Hongda Lu, Mengqing Zhao, Qingtian Zhang, Jiayi Yang, Zexin Chen, Liping Gong, Xiangbo Zhou, Lei Deng, Haiping Du, Shiwu Zhang, Shi-Yang Tang, Weihua Li
Leveraging the unique attributes of functional soft materials to generate force and deformation, significant advancements in soft actuators are driving the evolution of smart robotics. Liquid metals (LMs), known for their high deformability and tunable morphology, demonstrate remarkable actuating capabilities through controllable surface tension. Inspired by the predation method of chameleons, this work introduces a bioinspired LM actuator (BLMA) by modulating the morphology of LM. This BLMA enables high-strain (up to 170%) actuation by precisely directing LM droplets toward an electrode. Various parameters affecting the BLMA's actuating performance are explored. Notably, the application of a reductive voltage induces rapid solidification of supercooled LM, facilitating phase transition at room temperature. The solidified LM enhances its holding force of BLMA by over 1000 times. To underscore the superior capabilities of the BLMA, diverse applications, such as a complex two-dimensional plane actuator, a stepper motor with adjustable step intervals, a phase transition-controlled relay, and a laser code lock actuation gate set, are presented. It is anticipated that the exceptional characteristics of the BLMA will propel advancements in the realms of soft robotics and mechatronics.
{"title":"Liquid Metal Chameleon Tongues: Modulating Surface Tension and Phase Transition to Enable Bioinspired Soft Actuators","authors":"Hongda Lu, Mengqing Zhao, Qingtian Zhang, Jiayi Yang, Zexin Chen, Liping Gong, Xiangbo Zhou, Lei Deng, Haiping Du, Shiwu Zhang, Shi-Yang Tang, Weihua Li","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202400231","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aisy.202400231","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Leveraging the unique attributes of functional soft materials to generate force and deformation, significant advancements in soft actuators are driving the evolution of smart robotics. Liquid metals (LMs), known for their high deformability and tunable morphology, demonstrate remarkable actuating capabilities through controllable surface tension. Inspired by the predation method of chameleons, this work introduces a bioinspired LM actuator (BLMA) by modulating the morphology of LM. This BLMA enables high-strain (up to 170%) actuation by precisely directing LM droplets toward an electrode. Various parameters affecting the BLMA's actuating performance are explored. Notably, the application of a reductive voltage induces rapid solidification of supercooled LM, facilitating phase transition at room temperature. The solidified LM enhances its holding force of BLMA by over 1000 times. To underscore the superior capabilities of the BLMA, diverse applications, such as a complex two-dimensional plane actuator, a stepper motor with adjustable step intervals, a phase transition-controlled relay, and a laser code lock actuation gate set, are presented. It is anticipated that the exceptional characteristics of the BLMA will propel advancements in the realms of soft robotics and mechatronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202400231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141669148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monolithic three-dimensional (M3D) integration advances integrated circuits by enhancing density and energy efficiency. Ferroelectric thin-film transistors (Fe-TFTs) attract attention for neuromorphic computing and back-end-of-the-line (BEOL) compatibility. However, M3D faces challenges like increased runtime temperatures due to limited heat dissipation, impacting system reliability. This work demonstrates the effect of temperature impact on single-gate (SG) Fe-TFT reliability. SG Fe-TFTs have limitations such as read-disturbance and small memory windows, constraining their use. To mitigate these, dual-gate (DG) Fe-TFTs are modeled using technology computer-aided design, comparing their performance. Compute-in-memory (CIM) architectures with SG and DG Fe-TFTs are investigated for deep neural networks (DNN) accelerators, revealing heat's detrimental effect on reliability and inference accuracy. DG Fe-TFTs exhibit about 4.6x higher throughput than SG Fe-TFTs. Additionally, thermal effects within the simulated M3D architecture are analyzed, noting reduced DNN accuracy to 81.11% and 67.85% for SG and DG Fe-TFTs, respectively. Furthermore, various cooling methods and their impact on CIM system temperature are demonstrated, offering insights for efficient thermal management strategies.
{"title":"Thermal Effects on Monolithic 3D Ferroelectric Transistors for Deep Neural Networks Performance","authors":"Shubham Kumar, Yogesh Singh Chauhan, Hussam Amrouch","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202400019","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aisy.202400019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monolithic three-dimensional (M3D) integration advances integrated circuits by enhancing density and energy efficiency. Ferroelectric thin-film transistors (Fe-TFTs) attract attention for neuromorphic computing and back-end-of-the-line (BEOL) compatibility. However, M3D faces challenges like increased runtime temperatures due to limited heat dissipation, impacting system reliability. This work demonstrates the effect of temperature impact on single-gate (SG) Fe-TFT reliability. SG Fe-TFTs have limitations such as read-disturbance and small memory windows, constraining their use. To mitigate these, dual-gate (DG) Fe-TFTs are modeled using technology computer-aided design, comparing their performance. Compute-in-memory (CIM) architectures with SG and DG Fe-TFTs are investigated for deep neural networks (DNN) accelerators, revealing heat's detrimental effect on reliability and inference accuracy. DG Fe-TFTs exhibit about 4.6x higher throughput than SG Fe-TFTs. Additionally, thermal effects within the simulated M3D architecture are analyzed, noting reduced DNN accuracy to 81.11% and 67.85% for SG and DG Fe-TFTs, respectively. Furthermore, various cooling methods and their impact on CIM system temperature are demonstrated, offering insights for efficient thermal management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"6 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202400019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141680984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danian Dong, Woyu Zhang, Yuanlu Xie, Jinshan Yue, Kuan Ren, Hongjian Huang, Xu Zheng, Wen Xuan Sun, Jin Ru Lai, Shaoyang Fan, Hongzhou Wang, Zhaoan Yu, Zhihong Yao, Xiaoxin Xu, Dashan Shang, Ming Liu
Reservoir computing (RC) possesses a simple architecture and high energy efficiency for time-series data analysis through machine learning algorithms. To date, RC has evolved into several innovative variants. The next generation reservoir computing (NGRC) variant, founded on nonlinear vector autoregression (NVAR) distinguishes itself due to its fewer hyperparameters and independence from physical random connection matrices, while yielding comparable results. However, NGRC networks struggle with massive Kronecker product calculations and matrix-vector multiplications within the read out layer, leading to substantial efficiency challenges for traditional von Neumann architectures. In this work, a hybrid digital-analog hardware system tailored for NGRC is developed. The digital part is a Kronecker product calculation unit with data filtering, which realizes transformation of nonlinear vector of the input linear vector. For matrix-vector multiplication, a computing-in-memory architecture based on resistive random access memory array offers an energy-efficient hardware solution, which markedly reduces data transfer and greatly improve computational parallelism and energy efficiency. The predictive capabilities of this hybrid NGRC system are validated through the Lorenz63 model, achieving a normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of 0.00098 and an energy efficiency of 19.42TOPS W−1.
{"title":"Hardware Implementation of Next Generation Reservoir Computing with RRAM-Based Hybrid Digital-Analog System","authors":"Danian Dong, Woyu Zhang, Yuanlu Xie, Jinshan Yue, Kuan Ren, Hongjian Huang, Xu Zheng, Wen Xuan Sun, Jin Ru Lai, Shaoyang Fan, Hongzhou Wang, Zhaoan Yu, Zhihong Yao, Xiaoxin Xu, Dashan Shang, Ming Liu","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202400098","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aisy.202400098","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reservoir computing (RC) possesses a simple architecture and high energy efficiency for time-series data analysis through machine learning algorithms. To date, RC has evolved into several innovative variants. The next generation reservoir computing (NGRC) variant, founded on nonlinear vector autoregression (NVAR) distinguishes itself due to its fewer hyperparameters and independence from physical random connection matrices, while yielding comparable results. However, NGRC networks struggle with massive Kronecker product calculations and matrix-vector multiplications within the read out layer, leading to substantial efficiency challenges for traditional von Neumann architectures. In this work, a hybrid digital-analog hardware system tailored for NGRC is developed. The digital part is a Kronecker product calculation unit with data filtering, which realizes transformation of nonlinear vector of the input linear vector. For matrix-vector multiplication, a computing-in-memory architecture based on resistive random access memory array offers an energy-efficient hardware solution, which markedly reduces data transfer and greatly improve computational parallelism and energy efficiency. The predictive capabilities of this hybrid NGRC system are validated through the Lorenz63 model, achieving a normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of 0.00098 and an energy efficiency of 19.42TOPS W<sup>−1</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202400098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marc Thielen, Niclas Trube, Johannes M. Schneider, Malte von Ramin
The production industry is challenged to become more flexible and efficient while coping with a variety of disruptive events, such as natural disasters, infrastructure blockages, or economic crises. From the individual station on a production line to the global supply chain, everything is connected, making regulation and control a complex task. Biological molecular processes, such as the metabolism of living organisms or the cell cycle, are also extremely complex processes that can be compared to industrial production processes, both of which involve a series of intermediate steps and products. Thanks to (self-)regulatory mechanisms that have evolved over time, these biological mechanisms are very efficient and robust in the face of perturbations. This article proposes an explanatory representation of these complex processes, considering both biological and technical aspects. The aim is to facilitate biomimetic transfer of biological regulation mechanisms into the technical domain. It presents concepts for biomimetic regulation of production lines and sourcing strategies and introduces a workflow for generating digital twins. This workflow is inspired by the cell cycle checkpoints, which ensure that only perfect copies of DNA are passed on during cell replication. By leveraging this understanding, the production industry can potentially improve its own processes and efficiency.
在应对自然灾害、基础设施堵塞或经济危机等各种破坏性事件的同时,生产行业面临着提高灵活性和效率的挑战。从生产线上的单个工位到全球供应链,一切都是相互关联的,这使得监管和控制成为一项复杂的任务。生物分子过程,如生物体的新陈代谢或细胞周期,也是极其复杂的过程,可与工业生产过程相提并论,两者都涉及一系列中间步骤和产品。得益于长期演化的(自我)调控机制,这些生物机制在面对干扰时非常高效和稳健。本文从生物和技术两个方面,对这些复杂的过程提出了解释性的表述。其目的是促进生物调控机制向技术领域的仿生转移。文章提出了对生产线和采购策略进行生物仿真调节的概念,并介绍了生成数字孪生的工作流程。这一工作流程受到细胞周期检查点的启发,细胞周期检查点可确保在细胞复制过程中只传递完美的 DNA 副本。利用这一认识,生产行业有可能改进自身的流程和效率。
{"title":"Biomimetic Regulation in Supply Chains and Production Systems","authors":"Marc Thielen, Niclas Trube, Johannes M. Schneider, Malte von Ramin","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202400049","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aisy.202400049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The production industry is challenged to become more flexible and efficient while coping with a variety of disruptive events, such as natural disasters, infrastructure blockages, or economic crises. From the individual station on a production line to the global supply chain, everything is connected, making regulation and control a complex task. Biological molecular processes, such as the metabolism of living organisms or the cell cycle, are also extremely complex processes that can be compared to industrial production processes, both of which involve a series of intermediate steps and products. Thanks to (self-)regulatory mechanisms that have evolved over time, these biological mechanisms are very efficient and robust in the face of perturbations. This article proposes an explanatory representation of these complex processes, considering both biological and technical aspects. The aim is to facilitate biomimetic transfer of biological regulation mechanisms into the technical domain. It presents concepts for biomimetic regulation of production lines and sourcing strategies and introduces a workflow for generating digital twins. This workflow is inspired by the cell cycle checkpoints, which ensure that only perfect copies of DNA are passed on during cell replication. By leveraging this understanding, the production industry can potentially improve its own processes and efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"6 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202400049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}