Energy nexus最新文献

{"title":"Green restaurants: An economic assessment of solar photovoltaics and energy storage systems","authors":"Idiano D'Adamo ,&nbsp;Simone Di Leo ,&nbsp;Massimo Gastaldi ,&nbsp;Anna Chiara Maccallini","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to sustainable business models in the catering sector requires the integration of environmental innovation with economic feasibility. Restaurants, as energy-intensive businesses, represent a strategic context for assessing the financial viability of renewable energy technologies. This study evaluates the economic viability of photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage (BES) systems in Italy. The analysis evaluates the project under different policy conditions, with and without public incentives (40 % capital deduction on investment costs), and identifies the key factors that influence their profitability. A comprehensive methodology combining financial and sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, LASSO regression, break-even point and Monte Carlo simulations was applied to assess economic performance and risk. The results show that the PV system is profitable in both contexts, although incentives significantly improve returns: from 425 to 1590 €/kW. Profitability depends mainly on specific production, the cost of purchasing electricity and the percentage of self-consumption. For the BES, profitability only occurs when self-consumption increases by at least 22–25 % with incentives and 30–35 % without them. Overall, the results emphasise that policy support and management strategies to optimise self-consumption are key to ensuring financial profitability. This work enables restaurant owners to identify the variables that most strongly influence the final outcome, helping them mitigate risks and maximise returns, while supporting more informed decisions that contribute to long-term sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100612"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathways to feasible hydrogen production in alkaline water electrolyzers","authors":"Adnan Ozden","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renewable-electricity-powered hydrogen production via alkaline water electrolysis provides an efficient route to hydrogen economy. Recent advances in catalysts, membranes, and systems have enhanced the technology’s practicality. This work provides a techno-economic assessment of hydrogen production, offering scenarios that needs to be met toward wide-scale industrial implementation. The work explores the cost implications of critical performance metrics and parameters, including current density, cell voltage, Faradaic efficiency (FE), electricity and water prices, catalyst/membrane and system lifetimes, and electrolyzer cost. The study reveals 15 scenarios that could take the technology a step closer to the DOE’s hydrogen cost targets. The analysis reveals that the economically compelling production of hydrogen requires performance enhancements (particularly voltage reductions), along with lower electricity (&lt;3.6 c kWh⁻¹) and water (&lt;3 $ ton⁻¹) prices, longer catalyst/membrane lifetimes (&gt;13,140 hours), electrolyzer costs (&lt;200 kW⁻¹), and catalyst/membrane costs (&lt;5% of total electrolyzer capital). The work discusses the remaining technical and economic challenges, offering research directions toward marketable electrified hydrogen production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100620"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of environmental taxes on the energy use: Evidence from G7 countries","authors":"Derya Yayman","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing non-renewable energy consumption is fundamental for a sustainable environment and development. Assessing the factors that drive energy consumption is vital. This study analyzes the role of environmental taxes (ETAX), per capita gross domestic product (GDP), renewable energy consumption (REC), and environmental technological innovations (ETC) on non-renewable energy consumption (EU) in G7 economies. The study employs Autoregressive AR(1) specifications to account for serial correlation and utilizes heteroskedasticity-resistant Applicable Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) and Panel Adjusted Standard Errors (PCSE) estimators as basic econometric approaches to yield long-run empirical estimates for the period 1995–2021.The study's findings indicate that environmental taxes, environmental technologies, and increased renewable energy consumption negatively affect non-renewable energy consumption and positively affect per capita GDP growth. The study's policy implications emphasize that G-7 countries should reduce their energy consumption, increase energy efficiency, and strengthen their environmental policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100681"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the future of renewable energy: Integrated insights of ocean energy","authors":"G. Shyamala ,&nbsp;Gobinath Ravindran ,&nbsp;George Uwadiegwu Alaneme ,&nbsp;Ramesh T ,&nbsp;Sukumar Dhanapalan","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, energy consumption has increased, necessitating higher energy production through various sources. Renewable sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power can complement this demand. Hydropower through surface water can generate sufficient electricity, but their output will be significantly lower than that of the ocean-based energy production. The ocean, a powerful energy source, surpasses other renewables, but requires effective implementation and scaling to reduce carbon emissions and spur economic growth. The challenges include technological maturity, funding, market creation, regulatory issues, environmental concerns, and grid integration. This bibliometric study analyzes trends in citations and publications from 2009 to 2024 using Power BI statistical assessment and text mining tools, including bibliographic coupling of documents, sources, and authors, to explore current and emerging trends in ocean energy. In this study we have adopted a three year block period for analysis. This study investigated ocean energy cost efficiency, wave prediction, extreme weather impacts, and contributions to global electricity for sustainability, observing minor growth in ocean surface kinetic energy and significant increases in potential energy due to sea level rise, while also assessing the efficiency, mechanisms, and challenges of ocean kinetic energy harvesters for marine sensors. Large-scale deployment of ocean energy necessitates careful site selection and research to mitigate the environmental impacts on marine ecosystems and ocean-atmosphere interactions, ensuring sustainable development. Advancing reliable and cost-effective technologies, such as WECs, OTECs, and tidal energy, while overcoming the challenges of biofouling, corrosion, and scaling, is crucial for the future of ocean energy and it’s widespread commercial sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100622"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consequences on energy and water exchanges of airflow modifications in agrivoltaic systems","authors":"Joseph Vernier ,&nbsp;Junni Luo ,&nbsp;Jordi Badosa ,&nbsp;Eric Dupont ,&nbsp;Aurelien Faucheux ,&nbsp;Patrick Massin","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While solar radiation is essential for plant development, overexposure can exacerbate abiotic stresses, making soil water content the key driver affecting plant growth. Agrivoltaic (APV) systems, defined as a land sharing between agricultural and photovoltaic (PV) energy productions, reframe the balance between beneficial and excessive solar exposure. Notably, APV systems have demonstrated, in some configurations, their capability to enhance agricultural yield by better conserving water in the soil. This study aims to deepen our understanding of evapotranspiration in APV configurations to better assess their impact on plant growth. It relies on data collected from three sonic anemometers installed at the SIRTA APV power plant in France, which provide the first measurements of wind speed and turbulent fluxes within an APV system. These observations reveal consistently lower wind speeds beneath PV panel compared to control areas without panels, while turbulence levels are notably higher. To complement these measurements, Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations are performed using an implicit PV panel model and a Soil–Plant–Atmosphere Continuum representation of vegetation, both integrated into the solver <em>code_saturne</em>. These simulations offer valuable insights into the spatial heterogeneity of energy and water exchanges within APV systems: the gradients of the turbulent fluxes are higher than unity. These findings challenge current evapotranspiration calculation methods which assume: (1) field homogeneity, (2) well-defined relationship between wind speed and turbulence, and (3) a consistent link between measurements taken at a reference height and exchanges occurring at the canopy top.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100680"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supercritical Methanol Transesterification for Simultaneous Biodiesel Production Based on Cir-ULIF-MABAC-TOPSIS Model with Hamacher Norms","authors":"Hamza Zafar ,&nbsp;Zeeshan Ali ,&nbsp;Bo Hsiao ,&nbsp;Sarbast Moslem ,&nbsp;Tapan Senapati","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supercritical methanol transesterification is a well-established and efficient process that produces biodiesel by reacting methanol with triglycerides under extreme temperature and pressure conditions. Supercritical methanol transesterification is particularly valuable because it enables continuous conversion of free fatty acids and triglycerides into biodiesel, reducing the need to pre-treat waste and low-quality oils. For assessing supercritical methanol transesterification for simultaneous biodiesel production, we consider five processes: enzymatic transesterification, algal biofuel production, anaerobic digestion, hydro-treated vegetable oil, and biomass pyrolysis. But the main problem is that we don’t know which one is suitable for supercritical methanol transesterification for simultaneous biodiesel production. To this end, we design a model of Circular Uncertain Linguistic Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multi-Attribute Border Approximation Area Comparison-Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution based on Hamacher theory. Finally, we compare our ranking models with prevailing ranking techniques using numerical examples to demonstrate the superiority and validity of the designed approaches. Despite these problems and challenges, our methods and models improve the efficiency of the procedure, reduce costs, and enhance the capability of supercritical methanol transesterification for sustainable large-scale biodiesel production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100667"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nature and technology nexus for photovoltaic systems: nature impacts, advanced external techniques, nature-inspired solutions, and sustainability strategies","authors":"Yasir Ali Bhutto ,&nbsp;A.K. Pandey ,&nbsp;R. Saidur ,&nbsp;Mukhtiar Ahmed Mahar ,&nbsp;Anas Islam ,&nbsp;Zafar Said","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Photovoltaic (PV) system has attracted significant research attention because of its renewable attributes, quiet operation, and simple installation. Nonetheless, the whole potential of PV technology remains unrealised due to many external obstacles. This requires a comprehensive evaluation to determine the effects of external factors on PV and external technological solutions, which could guide future research endeavours. This review integrates three essential dimensions: the impact of environmental factors on PV systems, advanced technological solutions—including biomimetic approaches—for improving energy efficiency, and a critical evaluation of PV sustainability in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The review offers a comprehensive examination of natural elements, including wind, humidity, temperature, and Earth's rotation, which may impair PV performance, alongside the beneficial and detrimental environmental effects of PV systems. In addition, the review investigates advanced technological alternatives for enhancing energy performance in conjunction with nature-inspired advances. Further, the study reviewed PV system sustainability challenges, assessed SDGs alignment, and explored sustainable methods to reduce environmental consequences. The PV systems exert positive impacts on the environment by diminishing fossil fuel consumption while also presenting adverse consequences such as deforestation, environmental disruption, and the utilization of hazardous chemicals in the manufacturing process. Furthermore, the nature-inspired methods, along with superior external approaches, improved the energy performance of PV modules. Moreover, the PV system is pivotal in attaining SDGs, enabling secure and sustainable future energy. Therefore, in future, sustainability strategy frameworks for PV systems must be established to address sustainability concerns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100675"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The algal carbon diet: Repurposing volatile fatty acids into sustainable lipids","authors":"Eshet Lakew Tesfaye ,&nbsp;Pannaga Pavan Jutur ,&nbsp;Amha Belay ,&nbsp;Tadele Assefa Aragaw","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) generated through dark fermentation (DF) are emerging as a sustainable and cost-effective carbon source for microalgae cultivation and for the production of sustainable lipids and/or biodiesel within the circular bioeconomy framework. The current review examines the effects of the combined VFAs derived from real wastes on the growth performance and lipid accumulation of various microalgae strains. This understanding is critical for maximizing lipid productivity using microalgae. This review synthesizes current research on the role of VFAs in enhancing lipid accumulation for sustainable biodiesel production. Effective treatment strategies for organic waste are crucial for improving hydrolysis efficiency and producing high VFAs in the DF. Therefore, the review discusses the current emerging pretreatment methods, considered as advanced, hybrid, or process-intensification pretreatments for enhancing VFA production, relevant to the sustainable microalgae cultivation. Similarly, the environmental variables that affect VFA production, namely, temperature and pH, are elaborated. Additionally, this study underscores the advancements and role of CRISPR/Cas9 applications for genetically modifying and improving lipid content in microalgae. Furthermore, the review discusses the importance of integrating VFA-producing industries with microalgae cultivation systems to promote sustainable waste valorization and advance biofuel production in the future. The results of this review article reveal that researchers have used freshwater microalgae to produce lipids. Therefore, further research should be carried out on the lipid and/or biodiesel production potential of marine microalgae as well. In conclusion, identifying novel freshwater and marine microalgae species from diverse and underexplored aquatic environments, including lakes, rivers, wetlands, coastal waters, estuaries, and extreme habitats, and scaling up their lipid and/or biodiesel production are essential for developing sustainable alternatives to finite energy resources and for environmental protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100677"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An engineering perspective on climate change: Mitigation or adaptation?","authors":"Alberto Traverso","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most of the Nations are currently undergoing a deep transformation of the existing energy, water and production infrastructure, including both power and heat generation as well as mobility systems, targeting a global decarbonization and reduction of fossil fuel utilization, fostering the adoption of renewable energy sources coupled to energy storage solutions. Such strategies are mainly based on climate change assessment and predictions carried out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which require a wide-spectrum of actions on most of society activities and use of resources (fuels, water, food, materials). However, the scientific basis of such strategies, related to climate change modelling, are subject to uncertainty, like any quantitative analysis. In this article, a common engineering approach to time-dependent thermal modelling and publicly available datasets are employed for a twofold objective: first, trying to resume the overall reliability that can be expected on climate change modelling at global scale in the long-run, and, second, resuming the current status of CO₂ emissions linked to fossil fuel exploitation and future reserves. Results stress the current need of deep ocean water temperature data with sufficient accuracy for surface climate predictions, given the seawater thermal capacitance, which is higher by three orders of magnitude than the gaseous atmospheric thermal capacitance. The engineering-based Earth thermal response model presented here allowed to estimate the climate time constant in ∼67 years for long-term transients. Such evidence coupled with the observation of the large fossil fuel availability, brought to the pragmatic conclusion that worldwide efforts should be mainly devoted to climate change adaptation actions, rather than mitigation actions, with founded belief that the future climate change, in terms of global temperature increase, might be less severe than generally recognized, and that higher atmospheric CO₂ concentrations will keep sustaining the increased vegetation growth, with social benefits partially compensating the climate change impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100646"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization design and techno-economic assessment of integrated solar photovoltaic thermal systems for modern agricultural greenhouses","authors":"Yitong Liu ,&nbsp;Chao Zhou ,&nbsp;Ahmad Riaz","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amid intensifying global climate change and a deepening energy crisis, the high energy consumption of agricultural greenhouses has become increasingly problematic. To address this issue and enhance environmental control within modern agricultural greenhouses, this study proposes an optimized design for a solar photovoltaic thermal (PVT) integrated system tailored for northern solar greenhouses. This design aims to achieve greenhouse energy self-sufficiency and promote sustainable agricultural development. The study outlines a system optimization methodology and a PVT unit layout strategy. This strategy includes double-sided placement on both interior and exterior surfaces of the bilateral gable walls, the use of adjustable racks on the rear wall, and the configuration of an internal heat dissipation system within the greenhouse. These measures collectively enhance the system's year-round comprehensive energy utilization efficiency. Using a typical solar greenhouse case in Shouguang City, Shandong Province, a system performance evaluation model is established. Theoretical analysis indicates that the system generates 35,422 kWh of electricity and 208,945 MJ of heat annually. This achieves an electrical energy self-sufficiency rate of 130.9 % and a thermal energy self-sufficiency rate of 139.4 %, effectively resolving the seasonal mismatch between energy supply and demand in the greenhouse. Comprehensive techno-economic analysis shows a total system investment of approximately CNY 172,300. The static investment payback period is 6.25 years, while accounting for equipment performance degradation yields a dynamic payback period of 9.1 years and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 10.6 %, demonstrating sound economic feasibility. Sensitivity analysis identifies initial investment costs and electricity price fluctuations as key factors influencing system economics. Environmental benefit assessment reveals that the system can displace 17.4 tons of standard coal annually, reducing CO₂ emissions by approximately 45.5 tons. Over a projected 25-year operational lifespan, cumulative CO₂ emission reductions are estimated at approximately 1139 tons. This study provides a technically viable, economically feasible, and environmentally friendly solution to the high energy consumption challenge of agricultural greenhouses, demonstrating significant practical value for advancing sustainable agriculture and optimizing energy structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100627"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}