This study examined the gut contents of 1, 939 larvae (2.28-14.60mm in total length) of bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus collected in 1981 and 1982 by larva-net tows in the waters around Nansei Islands, and described their feeding condition and morphological development. The larvae fed on small zooplankton, mainly copepods, in the daytime: those less than 5mm TL on copepoda nauplii of less than 0.3mm in body length, and those larger than 5mm TL on larger copepods, especially of genus Corycaeus. This significant improvement of feeding ability at 5mm TL was also recognized both from examination of empty stomach rate and wet weight of gut content. The analysis of relative growth of the larvae showed that their external shape became constant at about 5mm TL. These results suggest that the larvae larger than 5mm TL fed more efficiently than smaller ones, getting higher chance of survival.
{"title":"Feeding habit of bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus larvae in the western north Pacific Ocean","authors":"T. Saitô, K. Hiranuma, Y. Nishikawa","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.56.713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.56.713","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the gut contents of 1, 939 larvae (2.28-14.60mm in total length) of bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus collected in 1981 and 1982 by larva-net tows in the waters around Nansei Islands, and described their feeding condition and morphological development. The larvae fed on small zooplankton, mainly copepods, in the daytime: those less than 5mm TL on copepoda nauplii of less than 0.3mm in body length, and those larger than 5mm TL on larger copepods, especially of genus Corycaeus. This significant improvement of feeding ability at 5mm TL was also recognized both from examination of empty stomach rate and wet weight of gut content. The analysis of relative growth of the larvae showed that their external shape became constant at about 5mm TL. These results suggest that the larvae larger than 5mm TL fed more efficiently than smaller ones, getting higher chance of survival.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"250 1","pages":"713-717"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76302019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polymerization and gelation of carp myosin by microbial transglutaminase [isolated from Streptovertcillium sp.]","authors":"Haruo Tanaka, M. Nonaka, M. Motoki","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.56.1341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.56.1341","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85656989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Fujioka, Toyomi Takahashi, Tatsuaki Maeda, T. Nakatani, H. Matsushima
The annual life cycle and distribution of adult Lepidotrigla microptera were studied in the Mutsu Bay, Aomori Prefecture. The seasonal changes in gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, condition factor, and stomach contents index of samples obtained by experimental bottom trawls from March 1986 to July 1988 indicated that the annual life cycle of adult L.microptera was divided into the following four periods; wintering period (December-March), preparatory period for spawning (April-May), spawning period (June-August), and preparatory period for wintering (September-November). The habitat of L. microptera in this study area was not confirmed. However, at least a part of them were concentrated in relatively warm waters (6-9°C), i.e. the mouth of the bay in winter. In spring, most of them moved to the western part of the bay (West Bay) with rising bottom water temperature. In summer their habitat spread over the bay, and the fish concentrated toward the mouth of the bay in autumn. The annual life cycle and the space utilization pattern of adult L. microptera are thus associated greatly with seasonal changes in the bottom temperature.
{"title":"Annual life cycle and distribution of adult gurnard Lepidotrigla microptera in Mutsu bay, Aomori prefecture [Japan]","authors":"T. Fujioka, Toyomi Takahashi, Tatsuaki Maeda, T. Nakatani, H. Matsushima","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.56.1553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.56.1553","url":null,"abstract":"The annual life cycle and distribution of adult Lepidotrigla microptera were studied in the Mutsu Bay, Aomori Prefecture. The seasonal changes in gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, condition factor, and stomach contents index of samples obtained by experimental bottom trawls from March 1986 to July 1988 indicated that the annual life cycle of adult L.microptera was divided into the following four periods; wintering period (December-March), preparatory period for spawning (April-May), spawning period (June-August), and preparatory period for wintering (September-November). The habitat of L. microptera in this study area was not confirmed. However, at least a part of them were concentrated in relatively warm waters (6-9°C), i.e. the mouth of the bay in winter. In spring, most of them moved to the western part of the bay (West Bay) with rising bottom water temperature. In summer their habitat spread over the bay, and the fish concentrated toward the mouth of the bay in autumn. The annual life cycle and the space utilization pattern of adult L. microptera are thus associated greatly with seasonal changes in the bottom temperature.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"13 1","pages":"1553-1560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82427635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The role Of thyroid hormone on the development of larval and early juvenile red sea bream was studied by administrating thyroxine (T4) and thiourea (TU) as an anti-thyroidal agent. T4 treatment accelerated the appearance of black stripes on the body and the change in the habitat from the surface to the bottom of the aquarium. In contrast, TU treatment caused stasis of black stripes formation and delayaed the change in the habitat. These results indicate that thyroid hormone plays the role of an inducer in the morphological and behavioral transformation from post-larva to juvenile in red sea bream.
{"title":"Effects of thyroxine and thiourea on the development of larval red sea bream Pagrus major","authors":"Y. Hirata, H. Kurokura, S. Kasahara","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.55.1189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.55.1189","url":null,"abstract":"The role Of thyroid hormone on the development of larval and early juvenile red sea bream was studied by administrating thyroxine (T4) and thiourea (TU) as an anti-thyroidal agent. T4 treatment accelerated the appearance of black stripes on the body and the change in the habitat from the surface to the bottom of the aquarium. In contrast, TU treatment caused stasis of black stripes formation and delayaed the change in the habitat. These results indicate that thyroid hormone plays the role of an inducer in the morphological and behavioral transformation from post-larva to juvenile in red sea bream.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"9 1","pages":"1189-1195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87324264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Oshima, Mayu Hirota, T. Yasumoto, G. Hallegraeff, S. Blackburn, D. Steffensen
paralytic shellfish toxin production by mouse bioassay.1) The organism was first described from a red tide in Alexandria Harbour, Egypt2) and a recent reinvestiga tion of material from this sammmmme locality3) has demonstrated the synonymity of Alexandrium Halim and Protogonyaulax Toylor,4) which includes paralytic shellfish toxin producing species of the so-called tamarensis group. However, the precise chemical composition of the toxin produced by this dinoflagel late is still unknown. In the present study, toxins in dinoflagellate as well as mussels contaminated by the organism were analyzed by a high preformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method which has been specially developed for paralytic shellfish toxins.5)
{"title":"Production of paralytic shellfish toxins by the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum halim from Australia","authors":"Y. Oshima, Mayu Hirota, T. Yasumoto, G. Hallegraeff, S. Blackburn, D. Steffensen","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.55.925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.55.925","url":null,"abstract":"paralytic shellfish toxin production by mouse bioassay.1) The organism was first described from a red tide in Alexandria Harbour, Egypt2) and a recent reinvestiga tion of material from this sammmmme locality3) has demonstrated the synonymity of Alexandrium Halim and Protogonyaulax Toylor,4) which includes paralytic shellfish toxin producing species of the so-called tamarensis group. However, the precise chemical composition of the toxin produced by this dinoflagel late is still unknown. In the present study, toxins in dinoflagellate as well as mussels contaminated by the organism were analyzed by a high preformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method which has been specially developed for paralytic shellfish toxins.5)","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"45 1","pages":"925-925"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84245299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Matsui, H. Yamauchi, H. Suganuma, M. Ishida, S. Kimura
It was previously shown that among fishes in the suborder Salmonoidei, chum salmon and rainbow trout which belong to Salmonidae possessed the skin Type I collagens with a subunit composition of α1α2α3, contrasted to the collagen with (α1)2α2 of ayu which belongs to Plecoglossidae. In this study, soluble skin and/or muscle Type I collagens were isolated from seven fish species in Salmonoidei and characterized with respect to their subunit composition.Chromatographic and electrophoretic analyses revealed the existence of α1α2α3 heterotrimers in the skin Type I collagens of three other salmonid fishes (Japanese char, masu salmon, and coho salmon) and their α3 chains were distinct in chromatographic behaviour on CM-cellulose from those of many other teleosts. The muscle Type I collagen of Japanese char, however, was composed virtually of an (α1)2α2 heterotrimer, although the possible presence in trace amounts of an α1α2α3 heterotrimer could not be excluded; the same result was previously obtained for the muscle Type I collagen of chum salmon. These composite results indicated the tissue-specificexpression in salmonid fish of a Type I collagen α3 gene. On the other hand, the skin or muscle Type I collagens of several non-salmonid fishes (capelin, Japanese smelt, ayu, and icefish) were found to lack an α3 chain characteristic of many groups of teleosts and existed as (α1)2α2 heterotrimers.
{"title":"Subunit composition of type I collagen from fish in Salmonoidei","authors":"R. Matsui, H. Yamauchi, H. Suganuma, M. Ishida, S. Kimura","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.55.1421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.55.1421","url":null,"abstract":"It was previously shown that among fishes in the suborder Salmonoidei, chum salmon and rainbow trout which belong to Salmonidae possessed the skin Type I collagens with a subunit composition of α1α2α3, contrasted to the collagen with (α1)2α2 of ayu which belongs to Plecoglossidae. In this study, soluble skin and/or muscle Type I collagens were isolated from seven fish species in Salmonoidei and characterized with respect to their subunit composition.Chromatographic and electrophoretic analyses revealed the existence of α1α2α3 heterotrimers in the skin Type I collagens of three other salmonid fishes (Japanese char, masu salmon, and coho salmon) and their α3 chains were distinct in chromatographic behaviour on CM-cellulose from those of many other teleosts. The muscle Type I collagen of Japanese char, however, was composed virtually of an (α1)2α2 heterotrimer, although the possible presence in trace amounts of an α1α2α3 heterotrimer could not be excluded; the same result was previously obtained for the muscle Type I collagen of chum salmon. These composite results indicated the tissue-specificexpression in salmonid fish of a Type I collagen α3 gene. On the other hand, the skin or muscle Type I collagens of several non-salmonid fishes (capelin, Japanese smelt, ayu, and icefish) were found to lack an α3 chain characteristic of many groups of teleosts and existed as (α1)2α2 heterotrimers.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"55 1","pages":"1421-1426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87365275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Growth, life span and spawning season of the oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana were studied in the outer waters adjacent to the Kii Channel, Japan. The spawning season was estimated during June to September. The von Bertalanffy's equations were applied to monthly size compositions. They were Lt=23.2[1-exp{-0.354(t+0.044)}] for female and Lt=25.7[1-exp{-0.408(t-0.063)}] for male, where Lt was mean mantle length (cm) at t months after hatching in August. These growth rates were much larger than those observed in aquaria. The life span was one year: S. lessoniana hatched out in summer and died just after spawning in next summer.
{"title":"Notes on ecology of the oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana in outer waters adjacent to the Kii channel [Japan]","authors":"Y. Ueta, Y. Jo","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.55.1699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.55.1699","url":null,"abstract":"Growth, life span and spawning season of the oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana were studied in the outer waters adjacent to the Kii Channel, Japan. The spawning season was estimated during June to September. The von Bertalanffy's equations were applied to monthly size compositions. They were Lt=23.2[1-exp{-0.354(t+0.044)}] for female and Lt=25.7[1-exp{-0.408(t-0.063)}] for male, where Lt was mean mantle length (cm) at t months after hatching in August. These growth rates were much larger than those observed in aquaria. The life span was one year: S. lessoniana hatched out in summer and died just after spawning in next summer.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"227 1","pages":"1699-1702"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77702170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seasonal changes of gonosomatic indices (GSI) and histological characteristics of ovaries in two genetically distinctive sympatric groups of sand lance from the region, east of Cape Soya, were compared. GSI values of one group which was fixed for Ldh-2(300) (W-b group) started to increase at least three months earlier than the other one group which was fixed for Ldh-2(100) (W-a group). In both sexes of W-b group, their GSI exceed 20.0 in November, while GSI of females in W-a group in this month were less than 5.0 in most case. Several specimens of W-a group collect ed in May, had ripe eggs or sperm which had the ability to fertilize and develop. Remaining specimens after spawning whose ovaries were occupied by oocytes at the peri-nucleolus stage, and many empty follicles and several remained ripe eggs were observed. While, in ovaries of the W-b group in the same sample, oocytes at the oil droplet stage were dominant, and no empty follicle or remained eggs were found. From these results the spawning period is supposed to be late Novem ber to December in W-b group, and late March to early May in the W-a group. The difference in their reproductive cycles would play an important role as a mechanism for reproductive isolation between these two sympatric groups.
{"title":"Comparison of reproductive cycle between two genetically distinctive groups of sand lance (Genus Ammodytes) from northern Hokkaido [Japan]","authors":"H. Okamoto, H. Sato, K. Shimazaki","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.55.1935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.55.1935","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal changes of gonosomatic indices (GSI) and histological characteristics of ovaries in two genetically distinctive sympatric groups of sand lance from the region, east of Cape Soya, were compared. GSI values of one group which was fixed for Ldh-2(300) (W-b group) started to increase at least three months earlier than the other one group which was fixed for Ldh-2(100) (W-a group). In both sexes of W-b group, their GSI exceed 20.0 in November, while GSI of females in W-a group in this month were less than 5.0 in most case. Several specimens of W-a group collect ed in May, had ripe eggs or sperm which had the ability to fertilize and develop. Remaining specimens after spawning whose ovaries were occupied by oocytes at the peri-nucleolus stage, and many empty follicles and several remained ripe eggs were observed. While, in ovaries of the W-b group in the same sample, oocytes at the oil droplet stage were dominant, and no empty follicle or remained eggs were found. From these results the spawning period is supposed to be late Novem ber to December in W-b group, and late March to early May in the W-a group. The difference in their reproductive cycles would play an important role as a mechanism for reproductive isolation between these two sympatric groups.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"15 1","pages":"1935-1940"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88756552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Yamanaka, Jun-Gang Wu, N. Komagata, A. Suzuki, R. Kuwabara, R. Hirano
Chromosomes of echinoid species have been stud ied by several researchers by using sectioning or squash method,1-3) but karyotypic details are not clearly known. Saotome4) established an air-drying method using Ca-Mg-free sea water and 1mm 3amino-1, 2, 4-triazole for eight species of Japanese sea urchins. According to her report, the chromosome numbers in Japanese sea urchins were found to have three orders, i.e., Arbacioida (2n=44), Echinoida (2n =42) and Clypeasteroida (2n=46). We obtained clear metaphase chromosome plates from blastema in our study by applying a flame drying method (Fig. 1), which is much simpler than that of Saotome.4) This report presents the new flame-drying method and karyotype of a common sea urchin Pseudocentrotus depressus.
{"title":"A method of chromosome observation and karyotype in Pseudocentrotus depressus","authors":"K. Yamanaka, Jun-Gang Wu, N. Komagata, A. Suzuki, R. Kuwabara, R. Hirano","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.55.1465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.55.1465","url":null,"abstract":"Chromosomes of echinoid species have been stud ied by several researchers by using sectioning or squash method,1-3) but karyotypic details are not clearly known. Saotome4) established an air-drying method using Ca-Mg-free sea water and 1mm 3amino-1, 2, 4-triazole for eight species of Japanese sea urchins. According to her report, the chromosome numbers in Japanese sea urchins were found to have three orders, i.e., Arbacioida (2n=44), Echinoida (2n =42) and Clypeasteroida (2n=46). We obtained clear metaphase chromosome plates from blastema in our study by applying a flame drying method (Fig. 1), which is much simpler than that of Saotome.4) This report presents the new flame-drying method and karyotype of a common sea urchin Pseudocentrotus depressus.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"40 1","pages":"1465-1465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80378882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The distribution of the Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria and its relationship to fishing grounds in Tokyo Bay [Japan]","authors":"J. Ohtomi, Jong-Soo Park, M. Shimizu","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.55.1529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.55.1529","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"2016 1","pages":"1529-1538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87779415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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