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A Novel Attention-Based Layer Pruning Approach for Low-Complexity Convolutional Neural Networks 基于注意力的低复杂度卷积神经网络层剪枝新方法
IF 6.8 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202400161
Md. Bipul Hossain, Na Gong, Mohamed Shaban

Deep learning (DL) has been very successful for classifying images, detecting targets, and segmenting regions in high-resolution images such as whole slide histopathology images. However, analysis of such high-resolution images requires very high DL complexity. Several AI optimization techniques have been recently proposed that aim at reducing the complexity of deep neural networks and hence expedite their execution and eventually allow the use of low-power, low-cost computing devices with limited computation and memory resources. These methods include parameter pruning and sharing, quantization, knowledge distillation, low-rank approximation, and resource efficient architectures. Rather than pruning network structures including filters, layers, and blocks of layers based on a manual selection of a significance metric such as l1-norm and l2-norm of the filter kernels, novel highly efficient AI-driven DL optimization algorithms using variations of the squeeze and excitation in order to prune filters and layers of deep models such as VGG-16 as well as eliminate filters and blocks of residual networks such as ResNet-56 are introduced. The proposed techniques achieve significantly higher reduction in the number of learning parameters, the number of floating point operations, and memory space as compared to the-state-of-the-art methods.

深度学习(DL)在高分辨率图像(如整张组织病理学图像)的图像分类、目标检测和区域分割方面非常成功。然而,分析此类高分辨率图像需要非常高的深度学习复杂度。最近提出了几种人工智能优化技术,旨在降低深度神经网络的复杂性,从而加快其执行速度,并最终允许使用计算和内存资源有限的低功耗、低成本计算设备。这些方法包括参数剪枝和共享、量化、知识提炼、低秩逼近和资源高效架构。与基于人工选择重要度量(如滤波器内核的 l1-norm 和 l2-norm)来修剪包括滤波器、层和层块在内的网络结构不同,本文引入了新型高效人工智能驱动的 DL 优化算法,利用挤压和激励的变化来修剪深度模型(如 VGG-16)的滤波器和层,以及消除残差网络(如 ResNet-56)的滤波器和块。与最先进的方法相比,所提出的技术大大减少了学习参数数量、浮点运算次数和内存空间。
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引用次数: 0
Remotely Controlled 3D-Engineered Scaffolds for Biomimetic In Vitro Investigations on Brain Cell Cocultures 遥控三维工程支架用于仿生脑细胞体外培养研究
IF 6.8 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202400261
Daniele De Pasquale, Attilio Marino, Carlotta Pucci, Omar Tricinci, Carlo Filippeschi, Pietro Fiaschi, Edoardo Sinibaldi, Gianni Ciofani

Most in vitro studies regarding new anticancer treatments are performed on 2D cultures, despite this approach imposes several limitations in recapitulating the real tumor behavior and in predicting the effects of therapy on both cancer and healthy tissues. Herein, advanced in vitro models based on scaffolds that support the 3D growth of glioma cells, further allowing the cocultures with healthy brain cells, are presented. These scaffolds, doped with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and obtained through 2-photon polymerization, can be remotely manipulated thanks to an external magnet, thus obtaining biomimetic 3D organization recapitulating the brain cancer microenvironment. From a geometric point of view, the structure is functional to both cell culture on individual unit scaffolds and to tailored cocultures fostered by magnetic-driven unit assembly, also allowing for cell migration thanks to passages/fenestrations on adjacent structures. Leveraging magnetic dragging, for which a mathematical model is introduced, multiple cocultures are achieved, highlighting the high versatility and the user-friendly character of the proposed platform that can help overcome the current challenges in 3D cocultures handling, and open the way to the construction of increasingly biomimetic artificial systems.

大多数有关新型抗癌疗法的体外研究都是在二维培养基上进行的,尽管这种方法在再现真实的肿瘤行为以及预测疗法对癌症和健康组织的影响方面存在一些局限性。本文介绍了基于支架的先进体外模型,这种支架可支持胶质瘤细胞的三维生长,并进一步允许与健康脑细胞共培养。这些支架掺杂了超顺磁性氧化铁纳米粒子,通过双光子聚合技术获得,可以通过外部磁铁进行远程操控,从而获得重现脑癌微环境的仿生三维组织。从几何角度看,这种结构既能在单个单元支架上进行细胞培养,也能通过磁力驱动的单元组装进行量身定制的共培养,还能通过相邻结构上的通道/瘘管实现细胞迁移。利用磁力拖曳(引入了一个数学模型),可以实现多重共培养,这凸显了所提议平台的高度通用性和用户友好性,有助于克服当前在处理三维共培养方面的挑战,并为构建日益仿生的人工系统开辟道路。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-strategy Grey Wolf Optimizer for Engineering Problems and Sewage Treatment Prediction 工程问题和污水处理预测的多策略灰狼优化器
IF 6.8 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202300406
Chenhua Tang, Changcheng Huang, Yi Chen, Ali Asghar Heidari, Shuihua Wang, Huiling Chen, Yudong Zhang

Grey wolf optimizer (GWO) is a highly valued heuristic algorithm in many fields. However, for some complex problems, especially high-dimensional and multimodal problems, the basic algorithm has limited computational power and cannot get a satisfactory answer. In order to find a better solution, an improved algorithm based on GWO is proposed herein. Gaussian barebone, random selection and chaotic game mechanisms are introduced into the GWO algorithm to enhance the global search ability. The GWO enhanced by three mechanisms is called CBRGWO. To verify the performance of CBRGWO, using IEEE CEC 2017 as a test function, CBRGWO is compared to five GWO variants, five basic algorithms, six advanced algorithms, and four champion algorithms. CBRGWO is evaluated using the Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Then, the stability of CBRGWO is analyzed. To verify that CBRGWO is still effective in practical application, CBRGWO is applied to five engineering problems and a water quality prediction problem. The experimental findings indicate that CBRGWO maintains excellent optimization ability in practical engineering problems.

灰狼优化算法(GWO)是许多领域中备受推崇的启发式算法。然而,对于一些复杂问题,尤其是高维和多模态问题,基本算法的计算能力有限,无法得到满意的答案。为了找到更好的解决方案,本文提出了一种基于 GWO 的改进算法。在 GWO 算法中引入了高斯裸骨、随机选择和混沌博弈机制,以增强全局搜索能力。由三种机制增强的 GWO 被称为 CBRGWO。为了验证 CBRGWO 的性能,以 IEEE CEC 2017 为测试函数,CBRGWO 与五种 GWO 变种、五种基本算法、六种高级算法和四种冠军算法进行了比较。CBRGWO 采用 Friedman 检验和 Wilcoxon 符号秩检验进行评估。然后,分析了 CBRGWO 的稳定性。为了验证 CBRGWO 在实际应用中的有效性,将 CBRGWO 应用于五个工程问题和一个水质预测问题。实验结果表明,CBRGWO 在实际工程问题中保持了出色的优化能力。
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引用次数: 0
A Stepwise Control of Multiple Magnetic Millirobots for Flow Manipulation Applications 逐步控制多个磁性微型机器人以实现流体操纵应用
IF 6.8 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202300483
Dineshkumar Loganathan, Chia-Ling Hsieh, Chen-Yi Ou, Chia-Yuan Chen

Small-scale magnetic robots are extensively recognized as promising untethered devices that can be controlled externally for numerous microscale applications. This study is proposed to address the independent control of multiple magnetic millirobots using an array of electromagnetic coils. Herein, each of the fabricated magnetic millirobots is magnetized with a dissimilar magnetization profile. Further, these millirobots are independently controlled using the mentioned magnetization strategy in addition to the supply of controlled current to each electromagnetic coil. To explore the physics of this combined stepwise approach in controlling the millirobots, theoretical and numerical investigations are carried out that further ensure the practical significance for broad applications. For demonstration purposes, three different shear-induced flow manipulation experiments, including the particle manipulation task, fluid color transition task, and micromixing task, are conducted using more than one millirobot with distinct motions. A maximum of three millirobots controlled with different motions are employed in the micromixing task, and further, it is observed to achieve nearly 80% mixing efficiency within 45 s. The presented work with the introduced actuation system and motion control strategies can strengthen the existing methods of small-scale robots for various applications, particularly for tasks that demand multiple millirobots.

小型磁性机器人被广泛认为是有前途的无系装置,可通过外部控制实现众多微型应用。本研究旨在利用电磁线圈阵列解决多个磁性微型机器人的独立控制问题。在这里,每个制造的磁性微型机器人都被不同的磁化曲线磁化。此外,除了向每个电磁线圈提供受控电流外,还使用上述磁化策略对这些微型机器人进行独立控制。为了探索这种组合分步法控制微型机器人的物理原理,我们进行了理论和数值研究,以进一步确保其在广泛应用中的实际意义。为了进行演示,我们使用一个以上具有不同运动的微型机器人进行了三种不同的剪切诱导流操纵实验,包括颗粒操纵任务、流体颜色转换任务和微混合任务。在微混合任务中,最多使用了三个具有不同运动控制的微型机器人,并观察到其在 45 秒内实现了近 80% 的混合效率。本文介绍的执行系统和运动控制策略可以加强现有的小型机器人在各种应用中的应用,特别是在需要多个微型机器人的任务中。
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引用次数: 0
A Bioinspired Robotic Finger for Multimodal Tactile Sensing Powered by Fiber Optic Sensors 由光纤传感器驱动的多模态触觉传感生物启发机器人手指
IF 6.8 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202400175
Baijin Mao, Kunyu Zhou, Yuyaocen Xiang, Yuzhu Zhang, Qiangjing Yuan, Hongwei Hao, Yaozhen Chen, Houde Liu, Xueqian Wang, Xiaohao Wang, Juntian Qu

The rapid advancement of soft robotic technology emphasizes the growing importance of tactile perception. Soft grippers, equipped with tactile sensing, can gather interactive information crucial for safe human–robot interaction, wearable devices, and dexterous manipulation. However, most soft grippers with tactile sensing abilities have limited modes of tactile perception, restricting their dexterity and safety. In addition, existing tactile systems are often complicated, leading to unstable perception signals. Inspired by various organisms, a novel multimodal tactile-sensing soft robotic finger is proposed. This finger, based on a modified fin ray structure, integrates a distributed fiber optic sensing system as part of its tactile sensory neural system. It replicates human finger capabilities, discerning contact forces as low as 0.01 N with exceptional sensitivity (106.96 mN nm−1). Through training neural networks models, the finger achieves an accuracy exceeding 96% in recognizing roughness, material stiffness, and finger pad position. Assembled into two-finger parallel gripper, it demonstrates precise manipulation capabilities for fragile items like strawberries and potato chips. Moreover, through synergistic interplay of multimodal tactile sensing, this finger can successfully grasp an underwater transparent sphere, mitigating limitations of visual perception. The developed soft finger holds promise in various scenarios including hazardous environment detection and specialized grasping tasks.

软体机器人技术的快速发展凸显了触觉感知日益增长的重要性。配备触觉感知功能的软机械手可以收集对安全的人机交互、可穿戴设备和灵巧操作至关重要的交互信息。然而,大多数具有触觉传感能力的软抓手的触觉感知模式有限,限制了其灵巧性和安全性。此外,现有的触觉系统往往比较复杂,导致感知信号不稳定。受各种生物的启发,我们提出了一种新型多模态触觉感应软机械手指。这种手指基于改进的鳍射线结构,集成了分布式光纤传感系统,作为其触觉神经系统的一部分。它复制了人类手指的功能,能以极高的灵敏度(106.96 mN nm-1)分辨低至 0.01 N 的接触力。通过训练神经网络模型,手指在识别粗糙度、材料硬度和指垫位置方面的准确率超过 96%。组装成双指并行抓手后,它对草莓和薯片等易碎物品具有精确的操控能力。此外,通过多模态触觉传感的协同作用,该手指还能成功抓取水下透明球体,缓解了视觉感知的局限性。开发的软手指有望应用于各种场景,包括危险环境检测和特殊抓取任务。
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引用次数: 0
From Adaptive Communication Anti-Jamming to Intelligent Communication Anti-Jamming: 50 Years of Evolution 从自适应通信抗干扰到智能通信抗干扰:50 年的发展历程
IF 6.8 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202300853
Quan Zhou, Yingtao Niu

Herein, a comprehensive review of the evolution of intelligent communication anti-jamming techniques is provided. First, a clear definition of the concept and elaboration on the inherent connotations and capability characteristics of intelligent communication anti-jamming is provided. Additionally, the initial construction of an intelligent communication anti-jamming system architecture is outlined. Subsequently, the development of intelligent communication anti-jamming is delved, tracing its progression from early-stage adaptive anti-jamming techniques to the more recent advancements in intelligent anti-jamming, which are primarily based on game theory and machine learning. Moreover, the latest research findings in this domain are thoroughly examined and the existing challenges and bottlenecks that hinder current research progress are highlighted. Finally, several viable research directions for future studies in the field of intelligent anti-jamming are proposed. The objective is to facilitate readers in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the concept, characteristics, and system architecture of intelligent communication anti-jamming. Additionally, it is aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the developmental process and current state of research, thereby furnishing conceptual and theoretical support for the design of more effective and practical intelligent communication anti-jamming systems.

本文全面回顾了智能通信抗干扰技术的发展历程。首先,明确定义了智能通信抗干扰的概念,阐述了智能通信抗干扰的内在内涵和能力特征。此外,还概述了智能通信抗干扰系统架构的初步构建。随后,深入探讨了智能通信抗干扰的发展历程,从早期的自适应抗干扰技术到最近主要基于博弈论和机器学习的智能抗干扰技术。此外,还深入研究了这一领域的最新研究成果,并强调了阻碍当前研究进展的现有挑战和瓶颈。最后,还为智能反干扰领域的未来研究提出了几个可行的研究方向。本书旨在帮助读者全面了解智能通信抗干扰的概念、特点和系统架构。此外,本书还旨在全面概述智能通信抗干扰的发展过程和研究现状,从而为设计更有效、更实用的智能通信抗干扰系统提供概念和理论支持。
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引用次数: 0
Design and Scalable Fast Fabrication of Biaxial Fabric Pouch Motors for Soft Robotic Artificial Muscle Applications 设计并可扩展地快速制造用于软机器人人工肌肉应用的双轴布袋电机
IF 6.8 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202300888
Ayse Feyza Yilmaz, Kadir Ozlem, Mehmet Fatih Celebi, Bahman Taherkhani, Fatma Kalaoglu, Aslı Tunçay Atalay, Gokhan Ince, Ozgur Atalay

Soft pouch motors, engineered to mimic the natural movements of skeletal muscles, play a crucial role in advancing robotics and exoskeleton development. However, the fabrication techniques often involve multistage processes; they lack soft sensing capabilities and are sensitive to cutting and damage. This work introduces a new textile-based pouch motors with the capacity for biaxial actuation and capacitive sensory functions, achieved through the application of computerized knitting technology using ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene yarn (Spectra) and conductive silver yarns. This method enables the rapid and scalable mass fabrication of robust pouch motors. The resulting pouch motors exhibit maximum lifting capacity of 10 kg, maximum contraction of 53.3% along the y-axis, and transverse extension of 41.18% along the x-axis at 50 kPa pressure. Finite element analysis closely matches the experimental data. The capacitance signals in relation to contraction motion are well suited for detecting air pressure levels and hold promise for applications requiring robotic control. Notably, it effectively elevates an ankle joint simulator at a 20° angle, highlighting its potential for applications such assisting individuals with foot drop. This study presents a practical demonstration of the soft ankle exosuit designed to provide lifting support for individuals facing this mobility challenge.

软袋电机可模仿骨骼肌的自然运动,在推动机器人和外骨骼开发方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而,制造技术通常涉及多级工艺;它们缺乏软传感能力,对切割和损坏敏感。这项工作介绍了一种新型纺织品袋电机,它具有双轴致动能力和电容传感功能,是通过使用超高分子量聚乙烯纱线(Spectra)和导电银纱的计算机编织技术实现的。这种方法能够快速、可扩展地大规模制造坚固耐用的邮袋电机。在 50 kPa 压力下,所制成的袋状马达的最大起重能力为 10 kg,沿 Y 轴的最大收缩率为 53.3%,沿 X 轴的横向伸展率为 41.18%。有限元分析与实验数据非常吻合。与收缩运动相关的电容信号非常适合用于检测气压水平,并有望应用于需要机器人控制的场合。值得注意的是,它能有效地将踝关节模拟器抬高 20°,突出了其在辅助足下垂患者等应用中的潜力。本研究介绍了软质踝关节外衣的实际演示,该外衣旨在为面临这种行动挑战的人提供提升支持。
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引用次数: 0
A Highly Durable and UV-Resistant Graphene-Based Knitted Textile Sensing Sleeve for Human Joint Angle Monitoring and Gesture Differentiation 用于人体关节角度监测和手势识别的高耐久性、抗紫外线石墨烯基针织物传感套筒
IF 6.8 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202400124
Yi Zhou, Yilin Sun, Yangfangzheng Li, Cheng Shen, Zhiyuan Lou, Xue Min, Rebecca Stewart

Flexible strain sensors based on textiles have attracted extensive attention owing to their light weight, flexibility, and comfort when wearing. However, challenges in integrating textile strain sensors into wearable sensing devices include the need for outstanding sensing performance, long-term monitoring stability, and fast, convenient integration processes to achieve comprehensive monitoring. The scalable fabrication technique presented here addresses these challenges by incorporating customizable graphene-based sensing networks into knitted structures, thus creating sensing sleeves for precise motion detection and differentiation. The performance and real-world application potential of the sensing sleeve are evaluated by its precision in angle estimation and complex joint motion recognition during intra- and intersubject studies. For intra-subject analysis, the sensing sleeve only exhibits a 2.34° angle error in five different knee activities among 20 participants, and the sensing sleeves show up to 94.1% and 96.1% accuracy in the gesture classification of knee and elbow, respectively. For inter-subject analysis, the sensing sleeve demonstrates a 4.21° angle error, and it shows up to 79.9% and 85.5% accuracy in the gesture classification of knee and elbow, respectively. An activity-guided user interface compatible with the sensing sleeves for human motion monitoring in home healthcare applications is presented to illustrate the potential applications.

基于纺织品的柔性应变传感器因其重量轻、柔性好、佩戴舒适而受到广泛关注。然而,将纺织品应变传感器集成到可穿戴传感设备所面临的挑战包括:需要出色的传感性能、长期监测的稳定性,以及实现全面监测所需的快速、便捷的集成过程。本文介绍的可扩展制造技术通过将可定制的石墨烯传感网络集成到针织结构中,从而制造出用于精确运动检测和区分的传感套筒,解决了这些难题。在受试者内部和受试者之间的研究中,通过对角度估计和复杂关节运动识别的精度,对传感套筒的性能和实际应用潜力进行了评估。在受试者内部分析中,传感套筒在 20 名受试者的五种不同膝关节活动中仅表现出 2.34° 的角度误差,在膝关节和肘关节的手势分类中,传感套筒的准确率分别高达 94.1% 和 96.1%。在受试者之间的分析中,传感套筒的角度误差为 4.21°,膝关节和肘关节手势分类的准确率分别高达 79.9% 和 85.5%。为了说明其潜在的应用前景,我们还展示了一个与传感套筒兼容的活动引导用户界面,用于家庭医疗保健应用中的人体运动监测。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing Time Series Predictability via Structure-Aware Reservoir Computing 通过结构感知储层计算提高时间序列可预测性
IF 6.8 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202400163
Suzhen Guo, Chun Guan, Siyang Leng

Accurate prediction of the future evolution of observational time series is a paramount challenge in current data-driven research. While existing techniques struggle to learn useful representations from the temporal correlations, the high dimensionality in spatial domain is always considered as obstacle, leading to the curse of dimensionality and excessive resource consumption. This work designs a novel structure-aware reservoir computing aiming at enhancing the predictability of coupled time series, by incorporating their historical dynamics as well as structural information. Paralleled reservoir computers with redesigned mixing inputs based on spatial relationships are implemented to cope with the multiple time series, whose core idea originates from the principle of the celebrated Granger causality. Representative numerical simulations and comparisons demonstrate the superior performance of the approach over the traditional ones. This work provides valuable insights into deeply mining both temporal and spatial information to enhance the representation learning of data in various machine learning techniques.

准确预测观测时间序列的未来演变是当前数据驱动研究的首要挑战。现有技术难以从时间相关性中学习有用的表征,而空间领域的高维度始终被视为障碍,导致维度诅咒和过多的资源消耗。这项工作设计了一种新型结构感知水库计算,旨在通过纳入耦合时间序列的历史动态和结构信息,提高其可预测性。并行水库计算机根据空间关系重新设计了混合输入,以处理多个时间序列,其核心思想源于著名的格兰杰因果关系原理。具有代表性的数值模拟和比较表明,该方法的性能优于传统方法。这项工作为深入挖掘时间和空间信息以增强各种机器学习技术中的数据表示学习提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
3D-Printed Mechano-Optic Force Sensor for Soft Robotic Gripper Enabled by Programmable Structural Metamaterials 利用可编程结构超材料实现软机器人抓手的三维打印机械光学力传感器
IF 6.8 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202400057
Chidanand Hegde, Ravi Chaithanya Mysa, Aaron Chooi, Saikrishna Dontu, Joel Ming Rui Tan, Lydia Helena Wong, Pablo Valdivia y Alvarado, Shlomo Magdassi

Rapid deployment of automation in today's world has opened up exciting possibilities in the realm of design and fabrication of soft robotic grippers endowed with sensing capabilities. Herein, a novel design and rapid fabrication by 3D printing of a mechano-optic force sensor with a large dynamic range, sensitivity, and linear response, enabled by metamaterials-based structures, is presented. A simple approach for programming the metamaterial's behavior based on mathematical modeling of the sensor under dynamic loading is proposed. Machine learning models are utilized to predict the complete force–deformation profile, encompassing the linear range, the onset of nonlinear behavior, and the slope of profiles in both bending and compression-dominated regions. The design supports seamless integration of the sensor into soft grippers, enabling 3D printing of the soft gripper with an embedded sensor in a single step, thus overcoming the tedious and complex and multiple fabrication steps commonly applied in conventional processes. The sensor boasts a fine resolution of 0.015 N, a measurement range up to 16 N, linearity (adj. R2–0.991), and delivers consistent performance beyond 100 000 cycles. The sensitivity and range of the embedded mechano-optic force sensor can be easily programmed by both the metamaterial structure and the material's properties.

当今世界自动化的快速发展为设计和制造具有传感功能的软机械手提供了令人兴奋的可能性。本文介绍了一种利用超材料结构设计并通过三维打印技术快速制造的机械光学力传感器,该传感器具有动态范围大、灵敏度高和线性响应的特点。本文提出了一种基于动态负载下传感器数学建模的超材料行为编程简单方法。利用机器学习模型来预测完整的力-变形曲线,包括线性范围、非线性行为的开始以及弯曲和压缩主导区域的曲线斜率。该设计支持将传感器无缝集成到软抓手中,只需一步就能实现带有嵌入式传感器的软抓手的三维打印,从而克服了传统工艺中常见的繁琐、复杂和多重制造步骤。该传感器具有 0.015 N 的高分辨率,测量范围高达 16 N,线性度(adj. R2-0.991)良好,性能稳定,超过 100 000 次循环。嵌入式机械光学力传感器的灵敏度和量程可通过超材料结构和材料特性轻松编程。
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引用次数: 0
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Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)
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