A.S. Vermeersch , F. Van Nieuwerburgh , Y. Gansemans , M. Ali , R. Ducatelle , P. Geldhof , D. Deforce , J. Callens , G. Opsomer
Udder cleft dermatitis is a skin disease in dairy cattle that is characterized by painful, large open wounds between the udder halves or at the front udder attachment. Its impact on animal welfare and production warrants an in-depth investigation of its pathogenesis. The present study delves into the pathophysiology of severe udder cleft dermatitis, employing a multi-omics approach by integrating transcriptomic and metagenomic data obtained from samples of severe udder cleft dermatitis lesions and healthy udder skin of dairy cattle. All dominant features selected from the virulence factor, taxonomic, and transcriptomic datasets, except for the facultative pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes, form a network that could be associated with the healthy udder skin. The severe udder cleft dermatitis–associated Streptococcus pyogenes exhibited a negative correlation with these virulence factors and genes, but was not correlated with the other commensal bacteria in the analysis. Examining the different components interacting with each other could advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of severe udder cleft dermatitis.
{"title":"Multi-omics analysis elucidates the host-microbiome interplay in severe udder cleft dermatitis lesions in dairy cows","authors":"A.S. Vermeersch , F. Van Nieuwerburgh , Y. Gansemans , M. Ali , R. Ducatelle , P. Geldhof , D. Deforce , J. Callens , G. Opsomer","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0537","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Udder cleft dermatitis is a skin disease in dairy cattle that is characterized by painful, large open wounds between the udder halves or at the front udder attachment. Its impact on animal welfare and production warrants an in-depth investigation of its pathogenesis. The present study delves into the pathophysiology of severe udder cleft dermatitis, employing a multi-omics approach by integrating transcriptomic and metagenomic data obtained from samples of severe udder cleft dermatitis lesions and healthy udder skin of dairy cattle. All dominant features selected from the virulence factor, taxonomic, and transcriptomic datasets, except for the facultative pathogen <em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em>, form a network that could be associated with the healthy udder skin. The severe udder cleft dermatitis–associated <em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em> exhibited a negative correlation with these virulence factors and genes, but was not correlated with the other commensal bacteria in the analysis. Examining the different components interacting with each other could advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of severe udder cleft dermatitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 598-601"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140402166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolina Chaves , Melissa Montenegro , Hyrina Piedra , Marta Pérez-Villanueva , César Rodríguez
This study reports the finding of 3 ST8-t008-SCCmec IVa (2B) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains in fresh cheese purchased within a single market in Costa Rica. In line with the finding of the resistance genes mecA, blaZ, mph(C), and msr(A) in their genomes, these bacteria showed phenotypic resistance to multiple β-lactams and erythromycin. In addition, they carry genes for acquired resistance to aminoglycosides (aph(3′)-III) and fosfomycin (fosD), and genes for a myriad of virulence factors, including adhesins, hemolysins, and exotoxins. Our strains share multiple genomic features with MRSA from the USA300 lineage, which is a widely distributed and highly virulent strain implicated in community infections. As a result, consuming these or similar products could lead to multidrug infections in susceptible individuals. These results highlight safety deficiencies in cheese production practices and emphasize the risk of foodborne transmission of hard-to-treat ST8 MRSA strains.
{"title":"ST8-t008-SCCmec IV methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in retail fresh cheese","authors":"Carolina Chaves , Melissa Montenegro , Hyrina Piedra , Marta Pérez-Villanueva , César Rodríguez","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0521","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the finding of 3 ST8-t008-SCC<em><sub>mec</sub></em> IVa (2B) methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) strains in fresh cheese purchased within a single market in Costa Rica. In line with the finding of the resistance genes <em>mecA</em>, <em>blaZ</em>, <em>mph</em>(C), and <em>msr</em>(A) in their genomes, these bacteria showed phenotypic resistance to multiple β-lactams and erythromycin. In addition, they carry genes for acquired resistance to aminoglycosides (<em>aph(3′)-III</em>) and fosfomycin (<em>fosD</em>), and genes for a myriad of virulence factors, including adhesins, hemolysins, and exotoxins. Our strains share multiple genomic features with MRSA from the USA300 lineage, which is a widely distributed and highly virulent strain implicated in community infections. As a result, consuming these or similar products could lead to multidrug infections in susceptible individuals. These results highlight safety deficiencies in cheese production practices and emphasize the risk of foodborne transmission of hard-to-treat ST8 MRSA strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 531-534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140762646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O.K. Spaans , J.R. Roche , C.R. Burke , C.V.C. Phyn , S. McDougall , C.B. Reed , B. Kuhn-Sherlock , A. Hickey , A. Heiser , M.A. Crookenden
A delayed recovery of the reproductive tract from natural inflammatory processes associated with postpartum involution will compromise further reproductive function. Following a literature review, we selected serum amyloid A (SAA) and α1-acid glycoprotein (α1-AGP) to assess as potential circulating markers of acute uterine inflammation, as concentrations of these 2 acute phase proteins were reported to be elevated early postpartum in dairy cows with active uterine infection. Convenience serum samples from an induced model of uterine infection were used to measure concentrations of these markers. Infection was induced by infusing either 107 or 109 cfu of Trueperella pyogenes (n = 9 cows each; bacteria group n = 18) or saline as a control (n = 18) into the uterus at 48 d postpartum. Although infection stimulated an increase in uterine polymorphonuclear neutrophils, SAA and α1-AGP concentrations in serum were not different between infusion groups. Cows were subsequently classified into uterine health groups based on the presence of endometritis, with or without the presence of T. pyogenes in uterine culture in response to uterine infusion. Mean SAA concentrations were greater in cows that were either endometritis negative–infection positive (n = 9), endometritis positive–infection negative (n = 5), or endometritis positive–infection positive, compared with the endometritis negative–infection negative (n = 11) cows. There was no difference between uterine health groups for α1-AGP concentrations.
生殖道从与产后内陷相关的自然炎症过程中恢复的延迟将损害进一步的生殖功能。根据文献综述，我们选择了血清淀粉样蛋白 A（SAA）和α1-酸性糖蛋白（α1-AGP）作为急性子宫炎症的潜在循环标记物进行评估，因为有报道称这两种急性期蛋白的浓度在患有活动性子宫感染的奶牛产后早期会升高。我们从子宫感染诱导模型中采集了血清样本，用于测量这些标记物的浓度。在产后 48 天，通过向子宫注入 107 或 109 cfu 的化脓性真菌（每头奶牛 n = 9；细菌组 n = 18）或生理盐水作为对照（n = 18）来诱导感染。虽然感染刺激了子宫多形核中性粒细胞的增加，但不同输注组血清中的 SAA 和 α1-AGP 浓度并无差异。随后，根据子宫内膜炎的存在情况，将奶牛分为子宫健康组和子宫输液组。与子宫内膜炎阴性-感染阳性（9 头）、子宫内膜炎阳性-感染阴性（5 头）或子宫内膜炎阳性-感染阳性的奶牛相比，子宫内膜炎阴性-感染阴性（11 头）的奶牛的平均 SAA 浓度更高。α1-AGP浓度在子宫健康组之间没有差异。
{"title":"Specificity of 2 peripartum blood markers for early-lactation acute uterine inflammation in pasture-fed, seasonal-calving dairy cows","authors":"O.K. Spaans , J.R. Roche , C.R. Burke , C.V.C. Phyn , S. McDougall , C.B. Reed , B. Kuhn-Sherlock , A. Hickey , A. Heiser , M.A. Crookenden","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0509","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A delayed recovery of the reproductive tract from natural inflammatory processes associated with postpartum involution will compromise further reproductive function. Following a literature review, we selected serum amyloid A (SAA) and α1-acid glycoprotein (α1-AGP) to assess as potential circulating markers of acute uterine inflammation, as concentrations of these 2 acute phase proteins were reported to be elevated early postpartum in dairy cows with active uterine infection. Convenience serum samples from an induced model of uterine infection were used to measure concentrations of these markers. Infection was induced by infusing either 10<sup>7</sup> or 10<sup>9</sup> cfu of <em>Trueperella pyogenes</em> (n = 9 cows each; bacteria group n = 18) or saline as a control (n = 18) into the uterus at 48 d postpartum. Although infection stimulated an increase in uterine polymorphonuclear neutrophils, SAA and α1-AGP concentrations in serum were not different between infusion groups. Cows were subsequently classified into uterine health groups based on the presence of endometritis, with or without the presence of <em>T. pyogenes</em> in uterine culture in response to uterine infusion. Mean SAA concentrations were greater in cows that were either endometritis negative–infection positive (n = 9), endometritis positive–infection negative (n = 5), or endometritis positive–infection positive, compared with the endometritis negative–infection negative (n = 11) cows. There was no difference between uterine health groups for α1-AGP concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 613-617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140765025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mélissa Duplessis , Christiane L. Girard , Doris Pellerin , Liliana Fadul-Pacheco , Roger I. Cue
Daily vitamin B12 (VB12) requirements of humans can naturally be fulfilled by animal product consumption, especially products from ruminants because of bacteria dwelling in their rumen. Indeed, only bacteria can synthesize this vitamin. Milk is hence an excellent source of VB12. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to unravel factors, such as genetic variation, diet and cow characteristics, and milk production, explaining the large variation in milk VB12 concentration among cows by using an integrative approach. Milk samples from 2 consecutive milkings were collected from 3,533 Canadian Holstein cows (1,239 first, 932 second, and 1,362 third and more lactations) located in 99 herds with various feeding management. For the purpose of genetic variation analysis, pedigrees were traced back for 3 complete generations for each sire and dam. A total of 10,021 identities were used in the subsequent genetic analyses. Milk VB12 averaged 4.2 ng/mL with a range between 0.7 and 9.0 ng/mL. Dietary fiber (NDF from forage, dietary NDF, ADF, and lignin) increased and dietary components related to energy (NFC, starch, NEL, and percentage of concentrate) decreased VB12 in milk. Milk VB12 varied with DIM, with a similar pattern as milk fat and protein concentration lactation curves. Milk VB12 increased as age at calving increased. When disregarding the herd variance, the heritability value was 0.37, meaning that milk VB12 can be modified by genetic selection. The final model including factors related to the diet, animal characteristics and milk productivity, and genetic variation explained 79% (pseudo-R2) of the milk VB12 variation. When excluding the random effect of the cow (i.e., excluding the animal and genetic relationships), the pseudo-R2 dropped to 43%, reinforcing the importance of genetic variation in explaining milk VB12 variation. To our knowledge, the present study is the most comprehensive evaluation of factors affecting milk VB12 variation including the greatest number of cows from various lactation stages.
:人类每天所需的维生素 B 12 (VB 12) 自然可以通过食用动物产品，特别是反刍动物的产品来满足，因为反刍动物的瘤胃中含有细菌。事实上，只有细菌才能合成这种维生素。因此，牛奶是 VB 12 的最佳来源。这项横断面研究采用综合方法，旨在揭示造成奶牛之间牛奶 B 12 浓度差异巨大的各种因素，如遗传变异、饮食和奶牛特征以及牛奶产量。研究人员从 3,533 头加拿大荷斯坦奶牛（1,239 头头等奶牛、932 头中等奶牛、2,533 头中等奶牛）中收集了连续两次挤奶的牛奶样本。
{"title":"A comprehensive integration of factors affecting vitamin B12 concentration in milk of Holstein cows: Genetic variability, milk productivity, animal characteristics, and feeding management","authors":"Mélissa Duplessis , Christiane L. Girard , Doris Pellerin , Liliana Fadul-Pacheco , Roger I. Cue","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0535","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Daily vitamin B<sub>12</sub> (VB<sub>12</sub>) requirements of humans can naturally be fulfilled by animal product consumption, especially products from ruminants because of bacteria dwelling in their rumen. Indeed, only bacteria can synthesize this vitamin. Milk is hence an excellent source of VB<sub>12</sub>. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to unravel factors, such as genetic variation, diet and cow characteristics, and milk production, explaining the large variation in milk VB<sub>12</sub> concentration among cows by using an integrative approach. Milk samples from 2 consecutive milkings were collected from 3,533 Canadian Holstein cows (1,239 first, 932 second, and 1,362 third and more lactations) located in 99 herds with various feeding management. For the purpose of genetic variation analysis, pedigrees were traced back for 3 complete generations for each sire and dam. A total of 10,021 identities were used in the subsequent genetic analyses. Milk VB<sub>12</sub> averaged 4.2 ng/mL with a range between 0.7 and 9.0 ng/mL. Dietary fiber (NDF from forage, dietary NDF, ADF, and lignin) increased and dietary components related to energy (NFC, starch, NE<sub>L</sub>, and percentage of concentrate) decreased VB<sub>12</sub> in milk. Milk VB<sub>12</sub> varied with DIM, with a similar pattern as milk fat and protein concentration lactation curves. Milk VB<sub>12</sub> increased as age at calving increased. When disregarding the herd variance, the heritability value was 0.37, meaning that milk VB<sub>12</sub> can be modified by genetic selection. The final model including factors related to the diet, animal characteristics and milk productivity, and genetic variation explained 79% (pseudo-R<sup>2</sup>) of the milk VB<sub>12</sub> variation. When excluding the random effect of the cow (i.e., excluding the animal and genetic relationships), the pseudo-R<sup>2</sup> dropped to 43%, reinforcing the importance of genetic variation in explaining milk VB<sub>12</sub> variation. To our knowledge, the present study is the most comprehensive evaluation of factors affecting milk VB<sub>12</sub> variation including the greatest number of cows from various lactation stages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 577-581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141045321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Murayama , N. Kobayashi , N. Nishizawa , M. Oba , T. Sugino
The aim of this study was to evaluate precision of estimating serum IgG concentration from total protein (TP) or gamma-globulin (γGLB) concentration as an alternative approach, and to compare morbidity of preweaning dairy calves differing in serum γGLB concentration. In trial 1, blood was sampled from 129 Holstein calves in the first week after birth, and serum concentrations of TP, γGLB, and IgG were measured. Spearman's correlation coefficient (rs) between serum IgG and TP concentrations was 0.89, and rs between serum IgG and γGLB concentrations was 0.96. Absolute residual (observed − predicted) serum IgG concentrations were smaller when estimated by serum γGLB concentration than by serum TP concentration, and differences in the absolute residuals were smaller for calves fed colostrum replacer (1.68 vs. 4.29 g/L) than those fed whole colostrum (2.41 vs. 3.48 g/L). In trial 2, blood was sampled from 740 Holstein heifer calves during the first week of age, and serum γGLB concentration was measured. The calves were divided into 4 categories based on their serum γGLB concentration; ≥1.0 g/dL (excellent), 0.7 ≤ γGLB <1.0 g/dL (good), 0.4 ≤ γGLB <0.7 g/dL (fair), and <0.4 g/dL (poor). Morbidity for diarrhea and respiratory disease in preweaning dairy calves was determined for the first 28 and 56 d of age, and compared among the 4 categories based on serum γGLB concentration. Calves with serum γGLB concentration higher than 0.7 g/dL (good and excellent) had less diarrhea during the first 28 d of age than those with lower serum γGLB concentration (fair and poor). Calves with serum γGLB concentration higher than 1.0 g/dL (excellent) had less respiratory diseases for the first 56 d of age than those with lower serum γGLB concentration (good, fair, and poor). These results suggest that serum IgG concentration can be estimated more precisely from concentration of γGLB than TP particularly for calves fed colostrum replacer, and that γGLB concentrations in the first week of age are associated with morbidity of calves. Transfer of passive immunity in dairy calves can be assessed effectively by serum γGLB concentration.
{"title":"Evaluation of serum concentrations of total protein and gamma-globulin as an indicator of serum immunoglobulin G concentration in dairy calves","authors":"K. Murayama , N. Kobayashi , N. Nishizawa , M. Oba , T. Sugino","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0469","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to evaluate precision of estimating serum IgG concentration from total protein (TP) or gamma-globulin (γGLB) concentration as an alternative approach, and to compare morbidity of preweaning dairy calves differing in serum γGLB concentration. In trial 1, blood was sampled from 129 Holstein calves in the first week after birth, and serum concentrations of TP, γGLB, and IgG were measured. Spearman's correlation coefficient (r<sub>s</sub>) between serum IgG and TP concentrations was 0.89, and r<sub>s</sub> between serum IgG and γGLB concentrations was 0.96. Absolute residual (observed − predicted) serum IgG concentrations were smaller when estimated by serum γGLB concentration than by serum TP concentration, and differences in the absolute residuals were smaller for calves fed colostrum replacer (1.68 vs. 4.29 g/L) than those fed whole colostrum (2.41 vs. 3.48 g/L). In trial 2, blood was sampled from 740 Holstein heifer calves during the first week of age, and serum γGLB concentration was measured. The calves were divided into 4 categories based on their serum γGLB concentration; ≥1.0 g/dL (excellent), 0.7 ≤ γGLB <1.0 g/dL (good), 0.4 ≤ γGLB <0.7 g/dL (fair), and <0.4 g/dL (poor). Morbidity for diarrhea and respiratory disease in preweaning dairy calves was determined for the first 28 and 56 d of age, and compared among the 4 categories based on serum γGLB concentration. Calves with serum γGLB concentration higher than 0.7 g/dL (good and excellent) had less diarrhea during the first 28 d of age than those with lower serum γGLB concentration (fair and poor). Calves with serum γGLB concentration higher than 1.0 g/dL (excellent) had less respiratory diseases for the first 56 d of age than those with lower serum γGLB concentration (good, fair, and poor). These results suggest that serum IgG concentration can be estimated more precisely from concentration of γGLB than TP particularly for calves fed colostrum replacer, and that γGLB concentrations in the first week of age are associated with morbidity of calves. Transfer of passive immunity in dairy calves can be assessed effectively by serum γGLB concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 618-621"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140793112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigated the effect of bovine milk osteopontin (OPN) on the initial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite pellets were immersed in a 5.4 µM OPN solution at 37°C for 30 min. As a control, Milli-Q water was used. Streptococcus mutans were incubated at 37°C for 2 h on the pellets. Crystal violet staining and the quantitation of DNA were evaluated. Violet staining was observed on the hydroxyapatite pellets in the control group, but faint staining was seen in the OPN group. The amount of DNA attached to the hydroxyapatite pellet was significantly lower in the OPN group. These results suggest that initial adhesion of S. mutans to the hydroxyapatite is inhibited with OPN.
{"title":"Inhibitory effect of bovine milk osteopontin on the initial attachment of Streptococcus mutans","authors":"Hisako Ishizuka , Kazuna Ishihara , Hideo Yonezawa , Kazuyuki Ishihara , Takashi Muramatsu","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0558","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated the effect of bovine milk osteopontin (OPN) on the initial adhesion of <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> to hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite pellets were immersed in a 5.4 µ<em>M</em> OPN solution at 37°C for 30 min. As a control, Milli-Q water was used. <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> were incubated at 37°C for 2 h on the pellets. Crystal violet staining and the quantitation of DNA were evaluated. Violet staining was observed on the hydroxyapatite pellets in the control group, but faint staining was seen in the OPN group. The amount of DNA attached to the hydroxyapatite pellet was significantly lower in the OPN group. These results suggest that initial adhesion of <em>S. mutans</em> to the hydroxyapatite is inhibited with OPN.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 535-538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140797065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sole ulcers negatively affect cow welfare and production economy. Previous cases of sole ulcers increase the risk of new or recurrent cases, and prevention of sole ulcers during the first lactation may therefore have a long-term effect, also in later lactations. Until now, risk factors for sole ulcers in the first lactation, associated with the period before heifers calve for the first time, have not been investigated. This study evaluated early-life cow-level risk factors for sole ulcers at the first hoof trimming in the first lactation. Early-life risk factors were defined as risk factors associated with the period before a cow calves for the first time. A dataset including information about all hoof trimming recordings during the years 2020 to 2022, and information about individual cows, was retrieved from the Danish Cattle Database. The dataset included only primiparous cows, and only cows that were hoof trimmed at least once during the first lactation. Overall, 1.95% of 466,113 cows included in the study had sole ulcers at the first hoof trimming in the first lactation. Results from a logistic regression model demonstrated a statistically significant interaction between breed and age at first calving (grouped based on quartiles within breed). Overall, across breeds, odds ratios of sole ulcers at the first hoof trimming in the first lactation were generally approximately 0.5 in the first quartile of age at first calving, approximately 0.6 in the second quartile, and approximately 0.75 in the third quartile, compared with the fourth quartile within the same breed. Odds of sole ulcers were generally higher in Jersey and Danish Red Dairy cows, compared with Holstein. In conclusion, the odds of sole ulcers in the first lactation increased with increasing age at first calving, and was approximately twice as high in cows calving among the oldest 25% within a breed, compared with cows calving among the youngest 25%. Focus on early-life risk factors for sole ulcers may have a major influence on the occurrence of sole ulcers throughout the life of cows.
{"title":"Early-life cow-level risk factors for sole ulcers in primiparous dairy cows","authors":"Peter T. Thomsen , Hans Houe","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0544","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sole ulcers negatively affect cow welfare and production economy. Previous cases of sole ulcers increase the risk of new or recurrent cases, and prevention of sole ulcers during the first lactation may therefore have a long-term effect, also in later lactations. Until now, risk factors for sole ulcers in the first lactation, associated with the period before heifers calve for the first time, have not been investigated. This study evaluated early-life cow-level risk factors for sole ulcers at the first hoof trimming in the first lactation. Early-life risk factors were defined as risk factors associated with the period before a cow calves for the first time. A dataset including information about all hoof trimming recordings during the years 2020 to 2022, and information about individual cows, was retrieved from the Danish Cattle Database. The dataset included only primiparous cows, and only cows that were hoof trimmed at least once during the first lactation. Overall, 1.95% of 466,113 cows included in the study had sole ulcers at the first hoof trimming in the first lactation. Results from a logistic regression model demonstrated a statistically significant interaction between breed and age at first calving (grouped based on quartiles within breed). Overall, across breeds, odds ratios of sole ulcers at the first hoof trimming in the first lactation were generally approximately 0.5 in the first quartile of age at first calving, approximately 0.6 in the second quartile, and approximately 0.75 in the third quartile, compared with the fourth quartile within the same breed. Odds of sole ulcers were generally higher in Jersey and Danish Red Dairy cows, compared with Holstein. In conclusion, the odds of sole ulcers in the first lactation increased with increasing age at first calving, and was approximately twice as high in cows calving among the oldest 25% within a breed, compared with cows calving among the youngest 25%. Focus on early-life risk factors for sole ulcers may have a major influence on the occurrence of sole ulcers throughout the life of cows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 634-638"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141058330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Binggeli , H. Lapierre , R. Martineau , D.R. Ouellet , E. Charbonneau , D. Pellerin
A recent study assessed the ability of 4 feed evaluation models to predict milk protein yield (MPY) in a commercial context, with data of 541 cows from 23 dairy herds in the province of Québec, Canada. However, the recently published Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM, 2021) was not released at that time. Thus, the current study evaluated NASEM using the same dataset. To be consistent with the previous study, predicted DMI was used. Therefore, MPY was predicted using the 2 estimations of DMI proposed by NASEM: one based on animal characteristics only (DMIAo) and one also including ration characteristics (DMIA&R). For each type of DMI estimates, 2 MPY predictions were made, using (1) the multivariate equation directly published in NASEM and (2) a variable efficiency of utilization of MP predicted using inputs and outputs from NASEM, published a posteriori. With the 2 approaches, multivariate and variable efficiency, the DMIA&R yielded the best MPY predictions. The multivariate equation showed a regression bias between observed and predicted MPY with both DMI estimations. The estimated variable efficiency allowed for MPY predictions without mean and regression biases. With DMIA&R, concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) were 0.72 and 0.78 for MPY predicted using the multivariate and variable efficiency equations, respectively. In comparison, DMIAo CCC were 0.60 and 0.71, respectively. In conclusion, on commercial farms, where dairy rations are usually optimized for a group of cows, estimates of DMI based on animal and rations characteristics yielded the best MPY predictions. The multivariate equation from NASEM predicted MPY with a regression bias, whereas the variable efficiency of utilization of MP based on MP and energy supplies resulted in no bias in MPY predictions.
{"title":"Evaluation of National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM, 2021) feed evaluation model on predictions of milk protein yield on Québec commercial dairy farms","authors":"S. Binggeli , H. Lapierre , R. Martineau , D.R. Ouellet , E. Charbonneau , D. Pellerin","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0549","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A recent study assessed the ability of 4 feed evaluation models to predict milk protein yield (MPY) in a commercial context, with data of 541 cows from 23 dairy herds in the province of Québec, Canada. However, the recently published Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM, 2021) was not released at that time. Thus, the current study evaluated NASEM using the same dataset. To be consistent with the previous study, predicted DMI was used. Therefore, MPY was predicted using the 2 estimations of DMI proposed by NASEM: one based on animal characteristics only (DMI<sub>Ao</sub>) and one also including ration characteristics (DMI<sub>A&R</sub>). For each type of DMI estimates, 2 MPY predictions were made, using (1) the multivariate equation directly published in NASEM and (2) a variable efficiency of utilization of MP predicted using inputs and outputs from NASEM, published a posteriori. With the 2 approaches, multivariate and variable efficiency, the DMI<sub>A&R</sub> yielded the best MPY predictions. The multivariate equation showed a regression bias between observed and predicted MPY with both DMI estimations. The estimated variable efficiency allowed for MPY predictions without mean and regression biases. With DMI<sub>A&R</sub>, concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) were 0.72 and 0.78 for MPY predicted using the multivariate and variable efficiency equations, respectively. In comparison, DMI<sub>Ao</sub> CCC were 0.60 and 0.71, respectively. In conclusion, on commercial farms, where dairy rations are usually optimized for a group of cows, estimates of DMI based on animal and rations characteristics yielded the best MPY predictions. The multivariate equation from NASEM predicted MPY with a regression bias, whereas the variable efficiency of utilization of MP based on MP and energy supplies resulted in no bias in MPY predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 543-547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140796439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nancy L. Whitehouse , Devan L. Chirgwin , Charles G. Schwab , Daniel Luchini , Nelson Lobos , André F. Brito
The calculation of the relative bioavailability (RBV) of rumen-protected AA supplements using the plasma free AA dose-response technique currently relies on blood samples obtained 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after the 0500 h feeding during the last 3 d of each period in Latin square experiments with cows fed every 8 h (0500, 1300, and 2100 h). The objective of this study was to determine if this current blood sampling protocol captures the changes that may occur in plasma Met concentrations within a 24-h day to adequately determine the RBV of Met from Smartamine M (SM). Five multiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design with 7-d periods. Treatments were (1) control (abomasal infusion of tap water), (2) 12 g/d of abomasally infused dl-Met, (3) 24 g/d of abomasally infused dl-Met, (4) 15 g/d of fed Met (20 g/d of SM), and (5) 30 g/d of fed Met (40 g/d of SM). Blood samples were collected via jugular catheters every 2 h after the 0500 h feeding starting on d 5 and ending on d 7 of each period. Plasma Met analysis was conducted using gas chromatography after chloroformate derivatization. Plasma Met concentration was averaged across days for 2–8 h after the 0500 h feeding, 2–8 h after the 1300 h feeding, 2–8 h after the 2100 h feeding, and 2–24 h after the 0500 h feeding. In addition, plasma Met concentration was regressed on 0, 12, and 24 g of infused dl-Met and 0, 15, and 30 g of fed Met. The calculated RBV of Met from SM averaged 83.8%, 83.6%, 87.4%, and 83.0% for the 2–8 h, 10–16 h, 18–24 h, and 2–24 h sampling periods, respectively. The similarity in the estimations of RBV for the 2–8 h and 2–24 h sampling periods indicates that our original blood sampling protocol seems reliable for determining the RBV of ruminally protected Met products.
{"title":"Assessment of blood sampling time points to determine the relative bioavailability of ruminally protected methionine supplements using the plasma free amino acid dose-response technique","authors":"Nancy L. Whitehouse , Devan L. Chirgwin , Charles G. Schwab , Daniel Luchini , Nelson Lobos , André F. Brito","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0508","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The calculation of the relative bioavailability (RBV) of rumen-protected AA supplements using the plasma free AA dose-response technique currently relies on blood samples obtained 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after the 0500 h feeding during the last 3 d of each period in Latin square experiments with cows fed every 8 h (0500, 1300, and 2100 h). The objective of this study was to determine if this current blood sampling protocol captures the changes that may occur in plasma Met concentrations within a 24-h day to adequately determine the RBV of Met from Smartamine M (SM). Five multiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design with 7-d periods. Treatments were (1) control (abomasal infusion of tap water), (2) 12 g/d of abomasally infused <span>dl</span>-Met, (3) 24 g/d of abomasally infused <span>dl</span>-Met, (4) 15 g/d of fed Met (20 g/d of SM), and (5) 30 g/d of fed Met (40 g/d of SM). Blood samples were collected via jugular catheters every 2 h after the 0500 h feeding starting on d 5 and ending on d 7 of each period. Plasma Met analysis was conducted using gas chromatography after chloroformate derivatization. Plasma Met concentration was averaged across days for 2–8 h after the 0500 h feeding, 2–8 h after the 1300 h feeding, 2–8 h after the 2100 h feeding, and 2–24 h after the 0500 h feeding. In addition, plasma Met concentration was regressed on 0, 12, and 24 g of infused <span>dl</span>-Met and 0, 15, and 30 g of fed Met. The calculated RBV of Met from SM averaged 83.8%, 83.6%, 87.4%, and 83.0% for the 2–8 h, 10–16 h, 18–24 h, and 2–24 h sampling periods, respectively. The similarity in the estimations of RBV for the 2–8 h and 2–24 h sampling periods indicates that our original blood sampling protocol seems reliable for determining the RBV of ruminally protected Met products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 539-542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140406137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D.R. Bruno , R.M. Cleale , M.W. Overton , T. Short , J.R. Pedraza , R. Wallace
On 3 large California dairies, 415 lactating cows with nonsevere clinical mastitis (CM) and infected with gram-negative (GN) bacteria were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: nontreated control (CON; 135 cases), 2 d of ceftiofur HCl (SP2; 133 cases), or 5 d of ceftiofur HCl (SP5; 147 cases). Bacteriological cure, clinical cure, mastitis recurrence, culling or death, and overall treatment success differed among treatment groups. Although duration of milk withheld due to mastitis therapy was higher for SP5 (9.4 d), there was no difference between CON (6.9 d) and SP2 (7.1 d). Culling and death rates due to GN CM were the main effects that affected partial cost calculations. Of study cows culled across the 3 herds, a higher proportion of CON cows (25%) were culled compared with SP2 (11%) or SP5 (18%). Mastitis-related expenses were higher ($550) for CON than SP2 ($343) or SP5 ($423). Results of this partial budget evaluation for the 3 California dairies indicated economic justification for treating cases of nonsevere GN CM with ceftiofur HCl for 2 d.
{"title":"Financial implications of treating nonsevere gram-negative clinical mastitis in 3 California dairies","authors":"D.R. Bruno , R.M. Cleale , M.W. Overton , T. Short , J.R. Pedraza , R. Wallace","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0548","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On 3 large California dairies, 415 lactating cows with nonsevere clinical mastitis (CM) and infected with gram-negative (GN) bacteria were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: nontreated control (CON; 135 cases), 2 d of ceftiofur HCl (SP2; 133 cases), or 5 d of ceftiofur HCl (SP5; 147 cases). Bacteriological cure, clinical cure, mastitis recurrence, culling or death, and overall treatment success differed among treatment groups. Although duration of milk withheld due to mastitis therapy was higher for SP5 (9.4 d), there was no difference between CON (6.9 d) and SP2 (7.1 d). Culling and death rates due to GN CM were the main effects that affected partial cost calculations. Of study cows culled across the 3 herds, a higher proportion of CON cows (25%) were culled compared with SP2 (11%) or SP5 (18%). Mastitis-related expenses were higher ($550) for CON than SP2 ($343) or SP5 ($423). Results of this partial budget evaluation for the 3 California dairies indicated economic justification for treating cases of nonsevere GN CM with ceftiofur HCl for 2 d.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 659-663"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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