Aim: To evaluate the impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) on posturographic parameters. Objective: The primary objective was to evaluate whether the mean gain of the Visually Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex VVOR), the parameter most likely to be modified in case of central damage, decreased in patients diagnosed with OSAHS. The secondary objective was to verify if the other parameters of videonystagmography and posturography varied according to the presence or not of OSAHS. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of posturographic parameters of patients previously tested by polygraphy (whether or not they had OSAHS). Results: In the 66 patients included, the mean VVOR gains did not differ significantly between the "no OSAHS" vs. "OSAHS" groups (respectively 0.88 vs. 0.71, p = 0.1224). None of the other parameters measured, such as the mean caloric deficits, the mean weights of vestibular, visual and somesthetic afferents measured by posturography, the mean gains of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, and the frequency of falls on the posturograph, had a statistically different distribution according to the presence or absence of OSAHS. Conclusion: We did not show any significant difference in posturographic parameters according to the presence or absence of OSAHS, in particular the absence of vestibular and/or central involvement.
{"title":"Study of the Effects of Sleep Apnea Syndrome on the Paraclinical Parameters of Balance Exploration","authors":"David Cabello Garrido, G. Buiret","doi":"10.37871/jbres1331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1331","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) on posturographic parameters. Objective: The primary objective was to evaluate whether the mean gain of the Visually Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex VVOR), the parameter most likely to be modified in case of central damage, decreased in patients diagnosed with OSAHS. The secondary objective was to verify if the other parameters of videonystagmography and posturography varied according to the presence or not of OSAHS. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of posturographic parameters of patients previously tested by polygraphy (whether or not they had OSAHS). Results: In the 66 patients included, the mean VVOR gains did not differ significantly between the \"no OSAHS\" vs. \"OSAHS\" groups (respectively 0.88 vs. 0.71, p = 0.1224). None of the other parameters measured, such as the mean caloric deficits, the mean weights of vestibular, visual and somesthetic afferents measured by posturography, the mean gains of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, and the frequency of falls on the posturograph, had a statistically different distribution according to the presence or absence of OSAHS. Conclusion: We did not show any significant difference in posturographic parameters according to the presence or absence of OSAHS, in particular the absence of vestibular and/or central involvement.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89982933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao Hong, M. Mohammed, Mideksa Adugna Koricho, Gobena Godena
Objectives: The study was premised on the notion that insecticide-treated mosquito nets are positively related to malaria prevalence, and that knowledge mediates the relationship between insecticide-treated mosquito nets and malaria. Furthermore, household income was hypothesized to have a moderating effect on the direct and indirect relationships (through malaria knowledge) between insecticide-treated mosquito nets and the prevalence of malaria. Methods: The hypothesized relationships were examined using panel data collected from ten regions of Ethiopia during 2011-2015. Structural equation modeling and the random effect model were used to test the hypotheses. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 13.0. Results: The results were consistent with our proposed hypotheses, showing a significant relationship between the research variables. The findings suggest that malaria knowledge contributes to improving the relationship between insecticide-treated mosquito nets and malaria prevalence. A positively significant indirect effect (β = 0.47, p = 0.003) as well as direct effect (β = 0.28, p = 0.001) was revealed in the study. Furthermore, a positive impact of household income in strengthening the relationship between insecticide-treated mosquito nets and malaria through knowledge was reported, with a considerable value (β = 0.13, p = 0.000). The result also reveals differences in the outcome of malaria prevalence at different levels of household income category, where the indirect effect of insecticide-treated mosquito nets on malaria prevalence via malaria knowledge was positive and significant for households under the second-level income category (β = 0.15, p = 0.000). Conversely, the indirect effect of insecticide-treated mosquito nets on malaria prevalence via malaria knowledge was negative for the high level-income category (β = -0.14, p = 0.022). Besides, insignificant and negative relationships were reported for households under low-level income categories (β = 0.024, p = 0.539). Conclusion: The findings are potentially useful for the health sector to ensure success in infectious disease prevention and control, particularly malaria, and to explain how various factors contribute to the relationship.
目的:本研究的前提是驱虫蚊帐与疟疾流行呈正相关，知识在驱虫蚊帐与疟疾之间的关系中起中介作用。此外，假设家庭收入对驱虫蚊帐与疟疾流行之间的直接和间接关系(通过疟疾知识)具有调节作用。方法:使用2011-2015年间从埃塞俄比亚10个地区收集的面板数据对假设关系进行检验。采用结构方程模型和随机效应模型对假设进行检验。使用Stata version 13.0进行统计分析。结果:结果与我们提出的假设一致，表明研究变量之间存在显著的关系。这些发现表明，疟疾知识有助于改善经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐与疟疾流行之间的关系。间接效应(β = 0.47, p = 0.003)和直接效应(β = 0.28, p = 0.001)均呈显著正相关。此外，据报道，家庭收入通过知识加强了驱虫蚊帐与疟疾之间的关系，并产生了相当大的影响(β = 0.13, p = 0.000)。结果还揭示了不同家庭收入类别的疟疾流行率结果的差异，其中，在第二级收入类别的家庭中，经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐通过疟疾知识对疟疾流行率的间接影响为正且显著(β = 0.15, p = 0.000)。相反，在高收入人群中，经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐通过疟疾知识对疟疾流行的间接影响为负(β = -0.14, p = 0.022)。此外，低收入类别的家庭报告了不显著的负相关(β = 0.024, p = 0.539)。结论:这些发现可能有助于卫生部门确保成功预防和控制传染病，特别是疟疾，并解释各种因素如何促成这种关系。
{"title":"The Moderated Mediation Role of Malaria Knowledge and Household Income in the Relationship between Insecticide-Treated Mosquito Nets and Malaria","authors":"Tao Hong, M. Mohammed, Mideksa Adugna Koricho, Gobena Godena","doi":"10.37871/jbres1328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1328","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The study was premised on the notion that insecticide-treated mosquito nets are positively related to malaria prevalence, and that knowledge mediates the relationship between insecticide-treated mosquito nets and malaria. Furthermore, household income was hypothesized to have a moderating effect on the direct and indirect relationships (through malaria knowledge) between insecticide-treated mosquito nets and the prevalence of malaria. Methods: The hypothesized relationships were examined using panel data collected from ten regions of Ethiopia during 2011-2015. Structural equation modeling and the random effect model were used to test the hypotheses. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 13.0. Results: The results were consistent with our proposed hypotheses, showing a significant relationship between the research variables. The findings suggest that malaria knowledge contributes to improving the relationship between insecticide-treated mosquito nets and malaria prevalence. A positively significant indirect effect (β = 0.47, p = 0.003) as well as direct effect (β = 0.28, p = 0.001) was revealed in the study. Furthermore, a positive impact of household income in strengthening the relationship between insecticide-treated mosquito nets and malaria through knowledge was reported, with a considerable value (β = 0.13, p = 0.000). The result also reveals differences in the outcome of malaria prevalence at different levels of household income category, where the indirect effect of insecticide-treated mosquito nets on malaria prevalence via malaria knowledge was positive and significant for households under the second-level income category (β = 0.15, p = 0.000). Conversely, the indirect effect of insecticide-treated mosquito nets on malaria prevalence via malaria knowledge was negative for the high level-income category (β = -0.14, p = 0.022). Besides, insignificant and negative relationships were reported for households under low-level income categories (β = 0.024, p = 0.539). Conclusion: The findings are potentially useful for the health sector to ensure success in infectious disease prevention and control, particularly malaria, and to explain how various factors contribute to the relationship.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88247742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Chauhan, M. Ashfaq, N. Talreja, Ramalinga Viswanathan Managalraja
Recently 2D materials are booming in the field of energy, environment, and biomedical application. Incorporation of metal/non-metal within 2D materials significantly influences the physical and chemical properties, making them intriguing materials for various applications. The advancement of 2D material requires strategic modification by manipulating the electronic structure, which remains a challenge. Herein, we describe 2D materials for the environment, energy, and biomedical application. A predominant aim of this short communication is to summarize the literature on the advanced environment, energy, and biomedical application (especially COVID-19).
{"title":"2D Materials for Environment, Energy, and Biomedical Applications","authors":"D. Chauhan, M. Ashfaq, N. Talreja, Ramalinga Viswanathan Managalraja","doi":"10.37871/jbres1340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1340","url":null,"abstract":"Recently 2D materials are booming in the field of energy, environment, and biomedical application. Incorporation of metal/non-metal within 2D materials significantly influences the physical and chemical properties, making them intriguing materials for various applications. The advancement of 2D material requires strategic modification by manipulating the electronic structure, which remains a challenge. Herein, we describe 2D materials for the environment, energy, and biomedical application. A predominant aim of this short communication is to summarize the literature on the advanced environment, energy, and biomedical application (especially COVID-19).","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81897423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chinese President Xi Jinping, at a meeting with delegates of the People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) during the last session of the National People's Congress (NPC), demanded the introduction of scientific discoveries and innovative technologies in the army. Xi Jinping noted that new technologies are the key to modernizing the Armed Forces. The Chinese leader discussed with the military how to achieve the goals set in the field of national defense and army development and the implementation of the 13th five-year plan for the development of the armed forces. It is safe to say that Laser Weapons (LW) are on the agenda of China/1/
{"title":"Laser Challenge of China","authors":"V. Apollonov","doi":"10.37871/jbres1335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1335","url":null,"abstract":"Chinese President Xi Jinping, at a meeting with delegates of the People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) during the last session of the National People's Congress (NPC), demanded the introduction of scientific discoveries and innovative technologies in the army. Xi Jinping noted that new technologies are the key to modernizing the Armed Forces. The Chinese leader discussed with the military how to achieve the goals set in the field of national defense and army development and the implementation of the 13th five-year plan for the development of the armed forces. It is safe to say that Laser Weapons (LW) are on the agenda of China/1/","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73843409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Increased acceptance and uptake of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines is very essential in containing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine hesitancy is a threat to public health containment of infectious diseases. Aim: The main aim of this study was to review published articles regarding COVID-19 vaccine acceptability and hesitancy across all populations in Africa. Materials and methods: This was a narrative review. A comprehensive literature search was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and EMBASE using the keywords vaccine acceptability, vaccine hesitancy, COVID-19 vaccine, COVID-19 pandemic, H1N1 vaccine, swine flu, swine flu vaccine, Africa, and the Boolean word AND. The cited literature was published between March 2001 and June 2021. Results: The few studies were done in Africa so far are among healthcare workers and medical students. Acceptance of vaccination against COVID-19 in Africa ranged from 15.4% to 55.9%. This shows increased hesitancy to receive the COVID-19 vaccines in African countries. Many people were concerned about the potential adverse effects and ineffectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. Misinformation about the COVID-19 vaccines has contributed to the hesitancy reported from different studies. Moreover, sociodemographic characteristics were also predictors of the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusion: Low acceptability rates reported in Africa indicates increased hesitancy to vaccination against COVID-19. The low acceptance of vaccines in Africa can hinder the required 60-70% vaccinations to achieve herd immunity. Therefore, there is a need to develop strategies that will address hesitancy against the COVID-19 vaccines across countries and populations in Africa and the entire globe.
{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability and Hesitancy in Africa: Implications for Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy","authors":"S. Mudenda","doi":"10.37871/jbres1342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1342","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Increased acceptance and uptake of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines is very essential in containing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine hesitancy is a threat to public health containment of infectious diseases. Aim: The main aim of this study was to review published articles regarding COVID-19 vaccine acceptability and hesitancy across all populations in Africa. Materials and methods: This was a narrative review. A comprehensive literature search was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and EMBASE using the keywords vaccine acceptability, vaccine hesitancy, COVID-19 vaccine, COVID-19 pandemic, H1N1 vaccine, swine flu, swine flu vaccine, Africa, and the Boolean word AND. The cited literature was published between March 2001 and June 2021. Results: The few studies were done in Africa so far are among healthcare workers and medical students. Acceptance of vaccination against COVID-19 in Africa ranged from 15.4% to 55.9%. This shows increased hesitancy to receive the COVID-19 vaccines in African countries. Many people were concerned about the potential adverse effects and ineffectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. Misinformation about the COVID-19 vaccines has contributed to the hesitancy reported from different studies. Moreover, sociodemographic characteristics were also predictors of the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusion: Low acceptability rates reported in Africa indicates increased hesitancy to vaccination against COVID-19. The low acceptance of vaccines in Africa can hinder the required 60-70% vaccinations to achieve herd immunity. Therefore, there is a need to develop strategies that will address hesitancy against the COVID-19 vaccines across countries and populations in Africa and the entire globe.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88719026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Pyar, Khine Khine Su, K. Wunna, M. Thant, K. Myat, A. Aung, Zar Ni Htet Aung, N. L. Maung, A. Kyaw, Min Lynn Zaw Oo, Kyaw Zwa Tun, Kyaw Ko Ko Aung, K. Thu, Thein Soe Tun, Nyan Ye Oo, Chan Nyein Latt, Thida Tun, Si Thu Myint, A. P. Oo, Win Ko Ko Min, Kyaw Khine Win, He Yan, Thet Mg Oo, Win Myint Tin
Background: In COVID-19 pandemic, the diagnosis and treatment must be as early as possible to save the life of each patient. Moreover, screening of asymptomatic carriers, close contacts or healthy subjects must not be delay to prevent transmission to publics. For confirmation of diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, nasopharyngeal swab must be tested either by real-time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) tests or Rapid Antigen Test (RAT). RAT is faster, easier and cheaper; thus, it is suitable for health service in developing country. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of Roche SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Test (RAT) in diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: Hospital based exploratory study was done in out-patient department and fever clinic, and molecular laboratory of No. (1) Defence Services General Hospital. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken, and the Roche SARS- CoV-2 RAT was conducted in parallel with RT-PCR test (reference standard). Results: Among the 932 patients/subjects recruited, RT-PCR was positive in 468 individuals, corresponding to a prevalence of 50.2%. The RAT was positive in 363 patients (60.4%), false positive in 120 patients; it was negative in 569 individuals (39.6%), false negative in 225 patients. The overall sensitivity of the RAT was 51.9% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 47.29-56.53) and, the specificity was 74.1% (95% CI 69.9-78.07); positive predictive value was 66.9% and negative predictive value was 60.5%. The sensitivity varied with Ct value; 78% in clinical samples with Ct values < 20, 57.5% in those with Ct values between 21 and 25, 41.8% in samples with Ct values between 26 and 30, and, 36.4% in samples with Ct value > 30. Conclusion: The accuracy of the SARS-CoV-2 Roche RAT in diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infections was inferior to RT-PCR and manufacturer’s data. The sensitivity was with low Cycle threshold values < 20 which were inversely related to the viral load. RAT test should be used in association with clinical impression of physicians. In hospital setting especially in emergency department, the role of RAT should be reconsidered in those patients presenting with anosmia and some cases of dyspnoea, late symptoms in the course of disease, as the RAT results would be false negative. Other errors may arise if the operator for RAT has to handle more than recommended tests per hour especially in the peak of epidemics.
{"title":"Accuracy of Roche SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Test in Nasopharyngeal Swab: Clinical Impression Matters","authors":"K. Pyar, Khine Khine Su, K. Wunna, M. Thant, K. Myat, A. Aung, Zar Ni Htet Aung, N. L. Maung, A. Kyaw, Min Lynn Zaw Oo, Kyaw Zwa Tun, Kyaw Ko Ko Aung, K. Thu, Thein Soe Tun, Nyan Ye Oo, Chan Nyein Latt, Thida Tun, Si Thu Myint, A. P. Oo, Win Ko Ko Min, Kyaw Khine Win, He Yan, Thet Mg Oo, Win Myint Tin","doi":"10.37871/jbres1334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1334","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In COVID-19 pandemic, the diagnosis and treatment must be as early as possible to save the life of each patient. Moreover, screening of asymptomatic carriers, close contacts or healthy subjects must not be delay to prevent transmission to publics. For confirmation of diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, nasopharyngeal swab must be tested either by real-time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) tests or Rapid Antigen Test (RAT). RAT is faster, easier and cheaper; thus, it is suitable for health service in developing country. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of Roche SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Test (RAT) in diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: Hospital based exploratory study was done in out-patient department and fever clinic, and molecular laboratory of No. (1) Defence Services General Hospital. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken, and the Roche SARS- CoV-2 RAT was conducted in parallel with RT-PCR test (reference standard). Results: Among the 932 patients/subjects recruited, RT-PCR was positive in 468 individuals, corresponding to a prevalence of 50.2%. The RAT was positive in 363 patients (60.4%), false positive in 120 patients; it was negative in 569 individuals (39.6%), false negative in 225 patients. The overall sensitivity of the RAT was 51.9% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 47.29-56.53) and, the specificity was 74.1% (95% CI 69.9-78.07); positive predictive value was 66.9% and negative predictive value was 60.5%. The sensitivity varied with Ct value; 78% in clinical samples with Ct values < 20, 57.5% in those with Ct values between 21 and 25, 41.8% in samples with Ct values between 26 and 30, and, 36.4% in samples with Ct value > 30. Conclusion: The accuracy of the SARS-CoV-2 Roche RAT in diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infections was inferior to RT-PCR and manufacturer’s data. The sensitivity was with low Cycle threshold values < 20 which were inversely related to the viral load. RAT test should be used in association with clinical impression of physicians. In hospital setting especially in emergency department, the role of RAT should be reconsidered in those patients presenting with anosmia and some cases of dyspnoea, late symptoms in the course of disease, as the RAT results would be false negative. Other errors may arise if the operator for RAT has to handle more than recommended tests per hour especially in the peak of epidemics.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"C-23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85099255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban air pollutants exposure is known as a source of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress that causes the Central Nervous System (CNS) and neuropathology disease. Transition metals, Particulate Matter (PM), including PM 2.5 (PM <2.5 μm) and PM 0.1 (PM <0.1μm), nitrogen oxides and ozone are of potent or oxidant capable of producing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Redox-sensitive pathways can be caused by oxidative stress, leading to various biological processes, including inflammation and cell death. The incidence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) and stroke are associated with exposure to air pollution. Some recent findings suggest that urban air pollutants reach the brain in addition to pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases and affect the CNS health too. While the underlying CNS pathology mechanisms induced air pollutants exposure are not well understood, recent studies show that changes in Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) and microglial activation are key components. In this work, we reviewed the new evidence of the mechanisms by which ambient air pollution reach the brain and activate innate immune response as a source of oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory factors.
{"title":"Exposure to Air Pollution Nanoparticles: Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation","authors":"M. Ehsanifar, Banihashemian Ss, Masoud Ehsanifar","doi":"10.37871/jbres1339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1339","url":null,"abstract":"Urban air pollutants exposure is known as a source of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress that causes the Central Nervous System (CNS) and neuropathology disease. Transition metals, Particulate Matter (PM), including PM 2.5 (PM <2.5 μm) and PM 0.1 (PM <0.1μm), nitrogen oxides and ozone are of potent or oxidant capable of producing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Redox-sensitive pathways can be caused by oxidative stress, leading to various biological processes, including inflammation and cell death. The incidence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) and stroke are associated with exposure to air pollution. Some recent findings suggest that urban air pollutants reach the brain in addition to pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases and affect the CNS health too. While the underlying CNS pathology mechanisms induced air pollutants exposure are not well understood, recent studies show that changes in Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) and microglial activation are key components. In this work, we reviewed the new evidence of the mechanisms by which ambient air pollution reach the brain and activate innate immune response as a source of oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory factors.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88506586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, 8 weather variables were modeled at the Yabu meteorological station, Cuba, a daily database from the Yabu meteorological station, Cuba, of extreme temperatures, extreme humidity and their average value, precipitation, was used. The force of the wind and the cloudiness corresponding to the period from 1977 to 2021, a linear mathematical model is obtained through the methodology of Regressive Objective Regression (ROR) for each variable that explains their behavior, depending on these 15, 13, 10 and 8 years in advance. It is concluded that these models allow the long-term forecast of the weather, opening a new possibility for the forecast, concluding that the chaos in time can be overcome if this way of predicting is used, the calculation of the mean error regarding the forecast of persistence in temperatures, wind force and cloud cover, while the persistence model is better in humidity, this allows to have valuable information in the long term of the weather in a locality, which results in a better decision making in the different aspects of the economy and society that are impacted by the weather forecast. It is the first time that an ROR model has been applied to the weather forecast processes for a specific day 8, 10, 13 and 15 years in advance.
{"title":"How the Chaos Theory is Defeated in the Yabu Meteorological Station, Cuba","authors":"Ricardo Osés Rodríguez, C. Llanes, R. F. Duarte","doi":"10.37871/jbres1348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1348","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, 8 weather variables were modeled at the Yabu meteorological station, Cuba, a daily database from the Yabu meteorological station, Cuba, of extreme temperatures, extreme humidity and their average value, precipitation, was used. The force of the wind and the cloudiness corresponding to the period from 1977 to 2021, a linear mathematical model is obtained through the methodology of Regressive Objective Regression (ROR) for each variable that explains their behavior, depending on these 15, 13, 10 and 8 years in advance. It is concluded that these models allow the long-term forecast of the weather, opening a new possibility for the forecast, concluding that the chaos in time can be overcome if this way of predicting is used, the calculation of the mean error regarding the forecast of persistence in temperatures, wind force and cloud cover, while the persistence model is better in humidity, this allows to have valuable information in the long term of the weather in a locality, which results in a better decision making in the different aspects of the economy and society that are impacted by the weather forecast. It is the first time that an ROR model has been applied to the weather forecast processes for a specific day 8, 10, 13 and 15 years in advance.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84007810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sotiria Moza, G. Hadjigeorgiou, N. Scarmeas, E. Dardiotis, M. Yannakoulia, M. Kosmidis
Background: Poor pesticide handling practices are recorded on a regular basis in Greece, where the average farmer is elderly. This raises concerns regarding their compliance with pesticide regulations and the associated health implications. Our purpose in undertaking the present study was to examine elderly farmers’ attitudes regarding pesticide handling and safety issues, as well as, the potential link between pesticide exposure and daily functioning capacity. Methods: Participants were 1443 elderly individuals, 276 of whom reported long-term, direct exposure to pesticides (spraying in gardens, open fields, and/or a greenhouse). Several aspects of pesticide handling were gleaned via a self-report questionnaire. Ability to perform everyday tasks was assessed with the Blessed Dementia Rating Scale. Results: On average, participants were not consistent with respect to safety practices. Half could not recall the specific brand names of the pesticides they used and 47.5% reported using chemical cocktails, often exceeding the maximum recommended frequency of applications per year. In many cases, they reported application of banned pesticides, such as DDT, and more than half reported applying pesticides without protective equipment. Analyses showed that exposure to pesticides was associated with impaired everyday functioning (OR = 1.16; 95%, CI = 1.04-1.28) and specifically, with an inability to interpret surroundings and recall recent events, a tendency to dwell on the past and changes in bladder-sphincter control. Conclusion: We found poor awareness and adherence to safety practices regarding pesticide use among elderly farmers, as well as an association between pesticide use and everyday functioning. Relevant health and environmental implications are discussed.
背景:在希腊，不良的农药处理做法经常被记录下来，那里的农民一般都是老年人。这引起了人们对它们是否遵守农药条例以及相关的健康影响的关切。我们进行本研究的目的是调查老年农民对农药处理和安全问题的态度，以及农药暴露与日常功能能力之间的潜在联系。方法:参与者为1443名老年人，其中276人报告长期直接暴露于农药(在花园、露天田地和/或温室喷洒)。通过自我报告问卷收集了农药处理的几个方面。执行日常任务的能力用祝福痴呆评定量表进行评估。结果:平均而言，参与者在安全实践方面不一致。一半的人记不起他们使用的农药的具体品牌名称，47.5%的人报告使用化学混合物，经常超过每年使用的最大建议频率。在许多情况下，他们报告使用了滴滴涕等禁用农药，一半以上的人报告在没有防护设备的情况下使用农药。分析表明，接触农药与日常功能受损有关(OR = 1.16;95%， CI = 1.04-1.28)，特别是，无法解释周围环境和回忆最近的事件，倾向于沉溺于过去和膀胱括约肌控制的变化。结论:我们发现老年农民对农药使用安全实践的认识和遵守程度较差，农药使用与日常功能之间存在关联。讨论了相关的健康和环境影响。
{"title":"Pesticide Use and its Effects on Daily Functioning among Elderly Farmers","authors":"Sotiria Moza, G. Hadjigeorgiou, N. Scarmeas, E. Dardiotis, M. Yannakoulia, M. Kosmidis","doi":"10.37871/jbres1330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1330","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Poor pesticide handling practices are recorded on a regular basis in Greece, where the average farmer is elderly. This raises concerns regarding their compliance with pesticide regulations and the associated health implications. Our purpose in undertaking the present study was to examine elderly farmers’ attitudes regarding pesticide handling and safety issues, as well as, the potential link between pesticide exposure and daily functioning capacity. Methods: Participants were 1443 elderly individuals, 276 of whom reported long-term, direct exposure to pesticides (spraying in gardens, open fields, and/or a greenhouse). Several aspects of pesticide handling were gleaned via a self-report questionnaire. Ability to perform everyday tasks was assessed with the Blessed Dementia Rating Scale. Results: On average, participants were not consistent with respect to safety practices. Half could not recall the specific brand names of the pesticides they used and 47.5% reported using chemical cocktails, often exceeding the maximum recommended frequency of applications per year. In many cases, they reported application of banned pesticides, such as DDT, and more than half reported applying pesticides without protective equipment. Analyses showed that exposure to pesticides was associated with impaired everyday functioning (OR = 1.16; 95%, CI = 1.04-1.28) and specifically, with an inability to interpret surroundings and recall recent events, a tendency to dwell on the past and changes in bladder-sphincter control. Conclusion: We found poor awareness and adherence to safety practices regarding pesticide use among elderly farmers, as well as an association between pesticide use and everyday functioning. Relevant health and environmental implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79345875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ehsanifar, Banihashemian Ss, Farzaneh Farokhmanesh
Stroke is one of the main causes of death attributed to air pollution. Significant research has now shown that urban air pollutants exposure has been established as a source of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress that causes Central Nervous System (CNS) disease. Transition metals, Particulate Matter (PM) including fine particles (PM ≤ 2.5 μm, PM 2.5) and ultra-fine particles (UFPs, PM <0.1 μm, PM 0.1), nitrogen oxide, and ozone are potent or oxidant that capable of producing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) can reach the brain and affect CNS health. Numerous biological mechanisms are responsible that are not well understood. Recent studies suggest that changes in the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) and or leakage and transmission along the olfactory nerve into the Olfactory Bulb (OB) and microglial activation are the key factors of CNS damage following exposure to air pollution. This preliminary review cites evidence that ambient PM exposure is one of the causes of stroke.
{"title":"Exposure to Ambient Ultra-Fine Particles and Stroke","authors":"M. Ehsanifar, Banihashemian Ss, Farzaneh Farokhmanesh","doi":"10.37871/jbres1337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1337","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke is one of the main causes of death attributed to air pollution. Significant research has now shown that urban air pollutants exposure has been established as a source of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress that causes Central Nervous System (CNS) disease. Transition metals, Particulate Matter (PM) including fine particles (PM ≤ 2.5 μm, PM 2.5) and ultra-fine particles (UFPs, PM <0.1 μm, PM 0.1), nitrogen oxide, and ozone are potent or oxidant that capable of producing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) can reach the brain and affect CNS health. Numerous biological mechanisms are responsible that are not well understood. Recent studies suggest that changes in the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) and or leakage and transmission along the olfactory nerve into the Olfactory Bulb (OB) and microglial activation are the key factors of CNS damage following exposure to air pollution. This preliminary review cites evidence that ambient PM exposure is one of the causes of stroke.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83272681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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