Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.3389/fsens.2023.1284043
Dermot Diamond, Rick A. Relyea, Margaret McCaul
Human activities are causing global change around the world including habitat destruction, invasive species in non-native ecosystems, overexploitation, pollution, and global climate change. While traditional monitoring has long been used to quantify and aid mitigation of global change, in-situ autonomous sensors are being increasingly used for environmental monitoring. Sensors and sensor platforms that can be deployed in developed and remote areas and allow high-frequency data collection, which is critical for parameters that exhibit important short-term dynamics on the scale of days, hours, or minutes. In this article, we discuss the benefits of in-situ autonomous sensors in aquatic ecosystems as well as the many challenges that we have experienced over many years of working with these technologies. These challenges include decisions on sensor locations, sensor types, analytical specification, sensor calibration, sensor drift, the role of environmental conditions, sensor fouling, service intervals, cost of ownership, and data QA/QC. These challenges result in important tradeoffs when making decisions regarding which sensors to deploy, particularly when a network of sensors is desired to cover a large area. We also review recent advances in designing and building chemical-sensor platforms that are allowing researchers to develop the next-generation of autonomous sensors and the power of integrating multiple sensors into a network that provides increased insight into the dynamics of water quality over space and time. In the coming years, there will be an exponential growth in data related to aquatic sensing, which will be an essential part of global efforts to monitor and mitigate global change and its adverse impacts on society.
{"title":"Understanding and mitigating global change with aquatic sensors: current challenges and future prospects","authors":"Dermot Diamond, Rick A. Relyea, Margaret McCaul","doi":"10.3389/fsens.2023.1284043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2023.1284043","url":null,"abstract":"Human activities are causing global change around the world including habitat destruction, invasive species in non-native ecosystems, overexploitation, pollution, and global climate change. While traditional monitoring has long been used to quantify and aid mitigation of global change, in-situ autonomous sensors are being increasingly used for environmental monitoring. Sensors and sensor platforms that can be deployed in developed and remote areas and allow high-frequency data collection, which is critical for parameters that exhibit important short-term dynamics on the scale of days, hours, or minutes. In this article, we discuss the benefits of in-situ autonomous sensors in aquatic ecosystems as well as the many challenges that we have experienced over many years of working with these technologies. These challenges include decisions on sensor locations, sensor types, analytical specification, sensor calibration, sensor drift, the role of environmental conditions, sensor fouling, service intervals, cost of ownership, and data QA/QC. These challenges result in important tradeoffs when making decisions regarding which sensors to deploy, particularly when a network of sensors is desired to cover a large area. We also review recent advances in designing and building chemical-sensor platforms that are allowing researchers to develop the next-generation of autonomous sensors and the power of integrating multiple sensors into a network that provides increased insight into the dynamics of water quality over space and time. In the coming years, there will be an exponential growth in data related to aquatic sensing, which will be an essential part of global efforts to monitor and mitigate global change and its adverse impacts on society.","PeriodicalId":93754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sensors","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.3389/fsens.2023.1279158
Myriam Ben Arous, Ines Haddar, Alex Truong, Johannes C. Ayena, Youssef Ouakrim, Leila El Kamel, Belkacem Chikhaoui, Neila Mezghani
People with urinary incontinence (UI) often face a significant social stigma feeling ashamed of their condition and worrying about others discovering it. In order to improve the quality of life of those with incontinence, recent technological advancements enabled the development of non-invasive devices for detecting urinary leakage (UL). However, no comprehensive study has been conducted to state the most suitable types of sensors and the fundamental features necessary to design such devices, while also pointing gaps for future research. To address this, we conducted a mini review using four electronic databases limiting our search to English-written papers published in peer-reviewed journals. We retrieved articles that met the chosen inclusion criteria and classified them based on sensor type used, its location, the detection technique employed, and whether it was an e-Textile design and a reusable product or not. Across the studies, UL was detected using different approaches leading to heterogeneous results. Electrodes commonly used as sensing elements, along with textile as substrate material, and an indicator of UL based on resistance value, appeared to be widely exploited. However, the outcomes were not correlated with any specific type of UI. Consequently, we hypothesize that any non-invasive device could potentially be used for different types of UI. Nevertheless, further studies need to be conducted to confirm this statement. The designed literature mapping provides readers with an overview of the recent non-invasive wearable technologies in UL detection and offers a roadmap for future innovations.
{"title":"Non-invasive wearable devices for urinary incontinence detection—a mini review","authors":"Myriam Ben Arous, Ines Haddar, Alex Truong, Johannes C. Ayena, Youssef Ouakrim, Leila El Kamel, Belkacem Chikhaoui, Neila Mezghani","doi":"10.3389/fsens.2023.1279158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2023.1279158","url":null,"abstract":"People with urinary incontinence (UI) often face a significant social stigma feeling ashamed of their condition and worrying about others discovering it. In order to improve the quality of life of those with incontinence, recent technological advancements enabled the development of non-invasive devices for detecting urinary leakage (UL). However, no comprehensive study has been conducted to state the most suitable types of sensors and the fundamental features necessary to design such devices, while also pointing gaps for future research. To address this, we conducted a mini review using four electronic databases limiting our search to English-written papers published in peer-reviewed journals. We retrieved articles that met the chosen inclusion criteria and classified them based on sensor type used, its location, the detection technique employed, and whether it was an e-Textile design and a reusable product or not. Across the studies, UL was detected using different approaches leading to heterogeneous results. Electrodes commonly used as sensing elements, along with textile as substrate material, and an indicator of UL based on resistance value, appeared to be widely exploited. However, the outcomes were not correlated with any specific type of UI. Consequently, we hypothesize that any non-invasive device could potentially be used for different types of UI. Nevertheless, further studies need to be conducted to confirm this statement. The designed literature mapping provides readers with an overview of the recent non-invasive wearable technologies in UL detection and offers a roadmap for future innovations.","PeriodicalId":93754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sensors","volume":" 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135292200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Impedance microbiology was explored to provide insights into how a sensor that can monitor the growth of bacteria in vegetated bioretention systems (rain gardens) may be designed for in situ , real-time use. The impedance properties of Pseudomonas Putida samples were monitored under AC signals of 100 mV peak-to-peak and sweeping frequencies of 20 Hz–300 kHz, to determine relationships between these properties and biomass in the laboratory. The capacitance of the samples was found to be the most sensitive impedance parameter, with average change in magnitude of 37% due to bacterial growth. For verification, optical density measurements were taken and calibrated by direct hemocytometry counts of similar samples, simultaneously with the impedance testing. The experiments revealed that exponential relationships enable a good estimate of the biomass available in the medium, based on the change in capacitance. The detection range of the proposed system (in the range of tested strain) is approximately ∼9.2 × 10 6 cells/mL to ∼5 × 10 8 cells/mL.
{"title":"Impedance properties of biomass in support of practical mensuration in rain gardens","authors":"Farhad Jalilian, Caterina Valeo, Angus Chu, Rustom Bhiladvala","doi":"10.3389/fsens.2023.1242886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2023.1242886","url":null,"abstract":"Impedance microbiology was explored to provide insights into how a sensor that can monitor the growth of bacteria in vegetated bioretention systems (rain gardens) may be designed for in situ , real-time use. The impedance properties of Pseudomonas Putida samples were monitored under AC signals of 100 mV peak-to-peak and sweeping frequencies of 20 Hz–300 kHz, to determine relationships between these properties and biomass in the laboratory. The capacitance of the samples was found to be the most sensitive impedance parameter, with average change in magnitude of 37% due to bacterial growth. For verification, optical density measurements were taken and calibrated by direct hemocytometry counts of similar samples, simultaneously with the impedance testing. The experiments revealed that exponential relationships enable a good estimate of the biomass available in the medium, based on the change in capacitance. The detection range of the proposed system (in the range of tested strain) is approximately ∼9.2 × 10 6 cells/mL to ∼5 × 10 8 cells/mL.","PeriodicalId":93754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sensors","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.3389/fsens.2023.1283402
Swarup Kumar Subudhi, Siddhartha Das
Over the past few decades, Lab-on-a-chip (LoC) devices have made health diagnostics easier and cheaper by enabling rapid, hassle-free, and inexpensive measurements of different biochemical markers, properties of epidermally retrievable biofluids (e.g., sweat and interstitial fluids), etc. The miniaturization of these sensing technologies along with the integration of flexible frameworks (microfluidic assemblies and electronics) and user-friendly software have paved the way for autonomous and continuous tracking of human health parameters. However, with emerging new technologies, there are new and complex challenges, especially in the case of these miniature LoC devices. Although microfluidics-specific challenges such as analyte contamination, flow rate variability, improving detection specificity, etc. are being worked upon, the bigger question is: how reliable are these wearable devices in the long run? This perspective piece initially talks about the state-of-the-art LoC technologies that have been incorporated into wearable devices. Next, the perspective identifies some of the reliability studies conducted (as well as overlooked) on the integrated wearable electronics used. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges and future directions of research in the field of reliability of LoC-based wearable electronics.
{"title":"Reliability of lab-on-a-chip technologies for wearable electronics: a perspective","authors":"Swarup Kumar Subudhi, Siddhartha Das","doi":"10.3389/fsens.2023.1283402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2023.1283402","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, Lab-on-a-chip (LoC) devices have made health diagnostics easier and cheaper by enabling rapid, hassle-free, and inexpensive measurements of different biochemical markers, properties of epidermally retrievable biofluids (e.g., sweat and interstitial fluids), etc. The miniaturization of these sensing technologies along with the integration of flexible frameworks (microfluidic assemblies and electronics) and user-friendly software have paved the way for autonomous and continuous tracking of human health parameters. However, with emerging new technologies, there are new and complex challenges, especially in the case of these miniature LoC devices. Although microfluidics-specific challenges such as analyte contamination, flow rate variability, improving detection specificity, etc. are being worked upon, the bigger question is: how reliable are these wearable devices in the long run? This perspective piece initially talks about the state-of-the-art LoC technologies that have been incorporated into wearable devices. Next, the perspective identifies some of the reliability studies conducted (as well as overlooked) on the integrated wearable electronics used. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges and future directions of research in the field of reliability of LoC-based wearable electronics.","PeriodicalId":93754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sensors","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.3389/fsens.2023.1250756
Julius Wörner, Maurice Moelleken, Joachim Dissemond, Miriam Pein-Hackelbusch
Wound infections are a major problem worldwide, both for the healthcare system and for patients affected. Currently available diagnostic methods to determine the responsible germs are time-consuming and costly. Wound infections are mostly caused by various bacteria, which in turn produce volatile organic compounds. From clinical experience, we know that depending on the bacteria involved, a specific odor impression can be expected. For this reason, we hypothesized that electronic noses, i.e., non-invasive electronic sensors for the detection of volatile organic compounds, are applicable for diagnostic purposes. By providing a comprehensive overview of the state-of-research, we tested our hypothesis. In particular, we addressed three overarching questions: 1) which sensor technologies are suitable for the diagnosis of wound infections and why? 2) how must the (biological) sample be prepared and presented to the measurement system? 3) which machine learning methods and algorithms have already proven successful for the classification of microorganisms? The corresponding articles have critically been reviewed and are discussed particularly in the context of their potential for clinical diagnostics. In summary, it can already be stated today that the use of electronic noses for the detection of bacteria in wound infections is a very interesting, fast and non-invasive method. However, reliable clinical studies are still missing and further research is necessary.
{"title":"Supporting wound infection diagnosis: advancements and challenges with electronic noses","authors":"Julius Wörner, Maurice Moelleken, Joachim Dissemond, Miriam Pein-Hackelbusch","doi":"10.3389/fsens.2023.1250756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2023.1250756","url":null,"abstract":"Wound infections are a major problem worldwide, both for the healthcare system and for patients affected. Currently available diagnostic methods to determine the responsible germs are time-consuming and costly. Wound infections are mostly caused by various bacteria, which in turn produce volatile organic compounds. From clinical experience, we know that depending on the bacteria involved, a specific odor impression can be expected. For this reason, we hypothesized that electronic noses, i.e., non-invasive electronic sensors for the detection of volatile organic compounds, are applicable for diagnostic purposes. By providing a comprehensive overview of the state-of-research, we tested our hypothesis. In particular, we addressed three overarching questions: 1) which sensor technologies are suitable for the diagnosis of wound infections and why? 2) how must the (biological) sample be prepared and presented to the measurement system? 3) which machine learning methods and algorithms have already proven successful for the classification of microorganisms? The corresponding articles have critically been reviewed and are discussed particularly in the context of their potential for clinical diagnostics. In summary, it can already be stated today that the use of electronic noses for the detection of bacteria in wound infections is a very interesting, fast and non-invasive method. However, reliable clinical studies are still missing and further research is necessary.","PeriodicalId":93754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sensors","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134911271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.3389/fsens.2023.1170280
Chuanlai Zang, Hao-Long Zhou, K. Ma, Y. Yano, Shuowei Li, H. Yamahara, M. Seki, Tetsuya Iizuka, H. Tabata
To mimic the human olfactory system, an electronic nose (E-nose, also known as artificial olfactory) has been proposed based on a multiple gas sensor array and a pattern recognition algorithm. Detection of volatile organic components (VOCs) has many potential applications in breath analysis, food quality estimation, and indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring, etc. In this study, a facile single-needle electrospinning technology was applied to develop the four different semiconductor metal oxide (MOS) nanofibers sensor arrays (SnO2, CuO, In2O3 and ZnO, respectively). The array shows a smooth surface and constant diameter of nanofiber (average of 150 nm) resulting in high sensitivity to multiple target analyte gases. Five human health related VOCs gases were measured by fabricated E-nose and different response patterns were obtained from four MOS nanofibers sensors. Combined with feature extraction from the response curves, a principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm was applied to reduce the dimension of feature matrix, Thus, the fabricated E-nose system successfully discriminated five different VOCs gases. Real-time and non-invasive gas monitoring by E-nose is very promising for application in human health monitoring, food monitoring, and other fields.
{"title":"Electronic nose based on multiple electrospinning nanofibers sensor array and application in gas classification","authors":"Chuanlai Zang, Hao-Long Zhou, K. Ma, Y. Yano, Shuowei Li, H. Yamahara, M. Seki, Tetsuya Iizuka, H. Tabata","doi":"10.3389/fsens.2023.1170280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2023.1170280","url":null,"abstract":"To mimic the human olfactory system, an electronic nose (E-nose, also known as artificial olfactory) has been proposed based on a multiple gas sensor array and a pattern recognition algorithm. Detection of volatile organic components (VOCs) has many potential applications in breath analysis, food quality estimation, and indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring, etc. In this study, a facile single-needle electrospinning technology was applied to develop the four different semiconductor metal oxide (MOS) nanofibers sensor arrays (SnO2, CuO, In2O3 and ZnO, respectively). The array shows a smooth surface and constant diameter of nanofiber (average of 150 nm) resulting in high sensitivity to multiple target analyte gases. Five human health related VOCs gases were measured by fabricated E-nose and different response patterns were obtained from four MOS nanofibers sensors. Combined with feature extraction from the response curves, a principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm was applied to reduce the dimension of feature matrix, Thus, the fabricated E-nose system successfully discriminated five different VOCs gases. Real-time and non-invasive gas monitoring by E-nose is very promising for application in human health monitoring, food monitoring, and other fields.","PeriodicalId":93754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sensors","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44538160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.3389/fsens.2023.1143080
Thokozani Mpanza, Sunday A. Ogundipe, C. Ndlangamandla, H. Swart, S. Nkosi
The detection and monitoring of H2S gas at high and lower concentrations is very crucial since this gas is highly toxic and can affect tissues and organs, especially in occupational environment. This work reports on the synthesis of WO3 nanostructures-based sensors for highly sensitive and selective H2S detection at low operating temperatures. These WO3 nanostructures were synthesized using pressurized hydrothermal process. Different acids from weak to strong (HNO3, H2SO4, and HCl) were employed as precipitants to form supposedly hierarchical and cube-like nanostructures of WO3. These WO3 nanostructures were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS and BET analysis. The fabricated WO3 sensors were exposed to different target gases (CO2, H2, CH4, NH3, LPG and H2S) at different concentrations. They were found to be selective to H2S, and the WO3 precipitated by HCl otherwise referred to as WO3-HCl was found to be highly sensitive, with high response of S = 1394.04 towards 150 ppm of H2S at 125°C operating temperature. The WO3 precipitated by H2SO4 named WO3-H2SO4 showed a high response of 141.64 at 125°C operating temperature. Lastly, WO3 precipitated by HNO3 called WO3-HNO3, recorded a H2S response of 125.75 also at 125°C operating temperature. The HCl-precipitated WO3 is a promising candidate for selective detection of H2S, being the most sensitive in the series.
{"title":"The effect of acids precipitants on the synthesis of WO3 hierarchical nanostructures for highly selective and sensitive H2S detection","authors":"Thokozani Mpanza, Sunday A. Ogundipe, C. Ndlangamandla, H. Swart, S. Nkosi","doi":"10.3389/fsens.2023.1143080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2023.1143080","url":null,"abstract":"The detection and monitoring of H2S gas at high and lower concentrations is very crucial since this gas is highly toxic and can affect tissues and organs, especially in occupational environment. This work reports on the synthesis of WO3 nanostructures-based sensors for highly sensitive and selective H2S detection at low operating temperatures. These WO3 nanostructures were synthesized using pressurized hydrothermal process. Different acids from weak to strong (HNO3, H2SO4, and HCl) were employed as precipitants to form supposedly hierarchical and cube-like nanostructures of WO3. These WO3 nanostructures were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS and BET analysis. The fabricated WO3 sensors were exposed to different target gases (CO2, H2, CH4, NH3, LPG and H2S) at different concentrations. They were found to be selective to H2S, and the WO3 precipitated by HCl otherwise referred to as WO3-HCl was found to be highly sensitive, with high response of S = 1394.04 towards 150 ppm of H2S at 125°C operating temperature. The WO3 precipitated by H2SO4 named WO3-H2SO4 showed a high response of 141.64 at 125°C operating temperature. Lastly, WO3 precipitated by HNO3 called WO3-HNO3, recorded a H2S response of 125.75 also at 125°C operating temperature. The HCl-precipitated WO3 is a promising candidate for selective detection of H2S, being the most sensitive in the series.","PeriodicalId":93754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sensors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48182479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.3389/fsens.2023.1015403
E. Rehnberg, Katrijn Quaghebeur, Bjorn Baselet, N. Rajan, T. Shazly, L. Moroni, S. Baatout, Kevin Tabury
Human presence in space has uncovered several health concerns related to the space environment that need to be addressed for future space missions. The hostile space environment includes radiation and microgravity that cause various pathophysiological effects. Among them are conditions related to the cardiovascular system. The cardiovascular system shows a dysfunctional and deconditioning state, similar to ageing on Earth, once exposed to the space environment. As we aim for longer space missions to the Moon, Mars, and thus into deep space, better understanding, monitoring, and development of countermeasures for these accelerated ageing processes are necessary. Biomarkers and their integration into biosensors therefore become important tools to understand the underlying mechanisms, develop countermeasures and monitor accelerated cardiovascular ageing. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of the space environment and its effects on the human cardiovascular system. We list the known potential cardiovascular ageing biomarkers relevant to space along with our current knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular ageing. We also explore in more details about the various biosensors used, their specifications, and how lab-on-a-chip systems are crucial to the development of these biosensors for tracking cardiovascular ageing during upcoming space missions.
{"title":"Biomarkers for biosensors to monitor space-induced cardiovascular ageing","authors":"E. Rehnberg, Katrijn Quaghebeur, Bjorn Baselet, N. Rajan, T. Shazly, L. Moroni, S. Baatout, Kevin Tabury","doi":"10.3389/fsens.2023.1015403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2023.1015403","url":null,"abstract":"Human presence in space has uncovered several health concerns related to the space environment that need to be addressed for future space missions. The hostile space environment includes radiation and microgravity that cause various pathophysiological effects. Among them are conditions related to the cardiovascular system. The cardiovascular system shows a dysfunctional and deconditioning state, similar to ageing on Earth, once exposed to the space environment. As we aim for longer space missions to the Moon, Mars, and thus into deep space, better understanding, monitoring, and development of countermeasures for these accelerated ageing processes are necessary. Biomarkers and their integration into biosensors therefore become important tools to understand the underlying mechanisms, develop countermeasures and monitor accelerated cardiovascular ageing. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of the space environment and its effects on the human cardiovascular system. We list the known potential cardiovascular ageing biomarkers relevant to space along with our current knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular ageing. We also explore in more details about the various biosensors used, their specifications, and how lab-on-a-chip systems are crucial to the development of these biosensors for tracking cardiovascular ageing during upcoming space missions.","PeriodicalId":93754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sensors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49670265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-10DOI: 10.3389/fsens.2022.1080037
Zachary D. Call, Alli Dolence, Jason Boes, Charles S. Henry
Infectious diseases account for millions of deaths each year. To reduce the number of infectious disease related deaths, diagnostic testing needs to be more accessible to patients in low-income countries as well as developed countries. Current diagnostic methods involve centralized laboratories, trained personnel, and are time-intensive, limiting translation to the point-of-care (POC). Microfluidic devices are a popular alternative for diagnostics due to reduced assay times, reduced sample volume, and lower cost. Microfluidic devices are small (<10 cm) and can perform complex assays. Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) are a popular approach to help translate diagnostics to the POC but historically suffer from poor sensitivity when compared to established laboratory methods. Magnetically labeling analytes allows samples to be sorted resulting in improved sensitivity and specificity. Microfluidic magnetophoresis is the process of manipulating magnetic particles in a magnetic field and offers the ability to wash and concentrate a sample during flow. However, until recently, magnetophoresis has not been used in conjunction with µPADs because magnetophoresis requires complex and expensive instrumentation to control flow. Coupling magnetophoresis with µPADs enables pump-free flow control, simple operation, and low cost. Early magnetophoresis µPADs showed detection limits similar to traditional methods but higher than targets for clinical use. In this work, we demonstrate a novel, simple MagnEtophoretic Slider Assay (MeSA) that is free of any external instrumentation and offers a new platform for POC diagnostics. We demonstrate the assay’s capability through biotin competitive assays and a sandwich immunoassay for E. coli detection. The calculated limit of detection for E. coli was 1.62 × 103 Colony Forming Units per mL (CFU/ml). The work described is a novel and simple microfluidic platform that has potential for a wide range of future applications.
{"title":"MagnEtophoretic Slider Assay (MeSA): A simple platform for point-of-care diagnostics","authors":"Zachary D. Call, Alli Dolence, Jason Boes, Charles S. Henry","doi":"10.3389/fsens.2022.1080037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2022.1080037","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious diseases account for millions of deaths each year. To reduce the number of infectious disease related deaths, diagnostic testing needs to be more accessible to patients in low-income countries as well as developed countries. Current diagnostic methods involve centralized laboratories, trained personnel, and are time-intensive, limiting translation to the point-of-care (POC). Microfluidic devices are a popular alternative for diagnostics due to reduced assay times, reduced sample volume, and lower cost. Microfluidic devices are small (<10 cm) and can perform complex assays. Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) are a popular approach to help translate diagnostics to the POC but historically suffer from poor sensitivity when compared to established laboratory methods. Magnetically labeling analytes allows samples to be sorted resulting in improved sensitivity and specificity. Microfluidic magnetophoresis is the process of manipulating magnetic particles in a magnetic field and offers the ability to wash and concentrate a sample during flow. However, until recently, magnetophoresis has not been used in conjunction with µPADs because magnetophoresis requires complex and expensive instrumentation to control flow. Coupling magnetophoresis with µPADs enables pump-free flow control, simple operation, and low cost. Early magnetophoresis µPADs showed detection limits similar to traditional methods but higher than targets for clinical use. In this work, we demonstrate a novel, simple MagnEtophoretic Slider Assay (MeSA) that is free of any external instrumentation and offers a new platform for POC diagnostics. We demonstrate the assay’s capability through biotin competitive assays and a sandwich immunoassay for E. coli detection. The calculated limit of detection for E. coli was 1.62 × 103 Colony Forming Units per mL (CFU/ml). The work described is a novel and simple microfluidic platform that has potential for a wide range of future applications.","PeriodicalId":93754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sensors","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42297101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.3389/fsens.2022.1087115
Junjie Wang, S. Giordani, Valentina Marassi, B. Roda, P. Reschiglian, A. Zattoni
Introduction: Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and their conjugates are used for many applications in the field of sensors. Literature lacks procedures able to separate, purify and characterize these species in native conditions without altering them while assuring a high throughput. This technological gap can be reduced by exploiting Asymmetrical Flow Field Flow Fractionation multidetection platforms (AF4 multidetection). Method: This work describes a complete set of strategies based on the AF4 system, from nanoparticle synthesis to separative method optimization to conjugates screening and characterization, achieving quantitative control and purification of ready-to-use conjugated Gold nanoparticles and ensuring effectiveness in biosensing. Results and Discussion: AF4-multidetection was used to study AuNPs with different types of surface coating [Poly ethylene glycol, (PEG) and Citrate], their binding behaviour with protein (Bovine serum albumin, BSA) and their stability after conjugation to BSA. A robust but flexible method was developed, able to be applied to different AuNPs and conjugating molecules. The morphology and conjugation mechanism of AuNPs-BSA conjugates were evaluated by combining online Multiangle light scattering (MALS) and offline Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measures, which provided an important feature for the quality control required to optimize bio-probe synthesis and subsequent bioassays.
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