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Five themes for ecostylistics 生态文体学的五大主题
Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.1515/jwl-2022-0026
A. Goatly
Abstract Fundamentally, meaning is organized along two dimensions, similarity and contiguity, corresponding to two areas of the brain primarily responsible for language processing, Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area, respectively. Modern culture has tended to overemphasize the similarity dimension through money/commodification in capitalism, and mathematics in science, with disastrous ecological consequences. Ecostylistics can celebrate and analyze themes and linguistic patterns of poetry and novels which challenge this overemphasis. Five such themes are suggested in this article. To counter overemphasis on similarity (1) individuation. To celebrate Broca’s area’s contiguity dimension (2) dynamic process, and (3) interrelatedness and communication with the natural world. However, concentration on local contiguities of time, manifest in the contemporary English-speaking novel, distracts from the global contiguities of (4) long-term ecological change. (5) The two dimensions are also manifest in metaphor, which challenges conventional similarity-based classification, and narrative, which expands the contiguity dimension beyond the clause. These themes are illustrated by poetic examples from Wordsworth and Edward Thomas, and detailed analysis of the following texts: Gerard Manley Hopkins’ “As Kingfishers Catch Fire” and “Nature is a Heraclitean Fire”; Edward Thomas’s “The Word”, Alice Oswald’s “Sonnet” and “Birdsong for Two Voices”, and, returning to a text whose analysis by Michael Halliday was seminal for Stylistics, William Golding’s The Inheritors. Transitivity analysis within the framework of Systemic Functional Grammar is used throughout, and connections are made with quantum physics, Daoism, and other process philosophies.
从根本上说,意义是由两个维度组成的:相似性和连续性,分别对应于大脑中主要负责语言处理的两个区域:韦尼克区和布罗卡区。现代文化倾向于通过资本主义中的货币/商品化和科学中的数学来过度强调相似性维度,这带来了灾难性的生态后果。生态文体学可以赞美和分析诗歌和小说的主题和语言模式,这些主题和语言模式挑战了这种过度强调。本文提出了五个这样的主题。为了防止过分强调相似性(1)个性化。为了庆祝布洛卡地区的邻近维度(2)动态过程,以及(3)与自然世界的相互联系和交流。然而,在当代英语小说中表现出来的对局部时间连续性的关注,分散了对长期生态变化的全球连续性的关注。(5)这两个维度也体现在隐喻和叙事上,前者挑战了传统的基于相似性的分类,后者将邻近维度扩展到小句之外。这些主题通过华兹华斯和爱德华·托马斯的诗歌例子来说明,并详细分析了以下文本:杰拉德·曼利·霍普金斯的《翠鸟着火》和《自然是一团赫拉克利特之火》;爱德华·托马斯的《词》,爱丽丝·奥斯瓦尔德的《十四行诗》和《双声鸟鸣》,以及威廉·戈尔丁的《继承者》,再回到迈克尔·韩礼德对文体学产生重大影响的文本分析。在系统功能语法框架内的及物性分析贯穿始终,并与量子物理、道教和其他过程哲学建立了联系。
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引用次数: 4
Developing e-reading pedagogies informed by research 发展电子阅读教学法的研究
Pub Date : 2022-08-18 DOI: 10.1515/jwl-2021-0024
Ángel Garralda Ortega, Abel Hon Man Cheung, Michelle Yuen-shan Fong
Abstract This paper explores whether the reading comprehension of complex texts can be facilitated through an online reading platform designed for novice readers with English proficiencies below the Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) threshold. We hypothesize that computer-mediated text glosses could speed up lower-level processing in the readers’ working memory and thus enhance the overall comprehension of complex texts for study purposes. We tested 46 participants with estimated International English Language Testing System (IELTS) reading scores between 5 and 5.5, sampled from a pool of 1,406 students who took a diagnostic reading test and 631 students who completed a survey on their reading practices. Our participants were randomly assigned to read one General Reading IELTS text and one Academic Reading IELTS text, either on an on-screen Word file or on the e-reading platform with the glossing tool. The tests were video-recorded and the participants completed post-test interviews for further qualitative analysis. While the Mixed-model ANOVA did not suggest an interaction effect between the two language proficiency categories and the mode in which the tests were administered, it revealed a main effect on the use of online reading (p < 0.01) across the 5–5.5 IELTS spectrum, indicating that the electronic glosses enhanced reading comprehension. Implications for further research and pedagogy are discussed.
摘要本文探讨了一个为英语水平低于认知学术语言能力(Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency, CALP)阈值的新手读者设计的在线阅读平台是否能促进复杂文本的阅读理解。我们假设计算机介导的文本注释可以加速读者工作记忆中的低级加工,从而提高对复杂文本的整体理解,以达到学习目的。我们从1406名参加诊断性阅读测试的学生和631名完成阅读实践调查的学生中抽样,对46名参与者进行了测试,他们的国际英语语言测试系统(雅思)的阅读成绩估计在5到5.5之间。我们的参与者被随机分配阅读一篇普通阅读雅思文本和一篇学术阅读雅思文本,要么在屏幕上的Word文件上阅读,要么在带有注释工具的电子阅读平台上阅读。测试被录像,参与者完成测试后的访谈,以进一步进行定性分析。虽然混合模型方差分析并没有显示两种语言能力类别和测试方式之间的交互作用,但它揭示了在5-5.5雅思范围内使用在线阅读的主要影响(p < 0.01),这表明电子注释增强了阅读理解。讨论了进一步研究和教学的意义。
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引用次数: 0
"I don't think education is the answer": A corpus-assisted ecolinguistic analysis of plastics discourses in the UK. “我不认为教育是答案”:英国塑料语篇的语料库辅助生态语言学分析。
Pub Date : 2022-08-15 eCollection Date: 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1515/jwl-2022-0017
Emma Franklin, Joanna Gavins, Seth Mehl

Ecosystems around the world are becoming engulfed in single-use plastics, the majority of which come from plastic packaging. Reusable plastic packaging systems have been proposed in response to this plastic waste crisis, but uptake of such systems in the UK is still very low. This article draws on a thematic corpus of 5.6 million words of UK English around plastics, packaging, reuse, and recycling to examine consumer attitudes towards plastic (re)use. Utilizing methods and insights from ecolinguistics, corpus linguistics, and cognitive linguistics, this article assesses to what degree consumer language differs from that of public-facing bodies such as supermarkets and government entities. A predefined ecosophy, prioritizing protection, rights, systems thinking, and fairness, is used to not only critically evaluate narratives in plastics discourse but also to recommend strategies for more effective and ecologically beneficial communications around plastics and reuse. This article recommends the adoption of ecosophy in multidisciplinary project teams, and argues that ecosophies are conducive to transparent and reproducible discourse analysis. The analysis also suggests that in order to make meaningful change in packaging reuse behaviors, it is highly likely that deeply ingrained cultural stories around power, rights, and responsibilities will need to be directly challenged.

世界各地的生态系统正在被一次性塑料所吞没,其中大部分来自塑料包装。可重复使用的塑料包装系统已经提出,以应对这种塑料废物危机,但这种系统在英国的吸收仍然很低。这篇文章借鉴了关于塑料、包装、再利用和回收的560万单词的英国英语主题语料库,以调查消费者对塑料(再)使用的态度。利用生态语言学、语料库语言学和认知语言学的方法和见解,本文评估了消费者语言与面向公众的机构(如超市和政府机构)的语言差异程度。预先定义的生态理念,优先考虑保护,权利,系统思考和公平,不仅用于批判性地评估塑料话语中的叙述,还用于推荐围绕塑料和再利用的更有效和生态有益的沟通策略。本文建议在多学科项目团队中采用生态哲学,并认为生态哲学有助于透明和可复制的话语分析。分析还表明,为了在包装再利用行为上做出有意义的改变,很有可能需要直接挑战围绕权力、权利和责任的根深蒂固的文化故事。
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引用次数: 2
A contrastive ecological discourse analysis of the General Debate statements by the US and China at the United Nations General Assembly (2017–2020) 中美在联合国大会一般性辩论发言的生态话语对比分析(2017-2020)
Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.1515/jwl-2022-0014
Chengming Ma, W. He
Abstract This article adopts an ecolinguistic approach to study the thematic choices in the General Debate statements by the US and China at the United Nations General Assembly (2017–2020) to reveal the eco-characteristics of the two countries’ thematic choices and their impacts on the constructions of international relations. Findings suggest that, from the perspective of ecosophy, a significant proportion of the US’s thematic choices are destructive to international relations, while China’s thematic choices are mostly beneficial and ambivalent. The US’s thematic choices are frequently used to portray “us versus them” and “America first”, which displays a message of egocentrism instead of ecocentrism. China’s thematic choices are typically used to show China’s willingness to undertake global responsibility and to jointly work with other stakeholders to safeguard our planet, echoing China’s global vision of “building a shared future for mankind”.
摘要本文采用生态语言学的方法,对中美两国在2017-2020年联合国大会一般性辩论发言中的主题选择进行研究,揭示两国主题选择的生态特征及其对国际关系构建的影响。研究结果表明,从生态学的角度来看,美国的主题选择对国际关系有很大一部分是破坏性的,而中国的主题选择大多是有益的和矛盾的。美国的主题选择经常被用来描绘“我们对他们”和“美国优先”,这是一种自我中心主义的信息,而不是生态中心主义。中国的主题选择通常是用来表明中国愿意承担全球责任,并与其他利益攸关方共同保护我们的地球,呼应中国“构建人类命运共同体”的全球愿景。
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引用次数: 4
Ecolinguistics: History, today, and tomorrow 生态语言学:历史、今天和明天
Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1515/jwl-2022-0008
H. Penz, A. Fill
Abstract Since the concept of ecology was first applied to language over 50 years ago, the field of ecolinguistics has developed into a thriving branch of linguistics that is more than ever closer to the pressing issues of our time. This article aims to trace the historical development of ecolinguistics, discusses the main trends in current research, and provides a brief projection of potential future developments. The first part includes an overview of research connected to Einar Haugen’s article “Ecology of Language”, published in 1972, which focuses on the interaction between languages in multilingual contexts. A large part of the article is then devoted to the role of language in dealing with environmental problems (e.g. aggravating or solving them), which is the biological understanding of ecology in the study of language inspired by Halliday’s 1990 talk “New Ways of Meaning: The Challenge to Applied Linguistics”. Ecolinguistics will certainly have an interesting future. It will take up topics such as climate change, which surprisingly has largely been excluded from ecolinguistic research until recently. Other topics that need to be dealt with are the negative effects of tourism, the migration of human, plant, and animal populations. Ecolinguists, in the future, will also expand their methodology towards multimodal research and study how non-European languages present the ‘environment’, or rather ‘con-vironment’.
自从生态学的概念在50多年前首次应用于语言研究以来,生态语言学领域已经发展成为语言学的一个蓬勃发展的分支,它比以往任何时候都更接近我们这个时代的紧迫问题。本文旨在追溯生态语言学的历史发展,讨论当前研究的主要趋势,并简要预测未来的发展趋势。第一部分概述了与Einar Haugen于1972年发表的文章“语言生态学”相关的研究,该文章主要关注多语言环境中语言之间的相互作用。然后,文章的很大一部分致力于语言在处理环境问题(例如加重或解决问题)中的作用,这是受韩礼德1990年演讲“意义的新途径:对应用语言学的挑战”的启发,在语言研究中对生态学的生物学理解。生态语言学必将有一个有趣的未来。它将讨论气候变化等话题,令人惊讶的是,直到最近,气候变化在很大程度上还被排除在生态语言学研究之外。其他需要处理的主题是旅游业的负面影响,人类、植物和动物种群的迁移。未来,生态语言学家还将把他们的研究方法扩展到多模态研究,并研究非欧洲语言如何呈现“环境”,或者更确切地说是“环境”。
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引用次数: 9
Eco-critical language awareness for English language teaching (ELT): Promoting justice, wellbeing, and sustainability in the classroom 英语教学中的生态批判语言意识:促进课堂公正、福祉和可持续性
Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1515/jwl-2022-0023
Marco A. Micalay-Hurtado, Robert Poole
Abstract Critical Language Awareness (CLA) seeks to promote social justice by explicitly calling attention to power issues in the context of literacy development and language instruction. In this article, we assert that a CLA approach to English language teaching (ELT) which does not recognize and account for the urgency of climate change and its myriad effects on present and future generations of learners is flawed. It is time ELT extends a critical lens to the role that our practices and pedagogies serve in the (re)production of attitudes, ideologies, identities, and actions which contribute to ecological degradation and climate crisis while also engaging how we may advance ecological wellbeing and sustainability. This article outlines the rationale for this ecolinguistics-informed CLA (eco-CLA) approach to English language instruction by asserting the compatibility of ecolinguistics and CLA and the intersection of social, linguistic, and environmental justice. It then presents and discusses five principles for an eco-CLA approach to ELT that can be applied to a range of language learning contexts. Finally, it demonstrates how these principles can be operationalized within ELT by presenting a series of instructional activities.
批判性语言意识(Critical Language Awareness, CLA)旨在通过明确地呼吁人们关注识字发展和语言教学中的权力问题来促进社会正义。在这篇文章中,我们断言,没有认识到并考虑到气候变化的紧迫性及其对当代和后代学习者的无数影响的CLA英语教学方法是有缺陷的。现在是时候用批判性的视角来看待我们的实践和教学方法在态度、意识形态、身份和行动的(再)生产中所起的作用,这些态度、意识形态、身份和行动导致了生态退化和气候危机,同时也参与了我们如何促进生态福祉和可持续性。这篇文章通过断言生态语言学和CLA的兼容性以及社会、语言和环境正义的交集,概述了这种以生态语言学为基础的CLA(生态-CLA)方法在英语语言教学中的基本原理。然后,它提出并讨论了生态- cla方法在英语教学中的五个原则,这些原则可以应用于一系列语言学习环境。最后,通过一系列的教学活动展示了这些原则如何在英语教学中得以实施。
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引用次数: 2
“I never get a thing that ain’t been used”: A diachronic corpus-based study of second-hand consumption “我从来没有得到过没有用过的东西”:一项基于二手消费的历时性研究
Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1515/jwl-2022-0015
Gaëtanelle Gilquin
Abstract Second-hand consumption is often seen as a way of reducing one’s ecological footprint. In an attempt to find out how the representations of second-hand consumption in discourse have evolved over time, a corpus study of the word second-hand is carried out on the basis of the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA) (1820–2019). Frequency is considered, as well as collocates, which show the types of second-hand items that are mentioned in different time periods and which indicate how positively or negatively connoted second-hand consumption is. Together with a more qualitative approach, this analysis reveals variation in the frequency and connotations of the word second-hand, and some long-lasting stigma which survives for example through comparisons. The article ends with some suggestions as to how the image of second-hand consumption could be improved.
二手消费通常被视为减少生态足迹的一种方式。为了了解二手消费在话语中的表征是如何随着时间的推移而演变的,本文以美国历史英语语料库(COHA)(1820-2019)为基础,对二手一词进行了语料库研究。频率和搭配也被考虑在内,它们显示了在不同时期被提及的二手物品的类型,并表明二手消费的积极或消极程度。结合更定性的方法,这一分析揭示了“二手”一词的频率和内涵的变化,以及一些长期存在的耻辱,例如通过比较。文章最后就如何改善二手消费的形象提出了一些建议。
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引用次数: 2
Practical applications of ecolinguistics 生态语言学的实际应用
Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1515/jwl-2022-0034
Meng Huat Chau, G. Jacobs
{"title":"Practical applications of ecolinguistics","authors":"Meng Huat Chau, G. Jacobs","doi":"10.1515/jwl-2022-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jwl-2022-0034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of world languages","volume":"25 1","pages":"227 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82848311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Language teachers as eco-activists: From talking the talk to walking the walk 语言教师作为生态活动家:从说到做
Pub Date : 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.1515/jwl-2022-0005
A. Maley
Abstract The climate crisis has received a great deal of attention of late, yet its root causes go back to the last century and beyond. Also going back many years have been efforts to address the roots of the climate crisis. These efforts include the work of language teachers to research, create, trial, and share materials and pedagogical strategies for educating and mobilizing teachers, students, and other stakeholders to address the beliefs and practices that have led our species to the precipice of irredeemable disaster. This article seeks to serve as an annotated repository of works and collective wisdom of the author and colleagues, both near and far, as to how language teaching can accomplish its joint tasks of both facilitating student enjoyment of and expertise in their languages, and at the same time engaging students in fulfilling their responsibility as citizens of their home country and the world, a responsibility that has only grown more urgent due to the climate crisis. This repository is the result of 50 years of research, not with blinded control groups and statistical analysis (valuable though those methods can be), but of naturalistic investigation. The repository divides into three sections: Inspiration, Information, and Implementation. Strategies and ways that teachers have found useful for growing their own and their students’ knowledge of the causes of and possible solutions to the climate crisis are considered. The article ends with a poem by the author which addresses the important question of the role of the teacher in the classroom and beyond.
气候危机近年来受到了广泛关注,但其根源可以追溯到上个世纪甚至更早。多年来,人们一直在努力解决气候危机的根源。这些努力包括语言教师的工作,研究、创造、试验和分享教育和动员教师、学生和其他利益相关者的材料和教学策略,以解决导致我们人类走向不可挽回灾难的信仰和实践。这篇文章试图作为作者和同事们的作品和集体智慧的注释库,关于语言教学如何完成其共同任务,既促进学生对语言的享受和专业知识,同时又使学生履行其作为本国和世界公民的责任,这一责任由于气候危机而变得更加紧迫。这个资料库是50年研究的结果,不是盲法对照组和统计分析(尽管这些方法很有价值),而是自然调查的结果。存储库分为三个部分:灵感、信息和实现。教师发现的策略和方法有助于提高他们自己和学生对气候危机的原因和可能解决方案的认识。文章以作者的一首诗结束,这首诗解决了教师在课堂内外的重要角色问题。
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引用次数: 3
Christian M. I. M. Matthiessen, Bo Wang, Yuanyi Ma & Isaac N. Mwinlaaru (eds.). 2022. Systemic functional insights on language and linguistics. Singapore: Springer, xxii+313pp. ISBN: 978-981-16-8712-9 (hbk).
Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.1515/jwl-2022-0022
Yingchen Yu
{"title":"Christian M. I. M. Matthiessen, Bo Wang, Yuanyi Ma & Isaac N. Mwinlaaru (eds.). 2022. Systemic functional insights on language and linguistics. Singapore: Springer, xxii+313pp. ISBN: 978-981-16-8712-9 (hbk).","authors":"Yingchen Yu","doi":"10.1515/jwl-2022-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jwl-2022-0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of world languages","volume":"7 1","pages":"308 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91032359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of world languages
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