JDS communications最新文献

{"title":"Genetic analysis of daily milk weights in US Holsteins using pen-based contemporary groups","authors":"Fiona L. Guinan ,&nbsp;Robert H. Fourdraine ,&nbsp;Francisco Peñagaricano ,&nbsp;Kent A. Weigel","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0635","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The availability of daily milk weights and pen location information provides an interesting opportunity to capture additional data and review how contemporary groups are defined for dairy cattle genetic evaluations. In the United States, dairy cows in larger herds are grouped into pens according to various characteristics such as parity, production level, reproductive status, lactation stage, and health status. Our dataset included pen location information for each daily milk weight, so instead of using herd-year-season of calving to form contemporary groups, we used herd-pen-milking date to more precisely model the environmental effects cows experience at the pen level on a given day. Our dataset included 21,000,951 aggregated daily milk records from 114,243 first-parity Holstein cows milked 3 times daily in conventional parlor systems in 157 herds representing 29 US states. Our phenotype of interest was daily milk weight, and alternative repeatability animal models were used to estimate genetic parameters and predict breeding values. Age at first calving (6 levels) and DIM (10 levels) were included as fixed effects and cow (114,243 levels) was included as a random effect. Contemporary group effects included a fixed or random herd-year-season of calving effect (1,492 levels) and a fixed or random herd-pen-milking date effect (285,592 levels). Genetic parameters (kg²; posterior SD) were estimated using GIBBSF90+ software. The additive genetic variance ranged from 10.48 (0.60) to 24.12 (0.66), herd-year-season variance was 10.34 (0.40), herd-pen-milking date variance ranged from 4.91 (0.02) to 4.96 (0.02), permanent environmental variance ranged from 10.65 (0.44) to 16.94 (0.30), and residual variance ranged from 11.81 (0.01) to 14.60 (0.01). Heritability estimates ranged from 0.21 (0.01) to 0.47 (0.01), and repeatability estimates ranged from 0.51 (0.01) to 0.71 (0.01), and mean reliability of sires' breeding value predictions ranged from 0.81 to 0.89. Although caution is needed when disentangling associations between genetic effects, permanent environmental effects, and herd-pen-milking date contemporary groups, our results suggest that using daily milk weights and pen locations may improve the precision of genetic evaluations through increased sire PTA reliabilities for milk production traits in dairy cattle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 237-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of disbudding on behavior and heart rate during jugular venipuncture in dairy calves","authors":"Alycia M. Drwencke ,&nbsp;Haley Garcia ,&nbsp;Sarah J.J. Adcock ,&nbsp;Cassandra B. Tucker","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0655","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disbudding is a common painful procedure that alters physiological and behavioral responses in calves. Other routine management procedures are commonly performed on calves while these disbudding wounds are healing, such as vaccine injections, jugular venipuncture to check for passive immunity, and ear tagging. Although disbudding is known to cause long-lasting pain, the effects of an additional invasive procedure on calf behavior and heart rate when wounds are present are understudied. To evaluate the effects of multiple, consecutive routine management procedures, we tested whether calves were more reactive to handling and a jugular venipuncture that occurred 3 d after caustic paste disbudding compared with those that were not disbudded. We assigned 26 heifers to 2 treatments at 3 d of age: sham handling (n = 13) or caustic paste disbudding (n = 13). Three days after paste was applied, heart rate and 3 behaviors (hindleg lifts, foreleg lifts, struggling) were observed while the calves were restrained and a jugular venipuncture was performed. Disbudded calves performed more hindleg lifts during the venipuncture than non-disbudded calves (mean ± SE: paste = 7.5 ± 1.1; control = 4.1 ± 0.6 lifts/min), although we found no evidence of a significant difference in average heart rate (mean ± SE: paste = 142 ± 4; control = 148 ± 7 beats/min), foreleg lifts (mean ± SE: paste = 3.3 ± 0.4; control = 2.9 ± 0.5 lifts/min), or struggling (mean ± SE: paste = 0.03 ± 0.01; control = 0.03 ± 0.01 proportion of handling time). However, foreleg lifts and struggling were likely hindered by the restraint used. Similarly, heart rate may have reached a ceiling effect associated with the stress of handling. The difference in hindleg lifts provides preliminary evidence that disbudded calves are more responsive to the combination of handling and jugular venipuncture 3 d later than non-disbudded controls.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 245-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fat composition in milk replacers modulates plasma cholesterol of dairy calves","authors":"G.B.C. Leite ,&nbsp;J.N. Wilms ,&nbsp;I.R.R. Castro ,&nbsp;M.I. Marcondes ,&nbsp;L.N. Leal","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0628","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effect of feeding milk replacers (MR) differing in fat composition on plasma cholesterol of dairy calves. Forty-five individually housed male Holstein calves (2.3 ± 0.82 d; mean ± SD) were blocked by arrival day and age. Within each block, calves were randomly assigned to (1) an MR containing a fat blend with 65% rapeseed and 35% coconut fats (RC), (2) an MR containing 65% palm and 35% coconut fats (PC), and (3) an MR containing 65% lard and 35% dairy cream (LD). All MR were isoenergetic with 30% fat, 25% protein, and 36% lactose (DM). Calves were fed 6.0 L/d from d 1 to 5, 7.0 L/d from d 6 to 9, and 8.0 L/d from d 10 to 35 at 13.5% solids. Water and chopped wheat straw were available ad libitum from arrival onward. Milk, water, and straw intakes were recorded daily. Blood was sampled and BW was measured weekly at 1300 h. Fecal scores were recorded daily after the morning meal. Growth and intakes did not differ among treatments. Plasma total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were higher in calves fed RC than PC and LD, and higher in calves fed PC than LD. Additionally, plasma triglyceride was greater in calves fed PC than LD at wk 2 after arrival, while calves fed RC did not differ from other groups. The proportion of abnormal fecal scores was lower in calves fed RC than PC and LD in wk 2. The fat composition in MR significantly influenced lipid metabolism in calves but had no impact on growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 192-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between gastrointestinal morphological changes, enteric microbiota, and changes in live weight in dairy calves","authors":"John Alawneh ,&nbsp;Timothy Olchowy ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan ,&nbsp;Rachel Allavena ,&nbsp;Martin Soust ,&nbsp;Rafat Al Jassim","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0620","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to quantify the association between fecal microbiota biomarkers, gastrointestinal tract morphology, and ADG of dairy calves from birth until weaning in response to feeding a direct-fed microbial (DFM) supplement as part of their milk diet. We randomly assigned 44 newborn Holstein-Friesian calves to treatment (TRT) and control (CON) groups. The TRT group calves received a once-daily dose of <em>Lacticaseibacillus</em>- and <em>Lentilactobacillus</em>-based DFM liquid formulation. Four genera, <em>Prevotella</em>7, <em>Succiniclasticum, Terrisporobacter</em>, and <em>Carnobacterium</em>, were enriched and identified as biomarkers of low ADG. A total of 14 bacterial taxa were associated with measured gastrointestinal histopathology variables in TRT and CON groups. Although this study lists several bacterial taxa that have known roles in fermentation and nutrient metabolism vital for rumen function, their specific contributions to gastrointestinal development and weight gain remain to be fully understood. Our findings support a strategic approach to probiotic use in heifers to boost health and productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 197-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between body temperature and feed efficiency traits in lactating Holstein cows","authors":"Ligia Cavani ,&nbsp;Larissa C. Novo ,&nbsp;Faith S. Reyes ,&nbsp;Bárbara M. Nascimento ,&nbsp;Michael J. VandeHaar ,&nbsp;Robert J. Tempelman ,&nbsp;Kristen L. Parker Gaddis ,&nbsp;Ransom L. Baldwin ,&nbsp;José E.P. Santos ,&nbsp;James E. Koltes ,&nbsp;Heather M. White ,&nbsp;Kent A. Weigel ,&nbsp;Francisco Peñagaricano","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0701","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Differences in feed efficiency among dairy cows could be partially explained by changes in body temperature due to the heat increment. This heat represents chemical energy lost, and theoretically, it should be lower in more efficient cows. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between 3 body temperature traits, namely average body temperature, consistency of body temperature, and change in body temperature after the largest meal of the day, with 4 feed efficiency traits: DMI, milk energy, metabolic BW, and residual feed intake (RFI) in lactating Holstein cows. Data were collected from 1,068 mid-lactation Holstein cows enrolled in 36 feed efficiency trials from 2020 to 2023 at 5 research stations across the United States. Temperature records were obtained using an automatic temperature logger placed vaginally for 2 wk. Average body temperature was calculated as the individual mean, daily and over the 2-wk period, and consistency of body temperature was calculated as the log-transformed variance of the deviations of individual records from the cow's mean. Change in body temperature was calculated for a subset of cows that used the roughage intake control system (n = 278) and was defined as the difference in temperature after and before the largest meal of the day. Data for DMI, milk energy, metabolic BW, and RFI were collected from the same cows for 6 to 7 wk during the feeding trials. The associations between body temperature traits and feed efficiency traits were assessed using univariate linear regression models including cohort (trial-treatment), temperature-humidity index (THI), and the interaction between THI and research station as independent variables. Partial correlations between body temperature and feed efficiency traits controlling for cohort were calculated. Additionally, the importance of body temperature traits on RFI calculation was also evaluated. Increased body temperature was associated with cow that ate less and were lighter. Consistency of body temperature was negatively associated with DMI and milk energy, showing that greater variance in body temperature is linked to higher DMI and more milk energy. Smaller changes in body temperature after the largest meal were associated with lower DMI and milk energy. Adding body temperature traits to the RFI model did not change the coefficient of determination (adjusted R²), which remained ∼0.86. We found that cows that eat less have higher body temperatures, with less fluctuation throughout the day, compared with cows that consume more feed and produce more milk. Overall, our results suggest that vaginal temperature did not capture the heat increment expected in high RFI cows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 256-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-line milk progesterone monitoring as a tool for precision reproductive management","authors":"Tony C. Bruinjé ,&nbsp;Divakar J. Ambrose ,&nbsp;Stephen J. LeBlanc","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0649","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In-line milk progesterone (IMP4) monitoring (Herd Navigator, DeLaval) is a technology that automatically detects onset of cyclicity, estrus, and pregnancy. Sampling starts at 20 DIM and occurs on average every 2 d until pregnancy. Estrus is detected based on a decline in progesterone (P4) concentrations below a threshold, and pregnancy is assessed from 30 to 55 d after AI in cows without return to estrus. Here, we review the potential of IMP4 as a tool for reproductive management. In a series of observational studies with up to 158,961 IMP4 records from 4,353 AI events, we characterized predictors of pregnancy per AI (P/AI) and investigated IMP4 profiles in cows returning to estrus. Some of the predictors included prolonged luteal phase before AI and suboptimal P4 levels at different time points before and after AI. Over one-third of cows had at least one characteristic of P4 profile unfavorable to P/AI, but with low predictive abilities. Among nonpregnant cows, 5% returned to estrus by 17 d after AI, 64% between 18 and 24 d, 16% between 25 and 30 d, and 15% between 31 and 55 d. This represents 85% of cows that are not pregnant 55 d after AI returning to estrus before 30 d, when first pregnancy diagnosis occurs in many dairies. Monitoring IMP4 might be used to identify subgroups of cows with different predicted P/AI to develop selective breeding strategies or targeted interventions. It can also aid in identifying nonpregnant cows early for timely reinsemination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 267-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variance reduction and measurement errors in estimating lactation milk yields using best prediction: An analytical review","authors":"Xiao-Lin Wu ,&nbsp;Paul M. VanRaden ,&nbsp;John Cole ,&nbsp;H. Duane Norman","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0622","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Best prediction (BP) has been used in the United States to estimate unobserved daily and lactation yields from known test-day yields since 1999. This method has proven more accurate than its predecessors. However, it has 2 remarkable challenges in practice. First, BP reduces the variance of estimated yields compared with actual yields. Reduced phenotypic variance represents a concern because it can significantly underestimate genetic variations in genetic evaluations. Second, measurement errors occur in the projected lactation yields from incomplete or inaccurate test-day records. These errors can adversely affect the accuracy of lactation yield estimations and the subsequent genetic evaluations. This article provides an analytical review of BP, focusing on variance reduction and measurement errors. We demonstrate how variance reduction and measurement errors can be intrinsic to the method. Illustrative examples are presented, highlighting the practical challenges and possible solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 231-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol supplementation on milk fatty acid profiles in 3 different dairy breeds","authors":"Gayani M.S. Lokuge ,&nbsp;Nicolaj I. Nielsen ,&nbsp;Morten Maigaard ,&nbsp;Peter Lund ,&nbsp;Lotte Bach Larsen ,&nbsp;Lars Wiking ,&nbsp;Nina Aagaard Poulsen","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0656","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3-Nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) is a promising and approved antimethanogenic feed additive in dairy farming. The objective of this study was to evaluate breed-specific variation in milk fatty acids (FA) following 3-NOP supplementation. Milk FA composition was analyzed from 3 studies using Danish Holstein (DH), Danish Jersey (DJ), and Danish Red (DR) dairy cows respectively, fed control or 3-NOP supplemented diets. The 3-NOP was supplemented at a dose of 60 mg/kg feed DM. Bulk milk samples were analyzed for milk FA by GC flame ionization detection. The 3-NOP supplemented diets increased the proportion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and decreased the proportion of C16:0 in the milk of DH cows. A similar tendency in milk FA composition induced by 3-NOP was observed in DJ cows; however, the extent of these changes was less pronounced, and no changes were observed in milk FA from DR cows. Indirect comparison among the breeds showed a higher proportion of SCFA in milk from DJ cows, a higher proportion of medium-chain FA in DR cows and a higher proportion of long-chain FA in DH cows. The effect of 3-NOP on milk FA composition appears to vary between breeds; however, this variation may also be influenced by differences in feeding regimens between breeds, making further studies worthwhile to better understand these interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 261-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating rumination and eating time as proxies for identifying dairy cows with low methane-emitting potential","authors":"A. Castaneda ,&nbsp;N. Indugu ,&nbsp;K. Lenker ,&nbsp;K. Narayan ,&nbsp;S. Rassler ,&nbsp;J. Bender ,&nbsp;L. Baker ,&nbsp;O. Purandare ,&nbsp;D. Chai ,&nbsp;T. Webb ,&nbsp;X. Zhao ,&nbsp;D. Pitta","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0611","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying cows with low CH₄-emitting potential can greatly contribute to CH₄ abatement in dairy herds. However, this process has been cumbersome and labor-intensive. Ear tags and collar-based accelerometers measure rumination and chewing behaviors, potentially identifying novel phenotypes in cows. This study aimed to determine whether rumination and eating time are linked to enteric CH₄ emissions and serve as proxies to identify CH₄ yield phenotype in lactating dairy cows. We applied the dynamic time warping model to rumination and eating time datasets to classify cows differing in these phenotypes. We calculated the distances between cows differing in rumination and eating times and depicted them in a principal component analysis plot. From 49 cows in early to mid lactation, 10 low-rumination, and 10 high-rumination cows were selected to test the relationship between rumination and eating time with CH₄ yield phenotype over 7 wk. Enteric CH₄ emissions were measured using the GreenFeed System. The dynamic time warping model identified cows with distinct rumination and eating patterns. High-rumination cows had higher DMI and milk yield, and lower enteric CH₄ emissions than low-rumination cows. High-rumination cows also had lower CH₄ intensity and higher production efficiency than low-rumination cows. Overall, rumination and eating time can be suitable proxies for identifying CH₄ yield phenotype in dairy cows. Further studies, including larger dairy herds, different dietary regimens, and stages of lactation in dairy cattle and other ruminant species to validate rumination and eating time as proxies for identifying CH₄ yield phenotype, are required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 186-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JDS Communications® 2024 Editorial Report","authors":"Jessica A.A. McArt (Editor in Chief)","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2025-0757","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2025-0757","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 184-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}