Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2025.10.002
A. Peraza , S. Gómez-Perera , R. Arnay , J. Sigut Saavedra , T. Díaz-Alemán
Objective
The main objective of this study is to develop a tool capable of synthesizing images of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) that simulate glaucoma progression using generative antagonistic networks (GANs).
Material and methods
The dataset includes 406 GCL images of 76 eyes with glaucoma and progression, recorded by a spectral domain optical coherence tomograph (OCT). The Pix2Pix model, a conditional antagonistic generative network, was used to transform the current GCL images into images representing glaucoma progression. A total of 70% of the samples were used for training and 30% for model testing. The structural similarity coefficient was used to analyze the similarity between the real and generated images, and finally, an expert's opinion was used to assess the originality of the generated images.
Results
The synthesized images successfully replicate glaucoma lesion patterns, with good generalizability and reproducibility. The results show a mean structural similarity between 0.76 and 0.78 in the different tests. The test with the expert obtained an accuracy of 57% in distinguishing between real and generated images.
Conclusions
The system developed can generate synthetic images of the GCL with a high similarity to the real ones, demonstrating the effectiveness of the model in synthesizing images that represent the evolution of glaucoma.
{"title":"Simulating glaucoma progression in the retinal ganglion cell layer with generative adversarial networks","authors":"A. Peraza , S. Gómez-Perera , R. Arnay , J. Sigut Saavedra , T. Díaz-Alemán","doi":"10.1016/j.oftale.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftale.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The main objective of this study is to develop a tool capable of synthesizing images of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) that simulate glaucoma progression using generative antagonistic networks (GANs).</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>The dataset includes 406 GCL images of 76 eyes with glaucoma and progression, recorded by a spectral domain optical coherence tomograph (OCT). The Pix2Pix model, a conditional antagonistic generative network, was used to transform the current GCL images into images representing glaucoma progression. A total of 70% of the samples were used for training and 30% for model testing. The structural similarity coefficient was used to analyze the similarity between the real and generated images, and finally, an expert's opinion was used to assess the originality of the generated images.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The synthesized images successfully replicate glaucoma lesion patterns, with good generalizability and reproducibility. The results show a mean structural similarity between 0.76 and 0.78 in the different tests. The test with the expert obtained an accuracy of 57% in distinguishing between real and generated images.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The system developed can generate synthetic images of the GCL with a high similarity to the real ones, demonstrating the effectiveness of the model in synthesizing images that represent the evolution of glaucoma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93886,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia","volume":"100 12","pages":"Pages 759-766"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2025.10.007
L. Domínguez García , P. Vázquez Colomo , P. Spang-Valencia , S. Quiñones Garrido , E. Ruiz Bravo-Burguillos
Although keratoplasties are key surgical procedures for treating corneal diseases, they may present late complications such as retrocorneal membranes. We present an unusual case following a penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) in a patient with a history of DMEK. This is the case of an 85-year-old woman with a past medical history of DMEK and 2 PKPs due to previous graft failures, who developed a retrocorneal membrane 6 months after the last PKP. A membranectomy was performed. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of retained Descemet’s membrane and decreased endothelial cell density. Visual acuity remained stable (0.4–0.63) with no signs of edema. No recurrence was observed. Late retention of Descemet’s membrane may result from incomplete descemetorhexis, among other causes. Although asymptomatic, it may require surgery. Close postoperative follow-up is essential.
{"title":"Retained Descemet's membrane after penetrating keratoplasty with previous Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty","authors":"L. Domínguez García , P. Vázquez Colomo , P. Spang-Valencia , S. Quiñones Garrido , E. Ruiz Bravo-Burguillos","doi":"10.1016/j.oftale.2025.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftale.2025.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although keratoplasties are key surgical procedures for treating corneal diseases, they may present late complications such as retrocorneal membranes. We present an unusual case following a penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) in a patient with a history of DMEK. This is the case of an 85-year-old woman with a past medical history of DMEK and 2 PKPs due to previous graft failures, who developed a retrocorneal membrane 6 months after the last PKP. A membranectomy was performed. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of retained Descemet’s membrane and decreased endothelial cell density. Visual acuity remained stable (0.4–0.63) with no signs of edema. No recurrence was observed. Late retention of Descemet’s membrane may result from incomplete descemetorhexis, among other causes. Although asymptomatic, it may require surgery. Close postoperative follow-up is essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93886,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia","volume":"100 12","pages":"Pages 802-807"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145310254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2025.09.013
F. Garcia Ibor, N. Ruiz del Rio, A. Caro Ortega
{"title":"Reversible syphilitic ellipsoiditis","authors":"F. Garcia Ibor, N. Ruiz del Rio, A. Caro Ortega","doi":"10.1016/j.oftale.2025.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftale.2025.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93886,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia","volume":"100 12","pages":"Pages 812-813"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2025.10.005
G. Morocho, J.P. Aldecoa, G. Fridrich, S. Vivante, N. Gorjovsky
Background and objective
Levator aponeurosis advancement is a technique used to treat aponeurotic ptosis, which can be performed via anterior (transcutaneous) or posterior (transconjunctival) approach, each with specific advantages. This study aims to evaluate and compare pre- and postoperative eyelid aperture outcomes for both techniques and analyze the rate of over- and undercorrections, contributing to a better understanding of their efficacy and limitations.
Materials and methods
We conducted a retrospective study on 62 eyelids with aponeurotic ptosis and good levator function. A total of 32 anterior and 30 posterior approaches were performed, assessing marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1), eyelid aperture (EA), and their pre- and postoperative variations, along with the rate of over- and undercorrections relative to ideal values.
Results
MRD1: Preoperative values for the anterior approach were 1.59 ± 1.08 mm, and 0.85 ± 1.00 mm for the posterior approach. Improvements were 2.08 ± 1.59 mm for the anterior approach and 2.13 ± 1.32 mm for the posterior one (p > 0.05).
EA: Improvements were 2.03 ± 2.15 mm for the anterior approach and 2.50 ± 1.66 mm for the posterior one (p > 0.05).
Ideal MRD1 correction (4 mm) was achieved in 31.3% of anterior cases vs 20.0% of posterior cases (p ≈ 0.05).
Ideal EA correction (10 mm) was achieved in 18.8% of anterior cases vs 3.3% of posterior cases (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Both approaches are effective, but the anterior approach demonstrates higher rates of ideal corrections and fewer undercorrections. The posterior approach was used in lower preoperative MRD1 cases, which may have influenced the results. Selection should be based on the patient’s specific characteristics and needs.
背景和目的：提上肌腱膜推进术是一种用于治疗腱膜性上睑下垂的技术，可以通过前路（经皮）或后路（经结膜）入路进行，每种入路都有其独特的优点。本研究旨在评估和比较这两种技术的术前和术后眼睑光圈结果，并分析矫正过度和矫正不足的比率，从而更好地了解它们的疗效和局限性。材料与方法：对62例腱膜性上睑下垂且提上睑肌功能良好的眼睑进行回顾性研究。共进行了32次前路和30次后路手术，评估边缘反射距离1 （MRD1）、眼睑孔径（EA）及其术前和术后变化，以及相对于理想值的过度和不足矫正率。结果：MRD1：前路术前值为1.59±1.08 mm，后路术前值为0.85±1.00 mm。前路改善2.08±1.59 mm，后路改善2.13±1.32 mm （p < 0.05）。EA：前路改善2.03±2.15 mm，后路改善2.50±1.66 mm （p < 0.05）。31.3%的前路病例和20.0%的后路病例实现了理想的MRD1矫正（4 mm） （p≈0.05）。18.8%的前路病例和3.3%的后路病例实现了理想的EA矫正（10 mm） (p)。结论：两种入路都是有效的，但前路表现出更高的理想矫正率和更少的矫正不足。术前DMR1较低的病例采用后路入路，这可能影响了结果。选择应根据患者的具体特点和需要。
{"title":"Comparing anterior and posterior approaches for levator aponeurosis advancement: eyelid opening outcomes","authors":"G. Morocho, J.P. Aldecoa, G. Fridrich, S. Vivante, N. Gorjovsky","doi":"10.1016/j.oftale.2025.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftale.2025.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective</h3><div>Levator aponeurosis advancement is a technique used to treat aponeurotic ptosis, which can be performed via anterior (transcutaneous) or posterior (transconjunctival) approach, each with specific advantages. This study aims to evaluate and compare pre- and postoperative eyelid aperture outcomes for both techniques and analyze the rate of over- and undercorrections, contributing to a better understanding of their efficacy and limitations.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective study on 62 eyelids with aponeurotic ptosis and good levator function. A total of 32 anterior and 30 posterior approaches were performed, assessing marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1), eyelid aperture (EA), and their pre- and postoperative variations, along with the rate of over- and undercorrections relative to ideal values.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MRD1: Preoperative values for the anterior approach were 1.59 ± 1.08 mm, and 0.85 ± 1.00 mm for the posterior approach. Improvements were 2.08 ± 1.59 mm for the anterior approach and 2.13 ± 1.32 mm for the posterior one (p > 0.05).</div><div>EA: Improvements were 2.03 ± 2.15 mm for the anterior approach and 2.50 ± 1.66 mm for the posterior one (p > 0.05).</div><div>Ideal MRD1 correction (4 mm) was achieved in 31.3% of anterior cases vs 20.0% of posterior cases (p ≈ 0.05).</div><div>Ideal EA correction (10 mm) was achieved in 18.8% of anterior cases vs 3.3% of posterior cases (p < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both approaches are effective, but the anterior approach demonstrates higher rates of ideal corrections and fewer undercorrections. The posterior approach was used in lower preoperative MRD1 cases, which may have influenced the results. Selection should be based on the patient’s specific characteristics and needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93886,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia","volume":"100 12","pages":"Pages 767-774"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145310309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2025.09.010
C.M. Ortega, A.T. Pérez Bello, B.F. Graizman Kohan, M.D. Eraso Quintero, J. Stuart Pennington, F.M. Preto
Nivolumab and ipilimumab are immune checkpoint inhibitors widely used for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. They can cause various adverse effects in a significant percentage of treated patients, including uveitis. Symptoms include decreased visual acuity, pain, redness, and photophobia, which typically resolve with appropriate anti-inflammatory therapy. The aim of this work is to report a case of uveitis in a patient on ipilimumab and nivolumab for the treatment of metastatic melanoma, as well as the response to therapy with difluprednate.
{"title":"Uveitis associated with immunotherapy and its response to monotherapy with difluprednate: A case report","authors":"C.M. Ortega, A.T. Pérez Bello, B.F. Graizman Kohan, M.D. Eraso Quintero, J. Stuart Pennington, F.M. Preto","doi":"10.1016/j.oftale.2025.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftale.2025.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nivolumab and ipilimumab are immune checkpoint inhibitors widely used for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. They can cause various adverse effects in a significant percentage of treated patients, including uveitis. Symptoms include decreased visual acuity, pain, redness, and photophobia, which typically resolve with appropriate anti-inflammatory therapy. The aim of this work is to report a case of uveitis in a patient on ipilimumab and nivolumab for the treatment of metastatic melanoma, as well as the response to therapy with difluprednate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93886,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia","volume":"100 12","pages":"Pages 788-792"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2025.09.009
S. Mejía-Freire , G. De La Mata
Congenital simple hamartoma of the retinal pigment epithelium is a rare, benign retinal lesion, rarely seen bilaterally. This case shows a 46-year-old man initially misdiagnosed with macular dystrophy, whose vision progressively declined over several years due to concomitant cataracts. Multimodal imaging, including OCT, was key in differentiating from more serious conditions such as choroidal melanoma. With no growth or secondary complications, the lesion remains under regular monitoring. This case underscores the importance of imaging in distinguishing CSHRPE from other chorioretinal disorders.
{"title":"Bilateral congenital simple hamartoma of the retinal pigment epithelium","authors":"S. Mejía-Freire , G. De La Mata","doi":"10.1016/j.oftale.2025.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftale.2025.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Congenital simple hamartoma of the retinal pigment epithelium is a rare, benign retinal lesion, rarely seen bilaterally. This case shows a 46-year-old man initially misdiagnosed with macular dystrophy, whose vision progressively declined over several years due to concomitant cataracts. Multimodal imaging, including OCT, was key in differentiating from more serious conditions such as choroidal melanoma. With no growth or secondary complications, the lesion remains under regular monitoring. This case underscores the importance of imaging in distinguishing CSHRPE from other chorioretinal disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93886,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia","volume":"100 12","pages":"Pages 793-797"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2025.10.009
M. Martinez-de-la-Casa , M. Matilla , J. Garcia-Bella , L. Morales , B. Burgos-Blasco
Background and objective
The changes of ocular biometric parameters with age have significant clinical implications for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation and surgical planning. However, few large-sample studies have analyzed this variability in Mediterranean populations with cataract. The objective of the present study is to analyze the biometric characteristics of a large sample with a complete age representation
Material and methods
Retrospective observational study including 5,716 eyes. Axial length (AL), corneal radii (R1 and R2), anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT), white-to-white diameter (WTW), and lens thickness (LT) were analyzed. Linear and polynomial regression models were applied to assess their relationship with age. Adjustments for sex were performed using multiple regression.
Results
AL and ACD decreased significantly with age (p < 0.001), while LT increased exponentially from the sixth decade onwards (p < 0.001). No relevant changes were observed in CCT or WTW. Males presented greater AL, ACD, and WTW than females (p < 0.001). Variability increased in older age groups.
Conclusions
This study provides detailed and population-specific reference values for the Mediterranean population with cataract. Identifying morphometric patterns associated with ocular aging enables optimized IOL calculation and risk anticipation in elderly patients.
{"title":"Analysis of ocular biometric characteristics in a Mediterranean population","authors":"M. Martinez-de-la-Casa , M. Matilla , J. Garcia-Bella , L. Morales , B. Burgos-Blasco","doi":"10.1016/j.oftale.2025.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftale.2025.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective</h3><div>The changes of ocular biometric parameters with age have significant clinical implications for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation and surgical planning. However, few large-sample studies have analyzed this variability in Mediterranean populations with cataract. The objective of the present study is to analyze the biometric characteristics of a large sample with a complete age representation</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Retrospective observational study including 5,716 eyes. Axial length (AL), corneal radii (R1 and R2), anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT), white-to-white diameter (WTW), and lens thickness (LT) were analyzed. Linear and polynomial regression models were applied to assess their relationship with age. Adjustments for sex were performed using multiple regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>AL and ACD decreased significantly with age (p < 0.001), while LT increased exponentially from the sixth decade onwards (p < 0.001). No relevant changes were observed in CCT or WTW. Males presented greater AL, ACD, and WTW than females (p < 0.001). Variability increased in older age groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides detailed and population-specific reference values for the Mediterranean population with cataract. Identifying morphometric patterns associated with ocular aging enables optimized IOL calculation and risk anticipation in elderly patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93886,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia","volume":"100 12","pages":"Pages 775-780"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2025.10.011
V. Miralles-Pechuán, J. González Martín-Moro
{"title":"Social media and ophthalmology in Spain: a new scenario for patients and professionals","authors":"V. Miralles-Pechuán, J. González Martín-Moro","doi":"10.1016/j.oftale.2025.10.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftale.2025.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93886,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia","volume":"100 12","pages":"Pages 749-751"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145369088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To determine the state of ocular surface and tear film in college students who are users of inhalants, mainly vapers.
Methods
We conducted a descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study with 62 participants whose sociodemographic characteristics, ocular surface status, tear film and variables related to vaping were evaluated. Individuals with a higher (5–7 times per week of consumption) and lower frequency of vaping (1–4 times per week of consumption) were evaluated. Symptom documentation was standardized using the OSDI questionnaire and biomicroscopy to evaluate ocular adnexa and anterior segment structures, blinking frequency and eye protection index (EPI) were also determined.
Results
A total of 76% of participants were men with a median age of 20.37 years, and an age range between 18 and 28 years. Participants with a higher frequency of vaping exhibited blepharitis (60%) (P-value > .05), meibomian gland obstruction (65.63%) (P-value > .05), tarsal conjunctival hyperemia (52.94%) (P-value < .05), tarsal conjunctival hyperemia (52.94%) (P-value < .05), generalized bulbar hyperemia (72.73%) (P-value > .05), papillary reaction (60%) (P-value > .05), conjunctival staining (75%) (P-value > .05), limbal redness (61.54%) (P-value > .05).
A normal Schirmer I (median 31 mm/5 min), short tear breakup time (median 3.5 s in BUT) and a lower number of blinks per minute (median 10.75) were found, yet the EPI was lower (median 0.58).
Conclusions
Vaping could be associated with ocular health alterations, such as blepharitis, meibomian gland obstruction, conjunctival hyperemia, conjunctival staining and altered tear quality. Follow-up studies are recommended to establish causal relationships.
{"title":"Ocular surface and tear film in university students who use inhalant substances, mainly vapers","authors":"A.B. López Álvarez, D.A. Ulloa Delgado, D.C. Palencia Flórez, M.C. Morón Barreto","doi":"10.1016/j.oftale.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftale.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the state of ocular surface and tear film in college students who are users of inhalants, mainly vapers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study with 62 participants whose sociodemographic characteristics, ocular surface status, tear film and variables related to vaping were evaluated. Individuals with a higher (5–7 times per week of consumption) and lower frequency of vaping (1–4 times per week of consumption) were evaluated. Symptom documentation was standardized using the OSDI questionnaire and biomicroscopy to evaluate ocular adnexa and anterior segment structures, blinking frequency and eye protection index (EPI) were also determined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 76% of participants were men with a median age of 20.37 years, and an age range between 18 and 28 years. Participants with a higher frequency of vaping exhibited blepharitis (60%) (<em>P</em>-value > .05), meibomian gland obstruction (65.63%) (<em>P</em>-value > .05), tarsal conjunctival hyperemia (52.94%) (<em>P</em>-value < .05), tarsal conjunctival hyperemia (52.94%) (<em>P</em>-value < .05), generalized bulbar hyperemia (72.73%) (<em>P</em>-value > .05), papillary reaction (60%) (<em>P</em>-value > .05), conjunctival staining (75%) (<em>P</em>-value > .05), limbal redness (61.54%) (<em>P</em>-value > .05).</div><div>A normal Schirmer I (median 31 mm/5 min), short tear breakup time (median 3.5 s in BUT) and a lower number of blinks per minute (median 10.75) were found, yet the EPI was lower (median 0.58).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Vaping could be associated with ocular health alterations, such as blepharitis, meibomian gland obstruction, conjunctival hyperemia, conjunctival staining and altered tear quality. Follow-up studies are recommended to establish causal relationships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93886,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia","volume":"100 11","pages":"Pages 666-673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2025.09.005
J. Lorenzo-Castro , A.D. Alarcón-García , A. Valverde-Megías , J. Montero-Hernández , S. Copete , P. Fernandez-Avellaneda , M.Á. Zapata , O. Ruiz-Moreno , L. Arias-Barquet , J.I. Fernández-Vigo
Background and objectives
To assess the perception and management of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) in Spain through a survey aimed at retinal specialists.
Material and methods
The working group designed an original online survey, including 42 questions categorized into 4 sections: clinical perception, diagnosis, clinical management, and prognosis.
Results
A total of 114 ophthalmologists completed the survey. The mean age was 46 years (range, 26–72), 54.5% were men, and the mean post-residency experience was 17.5 years. CSCR was perceived as a growing condition by 80% of participants. While 75% believed acute CSCR tends to resolve spontaneously, 63% estimated chronicity in <25% of cases; however, if chronicity occurs, 77% considered spontaneous resolution unlikely without treatment. Besides OCT, OCT angiography was the most used diagnostic imaging modalitu (72%), followed by fundus autofluorescence (65%). Systemic work-up was never considered by 30%, while 62% would only consider it in the presence of bilateral or multifocal cases, with cortisol being the most frequently investigated parameter. Observation is preferred in acute CSCR, while photodynamic therapy is favored in chronic forms. Focal laser and anti-VEGF agents are preferred for extrafoveal leaks and neovascular membranes, respectively. While 80% expect anatomical improvement with treatment, there is consensus on its limited functional benefits.
Conclusions
This survey highlights that CSCR is perceived as an increasingly prevalent disease with high recurrence and potential for chronicity. It also reveals preferences and variability in its management among specialists.
{"title":"National study on the management of central serous chorioretinopathy","authors":"J. Lorenzo-Castro , A.D. Alarcón-García , A. Valverde-Megías , J. Montero-Hernández , S. Copete , P. Fernandez-Avellaneda , M.Á. Zapata , O. Ruiz-Moreno , L. Arias-Barquet , J.I. Fernández-Vigo","doi":"10.1016/j.oftale.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftale.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>To assess the perception and management of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) in Spain through a survey aimed at retinal specialists.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>The working group designed an original online survey, including 42 questions categorized into 4 sections: clinical perception, diagnosis, clinical management, and prognosis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 114 ophthalmologists completed the survey. The mean age was 46 years (range, 26–72), 54.5% were men, and the mean post-residency experience was 17.5 years. CSCR was perceived as a growing condition by 80% of participants. While 75% believed acute CSCR tends to resolve spontaneously, 63% estimated chronicity in <25% of cases; however, if chronicity occurs, 77% considered spontaneous resolution unlikely without treatment. Besides OCT, OCT angiography was the most used diagnostic imaging modalitu (72%), followed by fundus autofluorescence (65%). Systemic work-up was never considered by 30%, while 62% would only consider it in the presence of bilateral or multifocal cases, with cortisol being the most frequently investigated parameter. Observation is preferred in acute CSCR, while photodynamic therapy is favored in chronic forms. Focal laser and anti-VEGF agents are preferred for extrafoveal leaks and neovascular membranes, respectively. While 80% expect anatomical improvement with treatment, there is consensus on its limited functional benefits.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This survey highlights that CSCR is perceived as an increasingly prevalent disease with high recurrence and potential for chronicity. It also reveals preferences and variability in its management among specialists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93886,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia","volume":"100 11","pages":"Pages 674-682"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145126795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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