N. Mishra , D.J. McMahon , C.J. Oberg , T.S. Oberg
The presence of sodium gluconate in Cheddar cheese, which can be added as a processing aid during manufacture, has been shown as a contributing factor to gas production and gas defects in aged cheese. A survey of gluconate content in retail Cheddar cheese was performed. Fifty-three retail packs of Cheddar cheese were purchased from stores in Utah as blocks, shreds, sliced cheeses, or individual-sized cuts and sticks. This included mild, medium, and sharp cheeses. Analysis of gluconate content was performed using an enzyme assay. Levels of gluconate ≥0.1% were found in 7 samples with the highest level being 0.45% (wt/wt).
{"title":"Survey of sodium gluconate content in retail Cheddar cheese","authors":"N. Mishra , D.J. McMahon , C.J. Oberg , T.S. Oberg","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0569","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of sodium gluconate in Cheddar cheese, which can be added as a processing aid during manufacture, has been shown as a contributing factor to gas production and gas defects in aged cheese. A survey of gluconate content in retail Cheddar cheese was performed. Fifty-three retail packs of Cheddar cheese were purchased from stores in Utah as blocks, shreds, sliced cheeses, or individual-sized cuts and sticks. This included mild, medium, and sharp cheeses. Analysis of gluconate content was performed using an enzyme assay. Levels of gluconate ≥0.1% were found in 7 samples with the highest level being 0.45% (wt/wt).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 16-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During summer, dairy heifers are often managed extensively in Switzerland. This applies to 2 different types of husbandry systems across the country (i.e., to heifers on alpine transhumance pastures and to heifers on pastures belonging to a year-round lowland farm). In contrast to heifers, dairy cows are more intensively farmed and spend more time in confinement. The prevalence of skin lesions (e.g., hock injuries) in dairy cows is high. The aim of this study was to record the prevalence of skin lesions in heifers and to possibly determine the time of occurrence of these lesions. To this end, heifers from both husbandry systems (alpine pastures vs. year-round lowland farm pastures) were inspected both visually and through palpation, and findings were compared. Inspection took place in the fall (i.e., at the end of the alpine pasturing season before descent to the lowlands). Of the 480 heifers included on a total of 28 farms, skin lesions were found in 13.1% of individuals. Skin lesions commonly associated with barn design (e.g., injuries on the dewlap or hock injuries) and skin lesions on the pelvis were most frequently detected, equally distributed among husbandry systems. In conclusion, the prevalence of skin lesions among Swiss dairy heifers appears to be lower compared with dairy cows, at least as measured in the fall before heifers transition to the main dairy herd. Accordingly, deploying measures to reduce skin lesions is more efficient on dairy farms than in heifer raising systems.
{"title":"Welfare in Swiss dairy heifers: Comparative assessment of skin lesions in 2 housing systems","authors":"R.M. Schmid, A. Loup, E. Studer, J. Becker","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0610","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During summer, dairy heifers are often managed extensively in Switzerland. This applies to 2 different types of husbandry systems across the country (i.e., to heifers on alpine transhumance pastures and to heifers on pastures belonging to a year-round lowland farm). In contrast to heifers, dairy cows are more intensively farmed and spend more time in confinement. The prevalence of skin lesions (e.g., hock injuries) in dairy cows is high. The aim of this study was to record the prevalence of skin lesions in heifers and to possibly determine the time of occurrence of these lesions. To this end, heifers from both husbandry systems (alpine pastures vs. year-round lowland farm pastures) were inspected both visually and through palpation, and findings were compared. Inspection took place in the fall (i.e., at the end of the alpine pasturing season before descent to the lowlands). Of the 480 heifers included on a total of 28 farms, skin lesions were found in 13.1% of individuals. Skin lesions commonly associated with barn design (e.g., injuries on the dewlap or hock injuries) and skin lesions on the pelvis were most frequently detected, equally distributed among husbandry systems. In conclusion, the prevalence of skin lesions among Swiss dairy heifers appears to be lower compared with dairy cows, at least as measured in the fall before heifers transition to the main dairy herd. Accordingly, deploying measures to reduce skin lesions is more efficient on dairy farms than in heifer raising systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 100-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raquel Desenzi , Camila J. Cuellar , Quinn A. Hoorn , André Mariano Batista , Rafael Artur da Silva Jr. , Peter J. Hansen
Pharmacological elevation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) of cultured cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) before or coincident with initiation of maturation has been reported to improve outcomes for various systems for in vitro production of embryos. Here it was hypothesized that artificial elevation of cAMP in the oocyte for a 2-h period of prematuration would improve developmental competence of matured oocytes and result in increased blastocyst yield and altered expression of genes important for embryonic differentiation. Treated COC were cultured for 2 h with dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP), a membrane-permeable form of cAMP, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), which inhibits phosphodiesterases that convert cAMP to ATP. Subsequently, oocytes were matured and fertilized and the resultant embryos cultured for 7.5 d. There was no effect of treatment on the percent of oocytes or cleaved embryos becoming blastocysts or on transcript abundance of EOMES, GATA4, NANOG, SOX2, or SOX17 in the blastocyst. Results do not support the use of pharmacological enhancers of cAMP concentrations in the oocyte for improving the blastocyst yield following in vitro oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo culture.
{"title":"Lack of effect of cyclic adenosine monophosphate modulation during prematuration in vitro on development to the blastocyst stage and expression of specific genes associated with lineage commitment","authors":"Raquel Desenzi , Camila J. Cuellar , Quinn A. Hoorn , André Mariano Batista , Rafael Artur da Silva Jr. , Peter J. Hansen","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0625","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pharmacological elevation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) of cultured cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) before or coincident with initiation of maturation has been reported to improve outcomes for various systems for in vitro production of embryos. Here it was hypothesized that artificial elevation of cAMP in the oocyte for a 2-h period of prematuration would improve developmental competence of matured oocytes and result in increased blastocyst yield and altered expression of genes important for embryonic differentiation. Treated COC were cultured for 2 h with dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP), a membrane-permeable form of cAMP, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), which inhibits phosphodiesterases that convert cAMP to ATP. Subsequently, oocytes were matured and fertilized and the resultant embryos cultured for 7.5 d. There was no effect of treatment on the percent of oocytes or cleaved embryos becoming blastocysts or on transcript abundance of <em>EOMES</em>, <em>GATA4</em>, <em>NANOG</em>, <em>SOX2</em>, or <em>SOX17</em> in the blastocyst. Results do not support the use of pharmacological enhancers of cAMP concentrations in the oocyte for improving the blastocyst yield following in vitro oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo culture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 171-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ellynn Nizzi , Borbala Foris , Daniel M. Weary , Anne Boudon , Marina A.G. von Keyserlingk
Water is an essential resource for dairy cows, and its consumption is closely linked to feed intake. Social competition can lead to changes in drinking behavior, especially for subordinate cows. We studied how changes in stocking density at the feeder (1 or 2 cows per feeder), and drinker (6 or 12 cows per drinker) and a temporal feed restriction (14- or 24-h access) affects drinking in 4 groups of 6 cows each, following a Latin square design. We recorded drinking behavior within each group of 6 focal cows, and 2 were identified as most dominant, 2 as most subordinate, and the 2 others as intermediate, based on success in agonistic interactions at the drinker. Cows drank less water when feed availability was restricted (on average 5.3 ± 3.4 [SE] L/d less; 4.5% average difference). Subordinate cows also spent less time drinking when overstocked (9.3 ± 6.7 min/d less; 24.3% difference). During treatments with more competition, cows were more likely to be observed drinking in the hours after the peak in drinking observed for the control treatment. A high level of competition among group-housed animals is considered a welfare problem and can lead to injuries and reduced production. Our findings provide evidence that feed restriction and higher stocking density of cows at the drinker and feeders changes the drinking behavior of cows, with subordinate animals experiencing more pronounced effects.
{"title":"Stocking density at feeders and drinkers and temporal feed restriction affects dairy cows' drinking behavior","authors":"Ellynn Nizzi , Borbala Foris , Daniel M. Weary , Anne Boudon , Marina A.G. von Keyserlingk","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0585","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water is an essential resource for dairy cows, and its consumption is closely linked to feed intake. Social competition can lead to changes in drinking behavior, especially for subordinate cows. We studied how changes in stocking density at the feeder (1 or 2 cows per feeder), and drinker (6 or 12 cows per drinker) and a temporal feed restriction (14- or 24-h access) affects drinking in 4 groups of 6 cows each, following a Latin square design. We recorded drinking behavior within each group of 6 focal cows, and 2 were identified as most dominant, 2 as most subordinate, and the 2 others as intermediate, based on success in agonistic interactions at the drinker. Cows drank less water when feed availability was restricted (on average 5.3 ± 3.4 [SE] L/d less; 4.5% average difference). Subordinate cows also spent less time drinking when overstocked (9.3 ± 6.7 min/d less; 24.3% difference). During treatments with more competition, cows were more likely to be observed drinking in the hours after the peak in drinking observed for the control treatment. A high level of competition among group-housed animals is considered a welfare problem and can lead to injuries and reduced production. Our findings provide evidence that feed restriction and higher stocking density of cows at the drinker and feeders changes the drinking behavior of cows, with subordinate animals experiencing more pronounced effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 104-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A.R. Wolfe , B.C. Agustinho , M. Mahdavi-Yekta , G.A. Contreras , D.E. Konetchy , A.H. Laarman , P. Rezamand
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the weaning calves at 2 ages (early vs. late) and 2 weaning paces (abrupt over 3 d vs. gradual over 14 d) on plasma oxylipids. Seventy-one dairy calves (38.8 ± 4.4 kg, BW ± SD), blocked by sex and BW at birth, were randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The factors were weaning age (early: 6–7 wk vs. late: 8–9 wk) and weaning pace (abrupt: 3 weaning steps over 2 d vs. gradual: 7 weaning steps over 14 d), generating 4 treatment groups: early-abrupt, early-gradual, late-abrupt, and late-gradual. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein 1 d preweaning, and one day postweaning. Oxylipids concentration was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem MS. Fatty acid profile (including nonesterified fatty acids) was also assessed. Weaning pace, age, pace × age, BW at birth, and sex were included as fixed effect and cohort was included as random effect in the model. Linoleic acid derivatives 13- oxooctadecadienoic (OxoODE) and 9-OxoODE had a greater concentration in calves abruptly weaned when compared with those for gradually weaned calves. Calves weaned gradually showed a greater concentration of 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic (HODE), 13-HODE, 12,13-dihydroxyoctadecenoic (DiHOME), 9,10-DiHOME, all linoleic acid-derived compared with that for abruptly weaned calves. Anti-inflammatory oxylipid 17,18-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic, an eicosapentaenoic acid derivative, was greater in calves abruptly weaned compared with those gradually weaned. Overall, the pace of weaning affected the plasma concentration of oxylipids, demonstrating that weaning pace affects the oxylipids status involved in inflammation in dairy calves.
{"title":"Effect of weaning strategies on biosynthesis of oxylipids in Holstein dairy calves","authors":"A.R. Wolfe , B.C. Agustinho , M. Mahdavi-Yekta , G.A. Contreras , D.E. Konetchy , A.H. Laarman , P. Rezamand","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0600","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the weaning calves at 2 ages (early vs. late) and 2 weaning paces (abrupt over 3 d vs. gradual over 14 d) on plasma oxylipids. Seventy-one dairy calves (38.8 ± 4.4 kg, BW ± SD), blocked by sex and BW at birth, were randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The factors were weaning age (early: 6–7 wk vs. late: 8–9 wk) and weaning pace (abrupt: 3 weaning steps over 2 d vs. gradual: 7 weaning steps over 14 d), generating 4 treatment groups: early-abrupt, early-gradual, late-abrupt, and late-gradual. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein 1 d preweaning, and one day postweaning. Oxylipids concentration was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem MS. Fatty acid profile (including nonesterified fatty acids) was also assessed. Weaning pace, age, pace × age, BW at birth, and sex were included as fixed effect and cohort was included as random effect in the model. Linoleic acid derivatives 13- oxooctadecadienoic (OxoODE) and 9-OxoODE had a greater concentration in calves abruptly weaned when compared with those for gradually weaned calves. Calves weaned gradually showed a greater concentration of 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic (HODE), 13-HODE, 12,13-dihydroxyoctadecenoic (DiHOME), 9,10-DiHOME, all linoleic acid-derived compared with that for abruptly weaned calves. Anti-inflammatory oxylipid 17,18-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic, an eicosapentaenoic acid derivative, was greater in calves abruptly weaned compared with those gradually weaned. Overall, the pace of weaning affected the plasma concentration of oxylipids, demonstrating that weaning pace affects the oxylipids status involved in inflammation in dairy calves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 149-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Caccin , B. Fuerst-Waltl , C. Fuerst , A. Costa , M. Penasa
In recent decades, a general increase in multiple birth (MB) rate has been reported in both dairy and dual-purpose cattle breeds. As there is evidence that MB has negative effects on economically important traits in dairy cows, the aims of this study were to (i) investigate environmental and genetic factors affecting MB rate and (ii) assess the impact of MB on productive and nonproductive traits of the Austrian dual-purpose breeds Pinzgauer and Tyrol Grey. The dataset included 99,141 calvings of 33,791 Pinzgauer and 68,454 calvings of 19,244 Tyrol Grey cows recorded from 2000 to 2022. Environmental factors affecting MB were investigated using logistic regression, and genetic parameters of MB were estimated using linear and threshold animal models. In addition, the effects of MB on milk, fat, and protein yields and calving ease were analyzed using a linear mixed model, whereas stillbirth and cow survival (binary traits) were analyzed by logistic regression. The average MB rate from 2000 to 2022 was 5.80% for Pinzgauer and 3.89% for Tyrol Grey. The lowest MB rate was observed in primiparous cows in both breeds, and the highest in fourth-parity Pinzgauer and seventh-parity Tyrol Grey cows. The highest MB rate was in summer regardless of the breed. In Pinzgauer, the MB negatively affected dairy traits and survival, and in Tyrol Grey, it affected fat yield and calving ease. Stillbirth was notably higher when MB occurred than in single births in both breeds. In Pinzgauer, the estimated heritability was 0.029 (linear) and 0.138 (threshold), whereas in Tyrol Grey, it was 0.040 (linear) and 0.200 (threshold). Low additive genetic variation exists for this trait, but it is still exploitable in genetic programs aimed at curbing the MB rate.
{"title":"Genetic and nongenetic variation of multiple births in Austrian dual-purpose cows","authors":"M. Caccin , B. Fuerst-Waltl , C. Fuerst , A. Costa , M. Penasa","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0576","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent decades, a general increase in multiple birth (MB) rate has been reported in both dairy and dual-purpose cattle breeds. As there is evidence that MB has negative effects on economically important traits in dairy cows, the aims of this study were to (i) investigate environmental and genetic factors affecting MB rate and (ii) assess the impact of MB on productive and nonproductive traits of the Austrian dual-purpose breeds Pinzgauer and Tyrol Grey. The dataset included 99,141 calvings of 33,791 Pinzgauer and 68,454 calvings of 19,244 Tyrol Grey cows recorded from 2000 to 2022. Environmental factors affecting MB were investigated using logistic regression, and genetic parameters of MB were estimated using linear and threshold animal models. In addition, the effects of MB on milk, fat, and protein yields and calving ease were analyzed using a linear mixed model, whereas stillbirth and cow survival (binary traits) were analyzed by logistic regression. The average MB rate from 2000 to 2022 was 5.80% for Pinzgauer and 3.89% for Tyrol Grey. The lowest MB rate was observed in primiparous cows in both breeds, and the highest in fourth-parity Pinzgauer and seventh-parity Tyrol Grey cows. The highest MB rate was in summer regardless of the breed. In Pinzgauer, the MB negatively affected dairy traits and survival, and in Tyrol Grey, it affected fat yield and calving ease. Stillbirth was notably higher when MB occurred than in single births in both breeds. In Pinzgauer, the estimated heritability was 0.029 (linear) and 0.138 (threshold), whereas in Tyrol Grey, it was 0.040 (linear) and 0.200 (threshold). Low additive genetic variation exists for this trait, but it is still exploitable in genetic programs aimed at curbing the MB rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 79-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Soufleri , G. Banos , N. Panousis , V. Tsiamadis , A. Kougioumtzis , G. Arsenos , G.E. Valergakis
The objective of this study was to derive the estimated breeding values (EBVs) of Holstein sires for colostrum and passive transfer of immunity traits to (1) estimate the genetic association between these new traits and established production, conformation, and function, and (2) explore whether sires can be classified in specific profiles regarding the new traits. For cow colostrum traits, the study included 699 daughters of 67 sires from 6 commercial dairy herds. The number of daughters per sire ranged from 5 to 49. Passive transfer of immunity was measured as the blood serum total protein content in 854 purebred Holstein calves of 61 sires from 8 commercial dairy herds. The number of calves per sire ranged from 5 to 44. Data were statistically analyzed using mixed models. Approximate genetic correlations of the derived sire EBVs for cow colostrum and calf serum total protein with EBVs for several other traits were estimated. Moreover, sires were classified into colostrum and calf serum total protein profile groups. Approximate genetic correlations of cow colostrum and calf serum traits with milk production, conformation, and functional traits were mostly unfavorable. Colostrum TS and protein contents were negatively correlated with milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, productive life, and livability. The only favorable correlation found was between colostrum TS/calf serum total protein and daughter pregnancy rate. However, several bulls had favorable profiles in both colostrum/passive transfer of immunity and production traits. Colostrum/passive immunity traits could be included in future genetic improvement programs after careful structure of relevant indexes.
{"title":"Estimated breeding values of dairy sires for cow colostrum and transfer of passive immunity traits","authors":"A. Soufleri , G. Banos , N. Panousis , V. Tsiamadis , A. Kougioumtzis , G. Arsenos , G.E. Valergakis","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0575","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to derive the estimated breeding values (EBVs) of Holstein sires for colostrum and passive transfer of immunity traits to (1) estimate the genetic association between these new traits and established production, conformation, and function, and (2) explore whether sires can be classified in specific profiles regarding the new traits. For cow colostrum traits, the study included 699 daughters of 67 sires from 6 commercial dairy herds. The number of daughters per sire ranged from 5 to 49. Passive transfer of immunity was measured as the blood serum total protein content in 854 purebred Holstein calves of 61 sires from 8 commercial dairy herds. The number of calves per sire ranged from 5 to 44. Data were statistically analyzed using mixed models. Approximate genetic correlations of the derived sire EBVs for cow colostrum and calf serum total protein with EBVs for several other traits were estimated. Moreover, sires were classified into colostrum and calf serum total protein profile groups. Approximate genetic correlations of cow colostrum and calf serum traits with milk production, conformation, and functional traits were mostly unfavorable. Colostrum TS and protein contents were negatively correlated with milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, productive life, and livability. The only favorable correlation found was between colostrum TS/calf serum total protein and daughter pregnancy rate. However, several bulls had favorable profiles in both colostrum/passive transfer of immunity and production traits. Colostrum/passive immunity traits could be included in future genetic improvement programs after careful structure of relevant indexes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 74-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Lahart , L. Shalloo , C. Dwan , N. Walker , H. Costigan
Although 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP; Bovaer10) has been proven to reduce enteric methane (CH4) by ∼30% in indoor systems of dairying when the additive is mixed throughout TMR and partial mixed ration (PMR) diets, there has been limited research to date on the CH4 abatement potential of 3-NOP when mixed within a diet based on perennial ryegrass silage only and fed to pregnant nonlactating dairy cows. To investigate the effect of 3-NOP supplementation on enteric CH4 emissions of pregnant nonlactating dairy cows, a 6-wk study was undertaken in which treatment cows were supplemented with 3-NOP mixed within grass silage, whereas control cows were offered grass silage without additive supplementation. Enteric CH4, hydrogen (H2), and carbon dioxide (CO2) were measured using a GreenFeed machine. Body weight, BCS, DMI, and calf birth weight were monitored to determine the effect of 3-NOP supplementation on productivity. The measured dietary concentration of 3-NOP was 63 (range 53.2–77.1) mg/kg DM. Cows supplemented with 3-NOP produced 22% less enteric CH4 per day and CH4 per kilogram of DMI, respectively, than cows offered the control diet. Cows supplemented with 3-NOP also produced 4.4-fold more H2 and H2 per kilogram of DMI, respectively, relative to the control. The 3-NOP supplementation had no impact on DMI, BW, BCS, or calf birth weight. Supplementing pregnant nonlactating dairy cows with 3-NOP during the winter housing period effectively reduced enteric CH4 emissions without detriment to productivity.
{"title":"Evaluating the impact of 3-nitrooxypropanol supplementation on enteric methane emissions in pregnant nonlactating dairy cows offered grass silage","authors":"B. Lahart , L. Shalloo , C. Dwan , N. Walker , H. Costigan","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0591","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP; Bovaer10) has been proven to reduce enteric methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) by ∼30% in indoor systems of dairying when the additive is mixed throughout TMR and partial mixed ration (PMR) diets, there has been limited research to date on the CH<sub>4</sub> abatement potential of 3-NOP when mixed within a diet based on perennial ryegrass silage only and fed to pregnant nonlactating dairy cows. To investigate the effect of 3-NOP supplementation on enteric CH<sub>4</sub> emissions of pregnant nonlactating dairy cows, a 6-wk study was undertaken in which treatment cows were supplemented with 3-NOP mixed within grass silage, whereas control cows were offered grass silage without additive supplementation. Enteric CH<sub>4</sub>, hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>), and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) were measured using a GreenFeed machine. Body weight, BCS, DMI, and calf birth weight were monitored to determine the effect of 3-NOP supplementation on productivity. The measured dietary concentration of 3-NOP was 63 (range 53.2–77.1) mg/kg DM. Cows supplemented with 3-NOP produced 22% less enteric CH<sub>4</sub> per day and CH<sub>4</sub> per kilogram of DMI, respectively, than cows offered the control diet. Cows supplemented with 3-NOP also produced 4.4-fold more H<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> per kilogram of DMI, respectively, relative to the control. The 3-NOP supplementation had no impact on DMI, BW, BCS, or calf birth weight. Supplementing pregnant nonlactating dairy cows with 3-NOP during the winter housing period effectively reduced enteric CH<sub>4</sub> emissions without detriment to productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 44-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marek Gaworski , Kathryn McLellan , Marina A.G. von Keyserlingk , Daniel M. Weary
Dairy heifers are often kept on open packs early in life and later transitioned to freestalls. The neck rail in freestalls acts as a barrier intended to prevent animals from entering too far in the stall, with the aim of improving stall cleanliness. Unfortunately, this barrier can hinder stall use and may be a hazard to animals due to physical contact, perhaps especially when animals first learn to use the stall. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 2 different neck-rail positions on frequency of stall use (for lying and standing) and misuse (standing or lying backward in the stall and lying down outside of the stall) by dairy heifers when first introduced to freestall housing. A secondary aim was to measure, via the use of an instrumented neck rail, the maximum force (N) with which heifers contacted this part of the stall. Holstein heifers (n = 8 per treatment) were randomly assigned to one of 2 neck-rail positions: 110 and 130 cm (as measured diagonally from the inside of the rear curb to the bottom of the instrumented neck rail, 0.7 m above the bedded stall surface). Animals were tested individually and responses were measured for 6 h following introduction to the freestalls. On average (median, minimum, maximum), heifers lay down 3.5 (0, 6) times in the freestall when the neck rail was positioned at 130 cm versus 0 (0, 4) times at 110 cm. Heifers also were more likely to stand fully in the stall when the neck rail was positioned at 130 cm versus 110 cm (3.5, 0, 9 vs. 1, 0, 3), and were also more likely to stand backward in the stall (3, 0, 5 vs. 0, 0, 1). In contrast, heifers tested at the 130 cm position were rarely observed lying down outside of the stall (1, 0, 4), whereas this behavior was more common at the 110 cm treatment (4, 0, 7). Contrary to our expectation, the force with which heifers contacted the neck rail was higher in the 130 cm versus 110 cm treatment (337, 6, 548 vs. 78, 26, 403 N). We conclude that neck-rail position acts as a barrier for naïve heifers, such that a more restrictive position reduces the likelihood that heifers use the stall correctly.
{"title":"How dairy heifers initially respond to freestalls: The effect of neck-rail placement","authors":"Marek Gaworski , Kathryn McLellan , Marina A.G. von Keyserlingk , Daniel M. Weary","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0601","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dairy heifers are often kept on open packs early in life and later transitioned to freestalls. The neck rail in freestalls acts as a barrier intended to prevent animals from entering too far in the stall, with the aim of improving stall cleanliness. Unfortunately, this barrier can hinder stall use and may be a hazard to animals due to physical contact, perhaps especially when animals first learn to use the stall. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 2 different neck-rail positions on frequency of stall use (for lying and standing) and misuse (standing or lying backward in the stall and lying down outside of the stall) by dairy heifers when first introduced to freestall housing. A secondary aim was to measure, via the use of an instrumented neck rail, the maximum force (N) with which heifers contacted this part of the stall. Holstein heifers (n = 8 per treatment) were randomly assigned to one of 2 neck-rail positions: 110 and 130 cm (as measured diagonally from the inside of the rear curb to the bottom of the instrumented neck rail, 0.7 m above the bedded stall surface). Animals were tested individually and responses were measured for 6 h following introduction to the freestalls. On average (median, minimum, maximum), heifers lay down 3.5 (0, 6) times in the freestall when the neck rail was positioned at 130 cm versus 0 (0, 4) times at 110 cm. Heifers also were more likely to stand fully in the stall when the neck rail was positioned at 130 cm versus 110 cm (3.5, 0, 9 vs. 1, 0, 3), and were also more likely to stand backward in the stall (3, 0, 5 vs. 0, 0, 1). In contrast, heifers tested at the 130 cm position were rarely observed lying down outside of the stall (1, 0, 4), whereas this behavior was more common at the 110 cm treatment (4, 0, 7). Contrary to our expectation, the force with which heifers contacted the neck rail was higher in the 130 cm versus 110 cm treatment (337, 6, 548 vs. 78, 26, 403 N). We conclude that neck-rail position acts as a barrier for naïve heifers, such that a more restrictive position reduces the likelihood that heifers use the stall correctly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 95-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siwar Nahali , Audrey Gilbert , Charlotte Marchand , Marie-Hélène Lessard , Donna Miller , Sébastien Fraud , Steve Labrie , Sylvie L. Turgeon
This work aims to evaluate the potential and limits of adhesiveness measurement using a texturometer to assess the ropiness of acid dairy gels for starter selection. Commercial yogurts of various formulations and textures were used to assess the ability of adhesiveness to detect ropiness and to compare performance of different probes. Chemically acidified gels using different concentrations of glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) were tested to determine the effect of pH on adhesiveness. In addition, acidified (GDL) milk containing 3 exopolysaccharide-producing adjunct strains was produced to evaluate the detection of ropy strains using adhesiveness, compared with an inoculation loop stretching test. The adhesiveness of commercial yogurts was mainly affected by its formulation. Visually ropier commercial yogurts with high protein and fat contents presented higher adhesiveness. Globally, adhesiveness analysis was not affected by probe material, but larger probes resulted in higher adhesiveness values. The addition of adjuncts increased the adhesiveness of GDL gels compared with the controls. Results between inoculation loop stretching test and adhesiveness were similar, except for Lactobacillus delbrueckii lactis LMA-1511, which exhibited high adhesiveness but no threading with the loop stretching test. When varying GDL concentration, adhesiveness increased with decreasing pH until pH 4.45, and remained stable until pH 4.18. In the pH zone from 4.18 to 4.45, differences in adhesiveness could indicate the presence of a ropy strain. This method is promising for industries as a quality control or screening method for starter cultures due to its simplicity and the availability of texturometers.
{"title":"A methodological approach to assess the ropy character of stirred acid dairy gels based on the measure of adhesiveness","authors":"Siwar Nahali , Audrey Gilbert , Charlotte Marchand , Marie-Hélène Lessard , Donna Miller , Sébastien Fraud , Steve Labrie , Sylvie L. Turgeon","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0595","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work aims to evaluate the potential and limits of adhesiveness measurement using a texturometer to assess the ropiness of acid dairy gels for starter selection. Commercial yogurts of various formulations and textures were used to assess the ability of adhesiveness to detect ropiness and to compare performance of different probes. Chemically acidified gels using different concentrations of glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) were tested to determine the effect of pH on adhesiveness. In addition, acidified (GDL) milk containing 3 exopolysaccharide-producing adjunct strains was produced to evaluate the detection of ropy strains using adhesiveness, compared with an inoculation loop stretching test. The adhesiveness of commercial yogurts was mainly affected by its formulation. Visually ropier commercial yogurts with high protein and fat contents presented higher adhesiveness. Globally, adhesiveness analysis was not affected by probe material, but larger probes resulted in higher adhesiveness values. The addition of adjuncts increased the adhesiveness of GDL gels compared with the controls. Results between inoculation loop stretching test and adhesiveness were similar, except for <em>Lactobacillus delbrueckii lactis</em> LMA-1511, which exhibited high adhesiveness but no threading with the loop stretching test. When varying GDL concentration, adhesiveness increased with decreasing pH until pH 4.45, and remained stable until pH 4.18. In the pH zone from 4.18 to 4.45, differences in adhesiveness could indicate the presence of a ropy strain. This method is promising for industries as a quality control or screening method for starter cultures due to its simplicity and the availability of texturometers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 29-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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