Energy nexus最新文献_第2页

pH shift extraction technique for plant proteins: A promising technique for sustainable development 植物蛋白质的 pH 值偏移萃取技术：一种有希望实现可持续发展的技术

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100329

Zainab Sultan , Alweera Ashfaq , Kausar Jahan , Ovais Shafiq Qadri , Kaiser Younis , Owais Yousuf

With the recognition of animal-derived foods as unhealthy and their association with climate change, researchers are increasingly focusing on plant-based protein as a sustainable alternative. Plant proteins offer versatile functional and dietary benefits, making them suitable for various food applications. This study investigates the influence of alkaline and acidic pH conditions on the extraction yield and the functional and nutritional properties of plant-based proteins. The primary sources of plant protein include cereals, legumes, and oilseeds, which can be used to address essential amino acid deficiencies through blending. Several methods have been employed for protein extraction from plant sources, such as salt extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and micellar precipitation. Among these techniques, the pH shift method stands out due to its non-thermal nature, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. In this method, proteins are solubilized at alkaline pH and then precipitated at their isoelectric point, resulting in a collection of protein precipitate. It is crucial to optimize extraction techniques based on qualitative and quantitative analysis to enhance protein yield, characteristics, and nutritional value. Most conventional protein extraction methods require a large quantity of chemicals, which imposes the issue of safe disposal, compromising environmental sustainability. Traditional methods also produce protein with non-proteinaceous constituents, adding another purification step and resulting in increased overall cost. However, the pH shift method utilizes comparatively less harsh chemicals and has a high protein extraction yield, which makes it comparatively more environmentally and economically sustainable. The sustainable extraction of plant-based proteins addresses the health and environmental concerns associated with animal-derived foods and offers a promising solution to promote sustainability in the food industry.

随着人们认识到动物源性食品不健康并与气候变化有关，研究人员越来越关注植物性蛋白质，将其作为一种可持续的替代品。植物蛋白具有多种功能和膳食益处，因此适用于各种食品应用。本研究探讨了碱性和酸性 pH 条件对植物蛋白提取率以及功能和营养特性的影响。植物蛋白的主要来源包括谷物、豆类和油籽，可通过混合来解决必需氨基酸缺乏的问题。从植物来源中提取蛋白质有多种方法，如盐提取法、微波辅助提取法、超声辅助提取法和胶束沉淀法。在这些技术中，pH 值转换法因其非热性质、可持续性和成本效益而脱颖而出。在这种方法中，蛋白质在碱性 pH 值下被溶解，然后在其等电点处沉淀，从而收集蛋白质沉淀。根据定性和定量分析优化提取技术对提高蛋白质产量、特性和营养价值至关重要。大多数传统的蛋白质提取方法都需要大量的化学物质，这就带来了安全处置的问题，影响了环境的可持续发展。传统方法还会产生含有非蛋白成分的蛋白质，增加了另一个纯化步骤，导致总体成本增加。然而，pH 值转换法使用的刺激性化学品相对较少，蛋白质提取率高，因此在环境和经济上更具可持续性。植物蛋白的可持续提取解决了与动物源性食品相关的健康和环境问题，为促进食品工业的可持续发展提供了一个前景广阔的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Optimal rule-based energy management and sizing of a grid-connected renewable energy microgrid with hybrid storage using Levy Flight Algorithm 利用列维飞行算法优化基于规则的能源管理和带混合储能的并网可再生能源微电网规模

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100333

Babangida Modu , Md Pauzi Abdullah , Abdulrahman Alkassem , Mukhtar Fatihu Hamza

The study addresses the integration of hybrid hydrogen (

H_{2}

) and battery (BT) energy storage systems into a renewable energy microgrid comprising solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) systems. The research problem focuses on improving the effectiveness and computational efficiency of energy management systems (EMS) while ensuring high system reliability. Despite the existing optimization methods for hybrid microgrids, challenges remain in optimizing energy storage and capacity planning in grid-connected microgrids. To solve this, we propose the use of the Levy Flight Algorithm (LFA) to optimize the capacities of PV, WT,

H_{2}

tanks, electrolyzers (EL), fuel cells (FC), and BT, which presents a complex nonlinear optimization challenge. The novelty of this study lies in integrating the LFA with a rule-based EMS, enhancing system reliability and efficiency. The proposed approach significantly reduces the annualized system cost (ASC) and the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). The result demonstrate that the LFA outperforms methods like the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA), yielding cost savings of $3,309, $5,297, $4,484, and $5,129 respectively. The LFA achieves the lowest LCOE at $0.275/kWh, compared to $0.278/kWh with SSA, $0.289/kWh with GA, $0.280/kWh with PSO and $0.283/kWh with GWO. This research contributes to the broader scientific community by providing a more efficient approach to optimizing renewable energy microgrids with hybrid storage systems, thus promoting eco-friendly and cost-effective energy solutions. The proposed system design offers a pathway to future energy systems with high renewable integration, especially as technology advances and costs continue to decrease.

本研究探讨了将氢气（H2）和电池（BT）混合储能系统集成到由太阳能光伏（PV）和风力涡轮机（WT）系统组成的可再生能源微电网中的问题。研究问题的重点是提高能源管理系统（EMS）的有效性和计算效率，同时确保系统的高可靠性。尽管已有针对混合微电网的优化方法，但在优化并网微电网的储能和容量规划方面仍存在挑战。为了解决这个问题，我们建议使用列维飞行算法（LFA）来优化光伏、风电、H2 储能罐、电解槽（EL）、燃料电池（FC）和 BT 的容量，这是一个复杂的非线性优化挑战。本研究的新颖之处在于将 LFA 与基于规则的 EMS 相集成，从而提高了系统的可靠性和效率。所提出的方法大大降低了年化系统成本（ASC）和平准化能源成本（LCOE）。结果表明，LFA 优于 Salp Swarm 算法 (SSA)、粒子群优化 (PSO)、灰狼优化 (GWO) 和遗传算法 (GA)，分别节约成本 3,309 美元、5,297 美元、4,484 美元和 5,129 美元。LFA 的 LCOE 最低，为 0.275 美元/千瓦时，而 SSA 为 0.278 美元/千瓦时，GA 为 0.289 美元/千瓦时，PSO 为 0.280 美元/千瓦时，GWO 为 0.283 美元/千瓦时。这项研究为优化带混合存储系统的可再生能源微电网提供了一种更有效的方法，从而促进了生态友好型和高成本效益型能源解决方案的发展，为更广泛的科学界做出了贡献。拟议的系统设计为未来可再生能源高度集成的能源系统提供了一条途径，特别是随着技术的进步和成本的不断降低。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production from python fat oil using response surface methodology 利用响应面方法优化蟒蛇脂肪油的超声波辅助生物柴油生产

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100331

Em Canh Pham , Dat Van Nguyen

Diversification of oil feedstocks for biodiesel production is very necessary to reduce dependence on traditional vegetable oils and animal fats. Therefore, a conventional and ultrasound-assisted single-step transesterification process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) for biodiesel production from a novel feedstock python fat oil (PFO). Second-order polynomial models of the conventional (CM) and ultrasound-assisted (USM) methods were used to predict the biodiesel yield, and the coefficient of determination (R²) was found to be at 0.9946, and 0.9873, respectively. The optimal biodiesel yield of USM calculated from the model is 99.12 % with the following reaction conditions: PFO/methanol ratio of 33.77 wt%, PFO/KOH ratio of 1.05 wt%, and reaction time of 128.53 min. Biodiesel yield results under optimal conditions have demonstrated that the regression models are consistent with experimental data. Besides, the biodiesel yield of USM (98.90 %) was significantly higher than that of CM (92.73 %). In particular, the properties of PFO biodiesel produced under optimal conditions were found to agree with EN 14,214 standard specifications. In summary, single-step biodiesel production from the PFO new feedstock with USM can be commendably used to engender and adopt a more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy approach.

为减少对传统植物油和动物脂肪的依赖，生物柴油生产的油料多样化是非常必要的。因此，采用响应面方法（RSM）对传统和超声波辅助单步酯交换工艺进行了优化，以利用新型原料蟒蛇脂肪油（PFO）生产生物柴油。采用传统方法（CM）和超声辅助方法（USM）的二阶多项式模型预测生物柴油产量，发现决定系数（R2）分别为 0.9946 和 0.9873。在以下反应条件下，根据模型计算得出的 USM 最佳生物柴油产率为 99.12%：PFO/ 甲醇比率为 33.77 wt%，PFO/KOH 比率为 1.05 wt%，反应时间为 128.53 分钟。最佳条件下的生物柴油产量结果表明，回归模型与实验数据一致。此外，USM 的生物柴油收率（98.90%）明显高于 CM 的生物柴油收率（92.73%）。特别是，在最佳条件下生产的 PFO 生物柴油的特性符合 EN 14,214 标准规范。总之，利用 USM 从 PFO 新原料中一步法生产生物柴油，可促进和采用更可持续、更环保的能源方法。

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引用次数: 0

“Chacco” clay from the Peruvian highlands as a potential adsorbent of heavy metals in water 秘鲁高原的 "Chacco "粘土作为水中重金属的潜在吸附剂

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100330

Celia Choquenaira-Quispe , José A. Villanueva-Salas , Harry R. Yucra-Condori , Sheyla J. Angulo Vargas , Karen Rojas Tamata , Elvis G. Gonzales-Condori

This research aimed to remove Cd (II), Cr (VI), Ni (II), Pb (II), and V (V) from aqueous solutions prepared in distilled water using “Chacco” clay from the Peruvian highlands as adsorbent. The adsorption process was carried out in Batch type systems for 120 min using solutions of each metal at a concentration of 5 mg/L in aqueous systems of a single metal or monometallic (MAS) and solutions of the five metals simultaneously or multimetallic (MMAS). For this purpose, the “Chacco” clay was first characterized by SEM-EDS analysis, finding a laminated clay structure with an elemental composition of C, Al, Fe, Na, Mg, Ca, K, As, Cu, Pd, O, and Ta. The results using 10 g/L of “Chacco” clay showed that the best adsorption efficiency in both MAS and MMAS aqueous systems is achieved at pH = 4 achieving in MAS aqueous systems the removal of 64.16 ± 0.98 % of Cd (II), 95.70 ± 0.81 % of Cr (VI), 97.20 ± 0.89 % of Ni (II), 92. 78 ± 0.79 % of Pb (II), and 95.80 ± 0.67 % of V (V), on the other hand, in aqueous MMAS systems a decrease in adsorption efficiency was observed, managing to remove 6.88 ± 0.53 % of Cd (II), 63.04 ± 0.94 of Cr (VI), 7.81 ± 0.43 % of Ni (II), 62.34 ± 0.77 % Pb (II), and 14.33 ± 0.56 % of V (V). The kinetic study showed that the adsorption mechanism would correspond to chemisorption since the process fitted best to the pseudo-second order model and Elovich. SEM-EDS analysis after adsorption confirmed the presence of the heavy metals under study in the “Chacco” clay. Metal adsorption is evidenced at 1418 cm⁻¹ by -CH₂-metal deformation vibrations according to FTIR analysis. In conclusion, the “Chacco” clay would be a promising adsorbent of heavy metals in polluted waters so that scaling up to real environments could be feasible. On the other hand, the “Chacco” clay is consumed by the population of Puno, Peru, therefore its potential impact on health should be evaluated due to its capacity to accumulate metals and the presence of Al in this clay.

本研究旨在使用秘鲁高原的 "Chacco "粘土作为吸附剂，去除蒸馏水水溶液中的镉 (II)、铬 (VI)、镍 (II)、铅 (II) 和钒 (V)。吸附过程在间歇式系统中进行，时间为 120 分钟，在水溶液系统中使用浓度为 5 毫克/升的每种金属溶液，包括单一金属或单金属（MAS）溶液和五种金属同时存在的溶液或多金属（MMAS）溶液。为此，首先通过 SEM-EDS 分析对 "Chacco "粘土进行了表征，发现其具有层状粘土结构，元素组成包括 C、Al、Fe、Na、Mg、Ca、K、As、Cu、Pd、O 和 Ta。使用 10 克/升 "Chacco "粘土的研究结果表明，在 MAS 和 MMAS 水系统中，pH = 4 时的吸附效率最高，在 MAS 水系统中，镉（II）的去除率为 64.16 ± 0.98%，铬（VI）的去除率为 95.70 ± 0.81%，镍（II）的去除率为 97.20 ± 0.89%，钯（VI）的去除率为 92.78 ± 0.79%。78 ± 0.79 % 的铅（II）和 95.80 ± 0.67 % 的Ⅴ（V）；另一方面，在水性 MMAS 系统中，吸附效率有所下降，只能去除 6.88 ± 0.53 % 的镉（II）、63.04 ± 0.94 % 的铬（VI）、7.81 ± 0.43 % 的镍（II）、62.34 ± 0.77 % 的铅（II）和 14.33 ± 0.56 % 的Ⅴ（V）。动力学研究表明，由于吸附过程最符合伪二阶模型和埃洛维奇模型，因此吸附机理与化学吸附相对应。吸附后的 SEM-EDS 分析证实了 "Chacco "粘土中存在所研究的重金属。根据傅立叶变换红外分析，在 1418 cm-1 处的-CH2-金属变形振动证明了金属吸附。总之，"Chacco "粘土有望成为污染水体中重金属的吸附剂，因此将其推广到实际环境中是可行的。另一方面，秘鲁普诺的居民食用 "Chacco "粘土，因此应评估其对健康的潜在影响，因为这种粘土具有积累金属的能力，而且还含有铝。

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引用次数: 0

Synergetic effect of Fe2O3 and Na2WO4 piezo catalyst to remove pharmaceuticals waste in water Fe2O3 和 Na2WO4 压电催化剂去除水中药物废物的协同效应

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100332

Hawta K. Abdullah , Sangar S. Ahmed , Omid Amiri , Muhammad H. Khalil , Savana J. Ismael , Nabaz A. Abdulrahman , Karim A. Younis , Karwan M Rahman , Mika Sillanpää

High efficiency and stability are two crucial factors in piezocatalysis reactions. In this research, the efficiency of Fe₂O₃ piezo catalysts significantly increased by coupling it with Na₂WO₄. Results indicate that Fe₂O₃ and Na₂WO₄ have a synergetic effect on the degradation of Amoxicillin (AMX), with Fe₂O₃/Na₂WO₄ degrading 88 % of AMX in the same conditions that pure Fe₂O₃ and Na₂WO₄ degrade only 42 % and 20.6 %, respectively. The degradation efficiency of Fe₂O₃ was improved by 114 % when it was coupled with Na₂WO₄. Fe₂O₃/Na₂WO₄ piezo catalyst was successfully used in 8 cycles while it keeps almost 85 % of its efficiency which indicates the stability of prepared piezo catalysts. Studying the mechanism of degradation by Fe₂O₃/Na₂WO₄ revealed that superoxide free radicals have a critical function in the decomposition of AMX. The kinetic study also indicates that at lower temperatures, the reaction follows a first-order reaction.

高效和稳定是压电催化反应的两个关键因素。在这项研究中，Fe2O3 压电催化剂与 Na2WO4 的耦合使其效率显著提高。结果表明，Fe2O3 和 Na2WO4 对阿莫西林（AMX）的降解具有协同作用，在相同条件下，Fe2O3/Na2WO4 对 AMX 的降解率为 88%，而纯 Fe2O3 和 Na2WO4 对 AMX 的降解率分别只有 42% 和 20.6%。当 Fe2O3 与 Na2WO4 结合使用时，降解效率提高了 114%。Fe2O3/Na2WO4 压电催化剂成功使用了 8 个循环，其效率几乎保持在 85%，这表明所制备的压电催化剂非常稳定。对 Fe2O3/Na2WO4 降解机理的研究表明，超氧自由基在 AMX 的分解过程中起着关键作用。动力学研究还表明，在较低温度下，反应遵循一阶反应。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated Python and GIS approach for Geomorphometric investigation of Man River Basin, Western Madhya Pradesh, India 印度中央邦西部曼河流域地貌调查的 Python 和 GIS 集成方法

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100328

Ankit Kailashi Rathore , Shafia Khan , Pramod K Verma

The Narmada Valley and adjoining region are considered to be tectonically active. The Dhar Lineament is a major zone of fracture North of Narmada River running nearly parallel to Narmada Valley. The Man River Basin spreads across the Dhar Lineament and extends up to the Narmada Lineament. The present study attempts to understand the characteristics and development of the valley of Man River. The high-resolution satellite images, GIS software, and Python program have been used for this study. The nature and characteristics of Man River Valley are quite different on either side of the Dhar Lineament. For micro-level analysis the Man Basin has been divided into 37 subbasins and their geomorphometric indices have been computed and correlated. The results indicate that in the development of Man Basin the Dhar lineament has played a crucial role. The subparallel, angular, tight meanders, and contorted streams are present in drainage. The bifurcation ratio ranges between 2 and 9, the average length of higher-order is less than the average length of lower-order for 13 subbasins, and elongated sub-basins are situated in low-lying gentle plane areas. The Drainage characteristics are largely controlled by various sets of fractures (NE-SW, NW-SE, E-W, and N-S). The anomalous behavior of parameters indicates the tectonic influence in the Man Basin development.

纳尔马达河谷及毗邻地区被认为是构造活跃的地区。达尔线是纳尔马达河以北的一个主要断裂带，几乎与纳尔马达河谷平行。曼河盆地横跨达勒断裂带，一直延伸到纳尔马达断裂带。本研究试图了解曼河流域的特征和发展情况。本研究使用了高分辨率卫星图像、地理信息系统软件和 Python 程序。达拉线两侧曼河流域的性质和特征截然不同。为了进行微观分析，曼河流域被划分为 37 个子流域，并对其地貌指数进行了计算和关联。结果表明，在曼盆地的发展过程中，达达线起到了至关重要的作用。排水系统中存在近平行、有角度、紧密蜿蜒和扭曲的溪流。分叉率在 2 到 9 之间，13 个子盆地的高阶平均长度小于低阶平均长度，拉长的子盆地位于低洼平缓地区。排水特征在很大程度上受各组断裂（NE-SW、NW-SE、E-W 和 N-S）的控制。这些参数的异常行为表明，芒盆地的发展受到了构造的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Cost-benefit analysis of implementing a solar powered water pumping system – A case study 实施太阳能水泵系统的成本效益分析 - 案例研究

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100323

Anjay Kumar Mishra , J.S. Sudarsan , C.R. Suribabu , G. Murali

Solar-powered water driving scheme (SPWDS) has been successfully employed as a practical solution to guarantee reliable water supply in various hilly regions without electrical infrastructure. The Water Supply Systems / Schemes (WSS) focus on using pumping systems for delivering potable water to the community but face practical difficulties and financial hurdles at different implementation stages. These challenges encompass the practical complexities, the absence of non-renewable energy sources, and ongoing expenses for consumable and non-consumable items incurred during the water project's execution and maintenance. The present research study evaluates the performance of four water supply systems in Nepal which use solar energy as their primary power source. The key performance indicators are assessed, including the functionality index for facility distribution. Additionally, the research aims to evaluate the feasibility of transitioning from non-renewable to sustainable renewable energy source to achieve net zero energy consumption. This evaluation concentrates explicitly on calculating the cost-effectiveness index as a key metric. A proportional analysis is undertaken to evaluate the cost-benefit of the SPWDS, considering both the potential advantages and challenges associated with these initiatives. The present study affirms the technical feasibility and economic viability of operating a WSS using renewable and eco-friendly solar energy as the power source. This finding opens avenues for reducing energy consumption and contributes significantly to developing a policy framework to for tapping solar energy.

太阳能供水系统（SPWDS）作为一种实用的解决方案，已成功应用于没有电力基础设施的丘陵地区，以保证可靠的供水。供水系统/计划（WSS）的重点是利用水泵系统为社区提供饮用水，但在不同的实施阶段都面临着实际困难和资金障碍。这些挑战包括实际操作的复杂性、不可再生能源的缺乏，以及供水项目实施和维护过程中产生的消耗品和非消耗品的持续支出。本研究评估了尼泊尔四个以太阳能为主要能源的供水系统的性能。对关键性能指标进行了评估，包括设施分布的功能指数。此外，研究还旨在评估从不可再生能源过渡到可持续可再生能源的可行性，以实现净零能耗。该评估明确将成本效益指数作为关键指标进行计算。考虑到与这些举措相关的潜在优势和挑战，进行了比例分析，以评估 SPWDS 的成本效益。本研究证实了利用可再生、环保的太阳能作为动力源运行供水系统的技术可行性和经济可行性。这一发现为减少能源消耗开辟了道路，并为制定开发太阳能的政策框架做出了重大贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Mediating role of energy uncertainty for environmental management in electricity generation: The evidence from Pakistan 能源不确定性对发电环境管理的中介作用：巴基斯坦的证据

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100327

Muhammad Shahbaz , Bekhzod Kuziboev , Kamil Pícha , Ilyos Abdullaev , Leon Moise Minani , Sharifa Jumaniyazova

This groundbreaking study examines the relationship between CO2 intensity, aggregated and disaggregated fossil fuels, clean and nuclear energy, and, as a mediating variable, energy uncertainty for Pakistan during 2019M01 and 2022M10 with monthly data. To this end, the ARDL Bound Testing method is used to identify the long-run relationship of the studied factors. The empirical results suggest that under the mediating effect of energy uncertainty, renewables and nuclear energy in electricity generation have a negative association with CO2 intensity. In contrast, fossil fuels in generating electricity influence positively CO2 intensity in the aggregated analysis. Moreover, the disaggregated results under the mediating role of energy uncertainty reveal that only hydro energy reduces CO2 intensity as renewables, bioenergy, wind, and solar energy do not impact CO2 intensity. Both coal and gas energies cause a rise in CO2 intensity. Regarding nuclear energy, it also has a negative relation with CO2 intensity. The increase in energy uncertainty leads to a fall in CO2 intensity in aggregated and disaggregated analyses as well. Wavelet coherence analysis shows that CO2 intensity and energy uncertainty depend on each other dynamically for almost the whole employed period.

这项开创性的研究利用月度数据，研究了巴基斯坦 2019M01 和 2022M10 期间的二氧化碳强度、化石燃料总量和分类、清洁能源和核能，以及作为中介变量的能源不确定性之间的关系。为此，采用 ARDL 约束检验法来确定所研究因素的长期关系。实证结果表明，在能源不确定性的中介效应下，可再生能源和核能发电与二氧化碳强度呈负相关。相比之下，化石燃料发电在总量分析中对二氧化碳强度有正向影响。此外，能源不确定性中介作用下的分类结果显示，只有水能降低了二氧化碳强度，而可再生能源、生物能、风能和太阳能对二氧化碳强度没有影响。煤炭和天然气能源都会导致二氧化碳浓度上升。核能也与二氧化碳强度呈负相关。在综合和分类分析中，能源不确定性的增加也会导致二氧化碳强度的下降。小波相干性分析表明，几乎在整个使用期间，二氧化碳强度和能源不确定性都是动态相互依存的。

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引用次数: 0

River water heat pumps to decarbonise district heating and promote the resilience of hydrosystems: Technico-economic, environmental and sociological challenges 利用河水热泵实现区域供热的低碳化并提高水系的复原力：技术经济、环境和社会学挑战

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100325

Marc Clausse , Frédéric Lefèvre , Yoann Jovet , Antoine Fontaine , Laurence Rocher , Nicolas Rivière , Louis Gostiaux , Emmanuel Mignot , Ivana Vinkovic , Sara Puijalon

The interdependence between water and energy (water-energy nexus) has been identified as one of the major challenges at European level, with roadmaps calling for the development of integrated approaches in this sector. The increase in river temperature is at the heart of this nexus, with anthropogenic thermal pollution adding to the effect of global warming. River Water Heat Pumps can play a major role by decarbonising district heating network (DHN) while actively cooling the aquatic resource. Hence, the objective of this short communication is to identify the scientific challenges to be met and the progress to be achieved considering the current state of the art. To illustrate the point, a rapid evaluation of the potential is performed for the city of Lyon in France resulting in an achievable cooling of ∼1.5 K which is above the minimum threshold to see an effect on aquatic ecosystem while the CO₂ savings are significant for the DHN (∼ divided by a factor of 10). Because of its holistic nature, the impact assessment of such a system implies considering a wide diversity of indicators: energy, environmental, economics and sociological that need to be appropriately defined and quantified. In each field, progress beyond the state of the art to be performed has been identified, e.g. 4E analysis, cold water plume dispersion, integration of biodiversity in LCA.

水与能源之间的相互依存关系（水-能源关系）已被确定为欧洲面临的主要挑战之一，路线图呼吁在这一领域制定综合方法。河流温度的升高是这一关系的核心，人为热污染加剧了全球变暖的影响。河水热泵可以发挥重要作用，在积极冷却水资源的同时，实现区域供热网络（DHN）的低碳化。因此，这篇短文的目的是根据目前的技术水平，确定需要应对的科学挑战和需要取得的进展。为了说明这一点，我们对法国里昂市的潜力进行了快速评估，结果显示可实现的降温幅度为 1.5 K，高于对水生生态系统产生影响的最低阈值，同时 DHN 可显著减少二氧化碳排放量（∼除以 10 倍）。由于该系统的整体性，对其影响的评估需要考虑能源、环境、经济和社会学等多方面的指标，并对其进行适当的定义和量化。在每个领域，都已确定了在现有技术基础上取得的进展，如 4E 分析、冷水羽流扩散、将生物多样性纳入生命周期评估等。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrothermal Co-liquefaction of Cellulose and Polypropylene using Co-solvents 使用共溶剂对纤维素和聚丙烯进行水热共液化反应

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100324

Danam Mahesh , S. Harisankar , Rajnish Kumar , R. Vinu

Hydrothermal co-liquefaction of feedstocks that decompose in widely different temperature regimes is a promising strategy to convert thermally stable olefinic plastics at sub-critical conditions by utilizing the synergetic interactions between the intermediates generated from biopolymers and synthetic polymers. In this study, cellulose and polypropylene (PP) are co-liquefied, and the effects of temperature (300–350 °C), residence time (15–45 min), cellulose-to-PP mass ratio (25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 w%/w%) and co-solvents (glycerol, paraffin oil) on product yields and quality are thoroughly studied. Results suggest that water alone is inadequate to liquefy PP, while the incorporation of glycerol and paraffin oil greatly enhance the conversion and the bio-crude yield. Maximum bio-crude yield (78.6 wt.%) was obtained at 350 °C-30 min with cellulose:PP of 50:50 w%/w% using water:glycerol solvent. The selectivity to aliphatic hydrocarbons in the bio-crude was high (∼96.5 %) at 350 °C-15 min for a cellulose:PP ratio of 25:75 w%/w% in water-paraffin oil solvent.

利用生物聚合物和合成聚合物产生的中间产物之间的协同作用，在亚临界状态下转化热稳定的烯烃塑料是一种很有前景的策略。本研究对纤维素和聚丙烯（PP）进行了共液化，并深入研究了温度（300-350 °C）、停留时间（15-45 分钟）、纤维素与聚丙烯的质量比（25:75、50:50 和 75:25 w%/w%）以及助溶剂（甘油、石蜡油）对产品产量和质量的影响。结果表明，仅用水不足以液化 PP，而加入甘油和石蜡油可大大提高转化率和生物原油产量。使用水：甘油溶剂，在 350 °C-30 分钟内，纤维素：聚丙烯的比例为 50:50 w%/w%，生物原油产量最高（78.6 wt.%）。在水-石蜡油溶剂中，纤维素与聚丙烯的比例为 25:75 w%/w%，在 350 °C-15 分钟时，生物原油中脂肪烃的选择性很高（96.5%）。

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