Energy nexus最新文献_第2页

Upcycling autoclaved aerated concrete into sustainable and energy-efficient geopolymers with improved structural attributes 将蒸压加气混凝土升级为具有改进结构属性的可持续节能地聚合物

IF 9.5 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100685

Mohammad Reza Hanafi , Hamed Rahimpour , Zohre Babai Golsefidi , Sahar Zinatloo-Ajabshir , Somayeh Mollaei , Faramarz Moodi , Hamid Zarrabi , Ahmad Fahmi

This study aims to achieve the complete recycling of post-demolition autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) and to develop sustainable, energy-efficient, and high-performance geopolymer construction materials. Recycled AAC powder with different particle sizes was used as the aluminosilicate precursor and mixed with alkaline activators consisting of water glass and sodium hydroxide at concentrations of 4, 8, 12, and 16 mol. The effects of alkaline concentration, activator ratio, curing temperature, and precursor particle size on the mechanical properties and bulk density of the synthesized geopolymer materials were systematically evaluated. Increasing sodium hydroxide concentration and the water glass-to-sodium hydroxide ratio enhanced mechanical strength, while higher curing temperatures decreased bulk density. Under optimal conditions (12 molar sodium hydroxide, activator ratio of 2, curing at 85 °C, and a particle size of 150 µm), the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths reached 27.03, 3.51, and 2.73 MPa, respectively. Water absorption after 24 h was measured at 11.9 wt.%, and chemical/microstructural analyses revealed a dense and homogeneous matrix consistent with complete geopolymerization. A life cycle assessment demonstrated an 86% reduction in climate-change impact, along with lower resource consumption, water use, and toxicity compared to ordinary Portland cement, confirming the environmental advantages of the proposed approach. Overall, the findings demonstrate that post-demolition AAC can be fully upcycled into structurally efficient and environmentally responsible geopolymer materials, with strong potential for application in sustainable construction products including high-performance precast elements and masonry units.

本研究旨在实现拆除后蒸压加气混凝土（AAC）的完全回收利用，开发可持续、节能、高性能的地聚合物建筑材料。采用不同粒径的再生AAC粉末作为硅酸铝前驱体，与水玻璃和氢氧化钠组成的碱性活化剂混合，浓度分别为4、8、12和16 mol。系统评价了碱浓度、活化剂配比、固化温度和前驱体粒径对合成地聚合物材料力学性能和堆积密度的影响。增加氢氧化钠的浓度和水玻璃与氢氧化钠的比例可以提高材料的机械强度，而提高固化温度则会降低材料的体积密度。在最佳条件下（12摩尔氢氧化钠，活化剂比为2,85℃固化，粒径为150µm），抗压、抗拉和抗折强度分别达到27.03、3.51和2.73 MPa。24小时后的吸水率为11.9 wt.%，化学/微观结构分析显示基质致密均匀，与完全地聚合一致。一项生命周期评估表明，与普通波特兰水泥相比，该水泥对气候变化的影响减少了86%，同时资源消耗、用水量和毒性也更低，证实了该方法的环境优势。总体而言，研究结果表明，拆除后的AAC可以完全升级为结构高效且对环境负责的地聚合物材料，在可持续建筑产品（包括高性能预制件和砌体单元）中具有强大的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Impacts of drought on electricity production, fossil carbon emissions, and air pollution in Europe 干旱对欧洲电力生产、化石碳排放和空气污染的影响

IF 9.5 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100652

Xiangping Hu , Vedant Ballal , Gabriele Martinelli , Geir-Arne Fuglstad , Alessandro Nocente , Roberto Iacono , Bo Huang , Francesco Cherubini

Europe has experienced severe droughts that impacted electricity generation from both renewable and fossil sources. Yet, the response of national electricity systems to drought and the resulting impacts on emissions of CO₂ and air pollutants remain insufficiently understood. This study combines monthly historical electricity generation data (2017–2023) with runoff anomalies, used as a proxy for drought conditions, across 25 European countries. A regression-based counterfactual analysis is applied to quantify the country-level response of electricity systems to drier-than-average conditions. Estimated drought-induced changes in fossil-based generation are subsequently translated into emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants using fuel- and country-specific emission factors. We find that electricity generation from hydropower and other renewables is reduced during dry periods, while reliance on fossil fuels and imports increases. Drought induced 141±35 million tonnes of CO₂-equivalent emissions between 2017 and 2023, corresponding to 31 % of the emissions that Europe could release by 2040 under its most ambitious climate goals. Emissions are mainly driven by increased use of natural gas (48 %), coal (22 %), lignite (21 %), and imports (8 %). In France and Portugal, drought-induced emissions account for around 10 % of total fossil-based electricity emissions. The estimated monetized social cost of these emissions is 26 billion USD. Emissions of air pollutants show an average increase of about 2.5 %, though they widely vary across countries. These findings underscore the need for targeted adaptation strategies to reduce the power sector’s vulnerability to drought and to maintain progress toward energy security and decarbonization targets

欧洲经历了严重的干旱，影响了可再生能源和化石能源的发电。然而，国家电力系统对干旱的反应及其对二氧化碳和空气污染物排放的影响仍未得到充分了解。这项研究结合了25个欧洲国家的月度历史发电量数据（2017-2023）和径流异常（用作干旱条件的代表）。应用基于回归的反事实分析来量化电力系统对比平均水平更干燥的条件的国家一级反应。根据燃料和国家特定的排放因子，化石发电中估计的干旱引起的变化随后转化为温室气体和空气污染物的排放。我们发现，在干旱时期，水力发电和其他可再生能源发电减少，而对化石燃料和进口的依赖增加。在2017年至2023年期间，干旱导致了1.41±35亿吨二氧化碳当量的排放，相当于欧洲在其最雄心勃勃的气候目标下到2040年可能释放的排放量的31%。排放的主要驱动因素是天然气（48%）、煤炭（22%）、褐煤（21%）和进口（8%）的使用增加。在法国和葡萄牙，干旱引起的排放约占化石能源总排放量的10%。这些排放的货币化社会成本估计为260亿美元。空气污染物的排放量平均增长约2.5%，尽管各国的增幅差别很大。这些发现强调了有针对性的适应战略的必要性，以减少电力部门对干旱的脆弱性，并保持在实现能源安全和脱碳目标方面的进展

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the impact of drought on water use efficiency among ecosystems on the Mongolian Plateau 干旱对蒙古高原生态系统水分利用效率的影响

IF 9.5 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100664

Xinyi Liu , Quan Lai , Shan Yin , Rihe Gao

Water use efficiency (WUE) encompasses precipitation use efficiency (PUE), soil water use efficiency (SWUE), and groundwater use efficiency (GWUE) and serves as a key indicator for evaluating ecosystem responses to drought, particularly as climate change continues to intensify. This study investigates the responses of various WUE indicators to drought conditions on the Mongolian Plateau at a spatial resolution of 0.1° from 2000 to 2020. Drought conditions are measured using drought indices such as the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Soil Moisture Anomaly Index (SMAI), and Groundwater Storage Deficit Index (GWSDI). The findings reveal that while PUE, SWUE, and GWUE generally exhibited upward trends, their responses to drought varied significantly. In arid regions, WUE indicators showed positive correlations with drought indices, while in humid regions, negative correlations were observed. The SPEI and SMAI predominantly indicated a wetting trend, whereas GWSDI reflected a drying trend across most of the study area (67.47 %). Moreover, the study identified lagged effects of drought on PUE, SWUE and GWUE that ranged from 2.4 to 4.4 months and varied according to vegetation type and climatic region. Although drought typically led to reductions in PUE and SWUE, enhancements of GWUE were observed in both semi-humid forests and semi-arid sandy lands under groundwater drought. Given the Mongolian Plateau's ecological fragility and its critical role in East Asia's water and carbon cycles, these findings underscore the complexity of drought impacts on WUE and highlight the need to develop appropriate ecosystem management strategies to address the challenges posed by climate change.

水分利用效率（WUE）包括降水利用效率（PUE）、土壤水分利用效率（SWUE）和地下水利用效率（GWUE），是评估生态系统对干旱响应的关键指标，特别是在气候变化持续加剧的情况下。在0.1°空间分辨率下，研究了2000 - 2020年蒙古高原各水分利用效率指标对干旱条件的响应。利用标准化降水蒸散发指数（SPEI）、土壤水分异常指数（SMAI）和地下水储水量亏缺指数（GWSDI）等干旱指数来测量干旱条件。结果表明，虽然PUE、SWUE和GWUE总体呈上升趋势，但它们对干旱的响应差异显著。干旱区水分利用效率与干旱指数呈正相关，湿润区水分利用效率与干旱指数呈负相关。SPEI和SMAI主要表现为湿润趋势，而GWSDI在大部分研究区（67.47%）表现为干燥趋势。此外，研究还发现干旱对PUE、SWUE和GWUE的滞后效应在2.4 ~ 4.4个月之间，且随植被类型和气候区域的不同而不同。尽管干旱通常导致PUE和SWUE的降低，但地下水干旱条件下半湿润森林和半干旱沙地的GWUE均有所增加。鉴于蒙古高原的生态脆弱性及其在东亚水和碳循环中的关键作用，这些发现强调了干旱对用水效率影响的复杂性，并强调了制定适当的生态系统管理战略以应对气候变化带来的挑战的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Salt-regulated triacylglycerol accumulation and biodiesel quality of Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 under two-stage cultivation 两段式培养条件下盐调节花椰菜（Scenedesmus sp. BHU1）甘油三酯积累及生物柴油品质

IF 9.5 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100655

Rahul Prasad Singh , Priya Yadav , Ajay Kumar , Amit Kaushik , Aditi Arya , Mahaswetta Saikia , Rajan Kumar Gupta , Laurent Dufossé

Microalgae efficiently sequester carbon and accumulate neutral lipids; however, challenges persist in achieving high triacylglycerol (TAG) and biofuel yields. This study presents a novel two-stage salt stress strategy that enhances neutral lipid accumulation, jet fuel production, and biodiesel quality in Scenedesmus sp. To address this, Scenedesmus sp. was cultivated under varying NaCl concentrations (0–0.4 M) and time intervals (0–12 days) using a two-stage process. In stage I, control cells (0 M NaCl) showed a higher CO₂ fixation rate (122.06 mg L⁻¹ d⁻¹), while 0.4 M NaCl-treated cells recorded the highest neutral lipid content (77.01 %). In stage II under 0.4 M NaCl at 8 days, 1.48 kg biomass yielded 1 kg microalgal oil, and 2.59 kg biomass produced 1 kg jet fuel. Further, second derivative spectra from FTIR spectroscopy revealed shifts in functional groups favoring neutral lipid synthesis (peaks at 2923 cm⁻¹ and 1746 cm⁻¹), while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed decomposition of lipids and carbohydrates during pyrolysis. Additionally, CHNS analysis revealed maximum higher heating value (25.64 MJ/kg), and lower heating values (24.71 MJ/kg) in 8^th-day biomass. GC-MS analysis revealed a predominance of saturated fatty acids (SFAs; 66.67 %), particularly C16–C18, over monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs; 18 %) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; 16 %). Notably, biodiesel produced from 8^th day biomass met both the EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 standards, demonstrating the potential of Scenedesmus sp. for biodiesel feedstock. Importantly, biodiesel produced from the 8^th-day biomass met both the EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 standards. Thus, current study highlights the potential of salt supplementation in Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 to enhance triacylglycerol, supporting its use as a biodiesel feedstock.

微藻能有效地固碳和积累中性脂；然而，在实现高三酰甘油（TAG）和生物燃料产量方面仍然存在挑战。本研究提出了一种新的两阶段盐胁迫策略，可以提高Scenedesmus sp的中性脂质积累、喷气燃料生产和生物柴油质量。为了解决这个问题，采用两阶段工艺在不同的NaCl浓度（0-0.4 M）和时间间隔（0-12天）下培养Scenedesmus sp。在第一阶段，对照细胞（0 M NaCl）显示出更高的CO₂固定率（122.06 mg L -毒血症），而0.4 M NaCl处理细胞的中性脂质含量最高（77.01%）。在第II阶段，在0.4 M NaCl条件下8天，1.48 kg生物质产生1 kg微藻油，2.59 kg生物质产生1 kg喷气燃料。此外，FTIR光谱的二阶导数光谱显示，官能团的变化有利于中性脂质合成（峰值在2923 cm⁻¹和1746 cm⁻¹处），而热重分析（TGA）显示了热解过程中脂质和碳水化合物的分解。CHNS分析显示，第8天生物量的最高热值为25.64 MJ/kg，最低热值为24.71 MJ/kg。GC-MS分析显示饱和脂肪酸（sfa, 66.67%），特别是C16-C18，高于单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFAs, 18%）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs, 16%）。值得注意的是，从第8天的生物质中生产的生物柴油符合EN 14214和ASTM D6751标准，这表明了Scenedesmus sp.作为生物柴油原料的潜力。重要的是，从第8天的生物质中生产的生物柴油符合EN 14214和ASTM D6751标准。因此，目前的研究强调了在Scenedesmus sp. BHU1中添加盐以增强三酰甘油的潜力，支持其作为生物柴油原料的使用。

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引用次数: 0

Hybrid renewable energy for agriculture: Review of optimising power dispatch and reliability analysis 农业混合可再生能源：优化电力调度和可靠性分析综述

IF 9.5 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100679

Chima Tansi Uwaezuoke, Nnamdi I. Nwulu

This paper presents a complete overview of optimal power dispatch algorithms and reliability analysis methods for hybrid energy systems incorporating combined heat and power (CHP), photovoltaic (PV), wind energy and grid connections in agriculture applications. Agriculture presents particular energy issues due to seasonal needs, isolated locations, and varying power requirements. Hybrid systems provide intriguing solutions by combining complementary energy sources, but require advanced techniques for power dispatch and reliability enhancement.

This review was carried out using a systematic methodology, with a structured search across the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, and ScienceDirect databases. The search terms were ‘hybrid renewable energy,” “CHP integration,” or ‘reliability analysis’. Studies were included if they focused on hybrid renewable energy systems involving CHP, photovoltaic, wind or grid integration, addressed optimisation, dispatch, or reliability analysis, and were published between 2015 and 2025 in peer-reviewed journals or conference proceedings. The exclusion criteria excluded simply theoretical works without validation, research not related to agricultural uses, and articles that lacked quantitative assessment. In total, 45 relevant studies were synthesised.

Multi-objective optimisation frameworks, advanced reliability evaluation methodologies, technology advances in energy storage and system integration, and economic-environmental sustainability concerns are all critical areas of study. Research gaps are identified, such as a lack of integration of CHP with renewable energy in agricultural contexts, insufficient dependability measurement for critical agricultural activities, and inadequate frameworks for comprehensively resolving economic-environmental-reliability trade-offs. Future research directions will focus on standardised but adaptable system designs, improved integration of thermal and electrical needs, and complete modelling approaches that consider social and regulatory factors. This synthesis contributes to the development of more efficient, reliable, and sustainable agricultural energy solutions.

本文介绍了在农业应用中结合热电联产（CHP）、光伏（PV）、风能和电网连接的混合能源系统的最佳电力调度算法和可靠性分析方法的完整概述。由于季节性需求、孤立的地点和不同的电力需求，农业提出了特殊的能源问题。混合动力系统通过结合互补能源提供了有趣的解决方案，但需要先进的电力调度和可靠性增强技术。本综述采用系统方法，在Web of Science核心馆藏、Scopus、IEEE Xplore数字图书馆和ScienceDirect数据库中进行结构化搜索。搜索词是“混合可再生能源”、“热电联产整合”或“可靠性分析”。如果研究的重点是涉及热电联产、光伏、风能或电网集成的混合可再生能源系统，涉及优化、调度或可靠性分析，并在2015年至2025年之间发表在同行评审期刊或会议论文集上，则纳入研究。排除标准仅排除未经验证的理论作品、与农业用途无关的研究和缺乏定量评估的文章。总共综合了45项相关研究。多目标优化框架、先进的可靠性评估方法、储能和系统集成方面的技术进步以及经济-环境可持续性问题都是研究的关键领域。指出了研究上的差距，例如在农业背景下缺乏热电联产与可再生能源的整合，对关键农业活动的可靠性测量不足，以及全面解决经济-环境-可靠性权衡的框架不足。未来的研究方向将集中在标准化但适应性强的系统设计，改进热电需求的集成，以及考虑社会和监管因素的完整建模方法。这种综合有助于开发更高效、可靠和可持续的农业能源解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing energy management in reconfigurable distribution networks: Integrating Hybrid Transformer-CNN with wind turbines and electric vehicles 可重构配电网络的优化能源管理：将混合变压器- cnn与风力涡轮机和电动汽车集成

IF 9.5 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100676

Mohsen Zare , Sina Dehghanian , Mohammad Reza Rahmanian , Anna Pinnarelli , Pasquale Vizza , Alireza Soleimani

A primary principle of modern distribution networks is to maintain the voltage profile within permissible limits while minimizing power losses. However, challenges arising from the uncertainty of electric vehicles (EVs) and wind power plants necessitate proper distribution network reconfiguration to maintain stability. Therefore, operators require fast and reliable tools for managing network configuration. In this research, a data-driven framework based on a Hybrid Transformer-CNN (HT-CNN) model is presented for network reconfiguration. In this framework, wind speed is first predicted using a TCN-BiGRU model. Then, the main HT-CNN model uses this prediction, along with load data and EV charging/discharging profiles, to simultaneously estimate bus voltages, switch statuses, and network losses. The proposed model, trained with wind, load, and EV charging data on the IEEE 33-bus system, reduced the loss error to 1.46 kW and the voltage error to 0.00417 per-unit, while predicting switch statuses with 94.96% accuracy. These errors are significantly lower than the standard 5% margin in network planning, confirming the model’s high reliability for identifying optimal configurations with minimal losses. In this study, EV charging and discharging data were simulated in MATLAB. This data, along with predicted wind data, was used to solve a linearized network reconfiguration problem in GAMS. Subsequently, the GAMS output was used to train and test the neural network model in Python. Finally, the accuracy and results of the methods were analyzed and validated using DIgSILENT software.

现代配电网的一个主要原则是保持电压分布在允许的范围内，同时尽量减少功率损耗。然而，由于电动汽车和风力发电厂的不确定性带来的挑战，需要对配电网进行适当的重构以保持稳定。因此，运营商需要快速、可靠的网络配置管理工具。本文提出了一种基于混合变压器- cnn （HT-CNN）模型的数据驱动框架，用于网络重构。在这个框架中，首先使用TCN-BiGRU模型预测风速。然后，主HT-CNN模型使用此预测，以及负载数据和电动汽车充电/放电概况，同时估计总线电压，开关状态和网络损耗。该模型使用IEEE 33总线系统上的风、负载和电动汽车充电数据进行训练，将损耗误差降低到1.46 kW，电压误差降低到0.00417，同时预测开关状态的准确率为94.96%。这些误差明显低于网络规划中5%的标准裕度，证实了该模型在以最小损失识别最佳配置方面的高可靠性。本研究在MATLAB中对电动汽车充放电数据进行仿真。该数据与预测风数据一起用于解决GAMS中的线性化网络重构问题。随后，使用GAMS输出在Python中训练和测试神经网络模型。最后，利用DIgSILENT软件对方法的准确性和结果进行了分析和验证。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced energy storage performance of Cu₂SnS₃@rGO electrode in pouch-type asymmetric supercapacitors 袋型非对称超级电容器中Cu₂SnS₃@rGO电极储能性能的提高

IF 9.5 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100670

Uma Shankar Veerasamy , Suganya Palani , Anandh Jesuraj S , Yoonseuk Choi , Kengkamon Wiratkasem , Nakorn Tippayawong , Yuttana Mona

Copper tin sulfides are extensively investigated as an electroactive material for energy storage applications due to their higher theoretical pseudocapacitance. The combination of pseudocapacitance behavior of Cu₂SnS₃ and double layer capacitance behavior of rGO is expected to boost the electrochemical property of the electrode. Here, the rGO supported Cu₂SnS₃ nanocomposite was prepared by using the hydrothermal method. The pure and rGO loaded samples were found to have a tetragonal structure from the XRD analysis and the Raman spectra confirm the formation of rGO supported Cu₂SnS₃ from the D and G bands arising along with Cu₂SnS₃ vibrational modes. Moreover, the flower-shaped Cu₂SnS₃ was covered by rGO nanosheet and is illustrated in the SEM and HRTEM analysis. Also, the Cu₂SnS₃@rGO-2 electrode delivers a higher capacitance value of 630 F/g at 1 A/g, which is much higher than Cu₂SnS₃, Cu₂SnS₃@rGO-1, Cu₂SnS₃@rGO-3 and Cu₂SnS₃@rGO-5 electrodes. The cyclic efficiency of the Cu₂SnS₃@rGO-2 showed 98.38% which is higher than the Cu₂SnS₃ (92.59%), Cu₂SnS₃@rGO-1 (96.61%), Cu₂SnS₃@rGO-3 (98.5%) and Cu₂SnS₃@rGO-5 (97.17%) electrodes over 2000 cycles. Further, the fabrication of asymmetric supercapacitor device, the positive electrode is Cu₂SnS₃@rGO-2 electrode and the activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode for asymmetric type supercapacitor devices using 1 M KOH electrolyte dipped filter paper is the separator. The Cu₂SnS₃@rGO-2//AC device showed the maximum capacity value of 71.33 mAh/g. Also, the energy and power densities were 47.55 Wh/kg and 1600 W/kg, respectively, at a current density of 1 A/g. In addition, the Cu₂SnS₃@rGO-2//AC device has higher capacitance retention of 73.26% for 10,000 cycles. The addition of rGO is used to improve electrical conductivity and elevate the volume charge of the Cu₂SnS₃ electrode.

由于铜锡硫化物具有较高的理论赝电容，因此作为一种电活性材料被广泛研究用于储能应用。Cu2SnS3的赝电容行为和氧化石墨烯的双层电容行为的结合有望提高电极的电化学性能。本文采用水热法制备了氧化石墨烯负载的Cu2SnS3纳米复合材料。XRD分析表明，纯Cu2SnS3和负载还原氧化石墨烯的样品均呈正方结构，拉曼光谱也证实了还原氧化石墨烯支持的Cu2SnS3在D和G波段的形成。此外，花状Cu2SnS3被还原氧化石墨烯纳米片覆盖，并在SEM和HRTEM分析中得到证实。此外，Cu2SnS3@rGO-2电极在1 a /g时的电容值高达630 F/g，远高于Cu2SnS3、Cu2SnS3@rGO-1、Cu2SnS3@rGO-3和Cu2SnS3@rGO-5电极。在2000次循环中，Cu2SnS3@rGO-2电极的循环效率为98.38%，高于Cu2SnS3（92.59%）、Cu2SnS3@rGO-1（96.61%）、Cu2SnS3@rGO-3（98.5%）和Cu2SnS3@rGO-5（97.17%）电极。进一步，以1 M KOH电解液蘸滤纸为分离器，以Cu2SnS3@rGO-2电极为正极，活性炭（AC）为负极制备非对称型超级电容器器件。Cu2SnS3@rGO-2//AC装置的最大容量值为71.33 mAh/g。在电流密度为1 a /g时，能量和功率密度分别为47.55 Wh/kg和1600 W/kg。此外，Cu2SnS3@rGO-2//AC器件在10,000次循环中具有73.26%的高电容保持率。加入还原氧化石墨烯可以提高Cu2SnS3电极的导电性和体积电荷。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-analytical evaluation of combustion residues from Croatia’s biomass-fueled plants for circular agroecosystem applications 克罗地亚生物质燃料植物燃烧残留物的多重分析评价用于循环农业生态系统应用

IF 9.5 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100674

Gabrijel Ondrasek , Ema Kostešić , Marina Bubalo Kovačić , Lidija Svečnjak , Sanja Stipičević , Gordana Mendaš , Iva Smoljo , Tatjana Orct , Ankica Sekovanić , Marija Trkmić , Krešimir Černošek , Ivana Jelovica Badovinac , Jelena Horvatinec Isaković

The rapid expansion of biomass-fueled power plants across many EU countries has led to an increase in biomass ash (BMA) over the past decade. However, its sustainable utilization and environmental management remain inadequately addressed. This study presents the first comprehensive, multi-analytical characterization of 16 BMAs collected from nine Croatian biomass power plants spanning seven regions, with the aim of evaluating their potential for circular agroecosystem applications. Morphological analyses revealed pronounced nano-microscale heterogeneity accompanied by strong chemical variability. All BMAs exhibited high alkalinity (pH > 12), primarily driven by abundant Ca-/K-/Na-/Mg-bearing oxides. Fly ash (FA) samples were enriched in soluble salts, showing higher electrical conductivity (EC), whereas bottom ash (BA) was dominated by refractory silicates and metal oxides. XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the predominance of calcite, quartz, arcanite, and apatite-type minerals, indicating agronomic potential, but limited P/K bioavailability due to their incorporation into low-solubility phosphate/silicate matrices. The lower density and higher EC of the FA matrix correlated with the elevated S content and suggested the presence of reactive, salt-rich particulates formed through volatilization and condensation of S compounds during combustion. BAs generally contained lower metal(oid) content than FAs; however, several samples exceeded inter/national limits (Zn in one, Ni in two, and Cd in nine). Persistent organic pollutants (PCBs, OCPs, and PAHs) were below regulatory thresholds in all BMAs. Overall, Croatian BMAs demonstrated strong potential as liming and nutrient-recycling agents in acidic and nutrient-deficient agroecosystems, although site-specific application and leaching assessments remain essential to ensure environmental safety and sustainable reuse.

在过去的十年中，许多欧盟国家的生物质燃料发电厂的迅速扩张导致了生物质灰烬（BMA）的增加。但是，其可持续利用和环境管理问题仍然没有得到充分解决。本研究首次对从克罗地亚七个地区的九个生物质发电厂收集的16个bma进行了全面的、多分析的表征，目的是评估它们在循环农业生态系统应用中的潜力。形态分析显示明显的纳米-微观异质性伴随着强烈的化学变异性。所有bma均表现出高碱度（pH > 12），主要是由丰富的Ca-/K-/Na-/ mg -氧化物驱动的。粉煤灰（FA）样品富含可溶性盐，具有较高的电导率（EC），而底灰（BA）样品以难熔硅酸盐和金属氧化物为主。XRD和FTIR分析证实方解石、石英、隐石和磷灰石型矿物占主导地位，显示出农艺潜力，但由于它们与低溶解度的磷酸盐/硅酸盐基质结合，限制了P/K的生物利用度。FA基质的低密度和高EC与S含量升高相关，表明存在通过燃烧过程中S化合物的挥发和冷凝形成的反应性富盐颗粒。BAs的金属（类）含量通常低于FAs；然而，有几个样品超过了国际/国家限制（锌有一个，镍有两个，镉有九个）。所有bma中持久性有机污染物（多氯联苯、OCPs和多环芳烃）均低于监管阈值。总的来说，克罗地亚bma在酸性和营养缺乏的农业生态系统中显示出作为石灰化和营养回收剂的强大潜力，尽管具体地点的应用和浸出评估仍然是确保环境安全和可持续再利用的关键。

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引用次数: 0

An engineering perspective on climate change: Mitigation or adaptation? 从工程角度看气候变化：减缓还是适应？

IF 9.5 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100646

Alberto Traverso

Most of the Nations are currently undergoing a deep transformation of the existing energy, water and production infrastructure, including both power and heat generation as well as mobility systems, targeting a global decarbonization and reduction of fossil fuel utilization, fostering the adoption of renewable energy sources coupled to energy storage solutions. Such strategies are mainly based on climate change assessment and predictions carried out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which require a wide-spectrum of actions on most of society activities and use of resources (fuels, water, food, materials). However, the scientific basis of such strategies, related to climate change modelling, are subject to uncertainty, like any quantitative analysis. In this article, a common engineering approach to time-dependent thermal modelling and publicly available datasets are employed for a twofold objective: first, trying to resume the overall reliability that can be expected on climate change modelling at global scale in the long-run, and, second, resuming the current status of CO₂ emissions linked to fossil fuel exploitation and future reserves. Results stress the current need of deep ocean water temperature data with sufficient accuracy for surface climate predictions, given the seawater thermal capacitance, which is higher by three orders of magnitude than the gaseous atmospheric thermal capacitance. The engineering-based Earth thermal response model presented here allowed to estimate the climate time constant in ∼67 years for long-term transients. Such evidence coupled with the observation of the large fossil fuel availability, brought to the pragmatic conclusion that worldwide efforts should be mainly devoted to climate change adaptation actions, rather than mitigation actions, with founded belief that the future climate change, in terms of global temperature increase, might be less severe than generally recognized, and that higher atmospheric CO₂ concentrations will keep sustaining the increased vegetation growth, with social benefits partially compensating the climate change impacts.

大多数国家目前正在对现有的能源、水和生产基础设施进行深度改造，包括发电和供热以及移动系统，目标是全球脱碳和减少化石燃料的利用，促进采用与能源储存解决方案相结合的可再生能源。这种战略主要基于政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）进行的气候变化评估和预测，这需要对大多数社会活动和资源（燃料、水、粮食、材料）的使用采取广泛的行动。然而，与气候变化模拟有关的这种战略的科学基础，与任何定量分析一样，都具有不确定性。在本文中，采用一种基于时间的热建模和公开可用数据集的通用工程方法来实现两个目标：首先，试图恢复长期全球尺度气候变化建模的整体可靠性；其次，恢复与化石燃料开采和未来储量相关的二氧化碳排放的当前状态。结果强调，考虑到海水热电容比气态大气热电容高出三个数量级，目前需要具有足够精度的深海水温数据来进行地表气候预测。本文提出的基于工程的地球热响应模型可以估计长期瞬变的~ 67年的气候时间常数。这些证据加上对大量化石燃料可得性的观察，得出了一个务实的结论，即全世界的努力应主要致力于气候变化适应行动，而不是缓解行动，因为有根据的信念是，就全球温度升高而言，未来气候变化的严重程度可能没有普遍认识的那么严重，大气中较高的二氧化碳浓度将继续维持不断增加的植被生长。社会效益部分补偿了气候变化的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Environmental, economic, and social trade-offs in biochar and biosurfactant-based soil remediation: A critical review based on mass flow analysis 生物炭和生物表面活性剂土壤修复的环境、经济和社会权衡：基于质量流分析的评述

IF 9.5 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy nexus

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100644

Dilshan Sandaruwan Premathilake , Arumadura Aruna Manoj Prasad Silva , W.A.M.A.N. Illankoon , Asia Rosatelli , Fabrizio Beltrametti , Adriana Bava , Francesco Battaglia , Marco Mendola , Filippo Passaro , Alessandro Abbà , Andrea Franzetti , Mentore Vaccari

Biochar and biosurfactants are emerging bio-based materials for remediating contaminated soils. While their pollutant removal mechanisms are well studied, broader environmental, economic, and social implications remain underexplored. Existing studies often rely on a 1 kg functional unit, limiting direct comparisons. This critical review evaluates and quantifies the multidimensional sustainability trade-offs of using biochar and biosurfactants to remediate one hectare of contaminated land, based on real-world applications. Use of common functional unit (1 hectare of land treatment) enables direct, meaningful comparison.

Material flow analysis reveals biochar’s superior energy efficiency (net output for the grid ∼290 GJ/ha) and economic returns, despite higher production emissions (100 kg CH₄, 55 kg N₂O, 38 kg PM₁₀, and 1.7 kg PAHs/ha). In contrast, biosurfactants emit negligible direct pollutants but demand significantly more energy (2340 GJ/ha). Both materials offer social benefits, such as enhanced rural livelihoods and health, yet face challenges like land use conflicts and patent barriers. Policy measures are proposed to mitigate these issues. Finally, the synergistic use of biochar and biosurfactants is highlighted as a promising avenue for future research in sustainable soil remediation.

生物炭和生物表面活性剂是修复污染土壤的新兴生物基材料。虽然它们的污染物去除机制得到了很好的研究，但更广泛的环境、经济和社会影响仍未得到充分探讨。现有的研究通常依赖于1公斤的功能单位，限制了直接比较。这篇重要的综述基于现实世界的应用，评估和量化了使用生物炭和生物表面活性剂修复一公顷污染土地的多维可持续性权衡。使用共同功能单位（1公顷土地处理）可以进行直接，有意义的比较。物质流分析显示，尽管生产排放较高（100公斤CH4、55公斤N2O、38公斤PM10和1.7公斤PAHs/ha），但生物炭具有优越的能源效率（电网净输出~ 290 GJ/ha）和经济回报。相比之下，生物表面活性剂释放的直接污染物可以忽略不计，但需要更多的能量（2340吉焦/公顷）。这两种材料都提供了社会效益，如改善农村生计和健康，但也面临着土地使用冲突和专利壁垒等挑战。提出了缓解这些问题的政策措施。最后，强调了生物炭和生物表面活性剂的协同使用是未来可持续土壤修复研究的一个有前途的途径。

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引用次数: 0