treatments also improved the soil organic carbon (SOC) along with a greater carbon sustainability index (CSI), and carbon use efficiency (CUE). Thus, the study clearly demonstrates that, the integration of organic, and INM under RSB improves productivity, profitability, carbon storage, and environmental sustainability, contributing to food security in the North Eastern Himalayas.
确定合适的生产系统对于确保印度喜马拉雅山脉东北部的长期粮食安全和气候适应能力至关重要。因此，通过田间试验，评价了有机、无机和综合营养管理（INM）对隆升床和下沉床（RSB）下生产力、盈利能力和可持续性的影响。在凹陷床中，灯兰籽粒最高（4.23 Mg ha-1），蛋白质产量最高（330 kg ha-1）。而在垄作中，施用INM的秋葵-胡萝卜体系表现出最高的系统生产力和可持续产量指数（SYI）。此外，lamnah的净回报率最高（857美元/公顷），100%有机的回报率比其他品种高5.56 - 6.52%。同样，在垄作床中，秋葵-马铃薯系统的生产成本最高（1394美元每公顷），而秋葵-胡萝卜和INM系统的净收益最高（分别为4885美元每公顷和4477美元每公顷）。同样，75%和100%有机系统的能量利用效率（EUE）和能量输出（EO）最高，秋葵-胡萝卜和100%有机系统的能量输出（EO）最高。此外，100%有机处理还提高了土壤有机碳（SOC），提高了土壤碳可持续性指数（CSI）和碳利用效率（CUE）。因此，研究清楚地表明，在RSB下，有机和INM的整合提高了生产力、盈利能力、碳储量和环境可持续性，有助于东北喜马拉雅地区的粮食安全。
{"title":"Identification of the productive, economically sound, and energy-cum-carbon efficient system for higher agricultural sustainability in the North Eastern Himalayas","authors":"Niraj Biswakarma , Jayanta Layek , Badapmain Makdoh , Anup Das , N.C. Gulleibi , R.R. Zhiipao , Rahul Saikia , Somanath Nayak , Khanindra Baishya , N. Ravishankar , Sandip Patra , Koushik Bag , Samarendra Hazarika","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying a suitable production system is crucial for ensuring long-term food security and climate resilience in the North Eastern Himalayas of India. Thus, the field experiment on organic, inorganic, and integrated nutrient management (INM) was evaluated to assess its impact on productivity, profitability, and sustainability under raised and sunken beds (RSB). In sunken beds, Lampnah produced the highest grain (4.23 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>) and protein yield (330 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>). While, in raised beds, the okra-carrot system with INM showed the highest system productivity and sustainable yield index (SYI). Further, the highest net return (857 $ ha<sup>-1</sup>) was recorded in Lampnah, and 100 % organic had a 5.56–6.52 % grater return than the others. Similarly, in raised beds had the highest production cost was incurred in the okra-potato system (1394 $ ha<sup>-1</sup>), while okra-carrot and INM systems showed the highest net returns (4885 $ ha<sup>-1</sup> and 4477 $ ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively). Likewise, the energy use efficiency (EUE), and energy output (EO) were highest in 75 %, and 100 % organic systems in sunken beds, and in okra-carrot and 100 % organic systems in raised beds. Further, 100 % organic treatments also improved the soil organic carbon (SOC) along with a greater carbon sustainability index (CSI), and carbon use efficiency (CUE). Thus, the study clearly demonstrates that, the integration of organic, and INM under RSB improves productivity, profitability, carbon storage, and environmental sustainability, contributing to food security in the North Eastern Himalayas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100574"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100557
Manish Khanra , Shashank Deepak Prabhu , Martin Wietschel
As hard-to-abate transport sectors, aviation and maritime are major CO emitters for which decarbonisation is particularly difficult to achieve. Meaningful emission cuts depend on the uptake of emerging low-carbon propulsion technologies. Therefore, understanding their diffusion and the associated energy demand is vital for achieving long-term climate goals. This study estimates the future propulsion fuel demand for German-registered aviation fleets and the bunkering fuel demand for maritime fleets by simulating the adoption of emerging technologies within a data-driven, agent-based diffusion model. The analysis considered fleet age, technology readiness, infrastructure availability, and regulatory measures. The decision-making framework for technology adoption was modelled using utility maximisation, where both economic and environmental utilities contributed to an overall utility score. This study examined two future scenarios for technology adoption. In the first scenario, investment decisions were primarily driven by economic utility, whereas in the second, an accelerated scenario emphasised on environmental considerations. Both scenarios were evaluated against a baseline scenario of continued use of existing technologies. Under Scenario 2, CO emissions in aviation reduced by 82%, and by 15% in maritime by 2050, relative to the baseline. However, these reductions demanded significantly higher electricity, primarily due to the production of fuels like hydrogen and synthetic fuels. By 2050, electricity demand for decarbonising the fleet portfolio is projected to rise to 80 TWh, while maritime demand remains stable at approximately 35 TWh.
{"title":"Estimating energy demand for decarbonising the aviation and maritime fleets of Germany: An agent-based technology diffusion approach considering investment behaviour","authors":"Manish Khanra , Shashank Deepak Prabhu , Martin Wietschel","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As hard-to-abate transport sectors, aviation and maritime are major CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> emitters for which decarbonisation is particularly difficult to achieve. Meaningful emission cuts depend on the uptake of emerging low-carbon propulsion technologies. Therefore, understanding their diffusion and the associated energy demand is vital for achieving long-term climate goals. This study estimates the future propulsion fuel demand for German-registered aviation fleets and the bunkering fuel demand for maritime fleets by simulating the adoption of emerging technologies within a data-driven, agent-based diffusion model. The analysis considered fleet age, technology readiness, infrastructure availability, and regulatory measures. The decision-making framework for technology adoption was modelled using utility maximisation, where both economic and environmental utilities contributed to an overall utility score. This study examined two future scenarios for technology adoption. In the first scenario, investment decisions were primarily driven by economic utility, whereas in the second, an accelerated scenario emphasised on environmental considerations. Both scenarios were evaluated against a baseline scenario of continued use of existing technologies. Under Scenario 2, CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> emissions in aviation reduced by 82%, and by 15% in maritime by 2050, relative to the baseline. However, these reductions demanded significantly higher electricity, primarily due to the production of fuels like hydrogen and synthetic fuels. By 2050, electricity demand for decarbonising the fleet portfolio is projected to rise to 80 TWh, while maritime demand remains stable at approximately 35 TWh.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100557"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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