Background: Emerging of microbial resistance, spread of life-threatening diseases, and biological control of pathogens destroying economically important crops, are serious problems that encourage scientists to search for unusual sources for novel compounds with biological activities. Fungi are promising sources for such compounds due to their ability to produce variety of secondary metabolites that could be, if truly investigated, the solution for currently serious problems. Aim: The aim of this review is to highlight the diversity of compounds produced by endophytic Stemphylium and Ulocladium and represents their ability to produce biologically diverse metabolites. Materials and methods: This was a narrative review. A comprehensive literature search was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and EMBASE using the keywords, Stemphylium; Ulocladium; Secondary metabolites; biological activities. Results: Many studies reported that the endophytic Ulocladium especially, Ulocladium atrum Preuss, showed promising biocontrol activity against Botrytis cinerea on crops cultivated in the greenhouse and the field. The endophytic fungus Stemphylium especially, Stemphylium globuliferum was isolated from stem tissues of the Moroccan medicinal plant Mentha pulegium. Extracts of the fungus exhibited significant cytotoxicity when tested in vitro against L5178Y cells. Conclusion: Endophytic fungi are a noble and consistent source of unique natural mixtures with a high level of biodiversity and may also yield several compounds of pharmaceutical significance, which is currently attracting scientific surveys worldwide. Every study conducted on Stemphylium and Ulocladium resulted in discovery of new metabolites or pointing to a possible application, which made Stemphylium and Ulocladium species potential source of pharmaceuticals and attracted attention for further investigations of their biological control.
{"title":"Stemphylium and Ulocladium between Benefit and Harmful","authors":"W. Elkhateeb, G. Daba","doi":"10.37871/jbres1356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1356","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Emerging of microbial resistance, spread of life-threatening diseases, and biological control of pathogens destroying economically important crops, are serious problems that encourage scientists to search for unusual sources for novel compounds with biological activities. Fungi are promising sources for such compounds due to their ability to produce variety of secondary metabolites that could be, if truly investigated, the solution for currently serious problems. Aim: The aim of this review is to highlight the diversity of compounds produced by endophytic Stemphylium and Ulocladium and represents their ability to produce biologically diverse metabolites. Materials and methods: This was a narrative review. A comprehensive literature search was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and EMBASE using the keywords, Stemphylium; Ulocladium; Secondary metabolites; biological activities. Results: Many studies reported that the endophytic Ulocladium especially, Ulocladium atrum Preuss, showed promising biocontrol activity against Botrytis cinerea on crops cultivated in the greenhouse and the field. The endophytic fungus Stemphylium especially, Stemphylium globuliferum was isolated from stem tissues of the Moroccan medicinal plant Mentha pulegium. Extracts of the fungus exhibited significant cytotoxicity when tested in vitro against L5178Y cells. Conclusion: Endophytic fungi are a noble and consistent source of unique natural mixtures with a high level of biodiversity and may also yield several compounds of pharmaceutical significance, which is currently attracting scientific surveys worldwide. Every study conducted on Stemphylium and Ulocladium resulted in discovery of new metabolites or pointing to a possible application, which made Stemphylium and Ulocladium species potential source of pharmaceuticals and attracted attention for further investigations of their biological control.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82203952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multicellular organisms have many cell types and are complex, and heterogeneity is common among cells. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing (scRNA-SEQ) is a new technique for studying the transcriptional activity of a single cell that is still in its early stages of development. It generates transcriptional profiles from thousands of parallel cells to reveal the differential expression of individual cell genomes. They reflect the heterogeneity between cells to identify different cell types and form cell maps of tissues or organs, which play an essential role in biology and clinical medicine. Based on the introduction and comparison of the scRNA-SEQ sequencing platform, this paper focuses on the application of scRNA-SEQ in the exploration of cell types in the nervous system and immune system and summarizes the research results of the combination of scRNA-SEQ and spatial transcriptome technology.
{"title":"Recent Developments and Applications of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Technology in Cell Classification","authors":"Safir Ullah Khan, Munir Ullah Khan","doi":"10.37871/jbres1383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1383","url":null,"abstract":"Multicellular organisms have many cell types and are complex, and heterogeneity is common among cells. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing (scRNA-SEQ) is a new technique for studying the transcriptional activity of a single cell that is still in its early stages of development. It generates transcriptional profiles from thousands of parallel cells to reveal the differential expression of individual cell genomes. They reflect the heterogeneity between cells to identify different cell types and form cell maps of tissues or organs, which play an essential role in biology and clinical medicine. Based on the introduction and comparison of the scRNA-SEQ sequencing platform, this paper focuses on the application of scRNA-SEQ in the exploration of cell types in the nervous system and immune system and summarizes the research results of the combination of scRNA-SEQ and spatial transcriptome technology.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77830334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avian diversity of two zones within the main campus of IMSIU University was studied during the period from July 2019 to June 2020. A total number of 1,653 individual birds was recorded across the main campus which falls under fifteen species belonging to thirteen families. Out of this number, 760 individual of them were recorded in Zone-A versus 893 individual in Zone-B. Species richness in Zone-A was 15 while species richness in Zone-B was 13. Census index of the Birds was recorded as follows: 4.6 Birds/ha and 7.9 Birds/ha in both Zones A and B, respectively. Bird species sighted was higher in Zone-B as compared with Zone-A, as indicated by Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H) which accounts for 1.83 in Zone-A and 1.65 in Zone-B. Pigeon (Columba livia), House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) and Laughing Dove (Spilopelia senegalensis) were among the most frequently sighted. From the current study, it is recommended that Zone-B be pedestrianized for the enrichment and protection of the avian species. Also, new policies should be put forward by the relevant authority within the main campus to maintain avian diversity, such as expanding afforestation and green landscapes, in addition to the establishment of artificial lakes and ponds.
{"title":"Avifauna within the Main Campus of Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","authors":"H. A. Rudayni","doi":"10.37871/jbres1379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1379","url":null,"abstract":"Avian diversity of two zones within the main campus of IMSIU University was studied during the period from July 2019 to June 2020. A total number of 1,653 individual birds was recorded across the main campus which falls under fifteen species belonging to thirteen families. Out of this number, 760 individual of them were recorded in Zone-A versus 893 individual in Zone-B. Species richness in Zone-A was 15 while species richness in Zone-B was 13. Census index of the Birds was recorded as follows: 4.6 Birds/ha and 7.9 Birds/ha in both Zones A and B, respectively. Bird species sighted was higher in Zone-B as compared with Zone-A, as indicated by Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H) which accounts for 1.83 in Zone-A and 1.65 in Zone-B. Pigeon (Columba livia), House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) and Laughing Dove (Spilopelia senegalensis) were among the most frequently sighted. From the current study, it is recommended that Zone-B be pedestrianized for the enrichment and protection of the avian species. Also, new policies should be put forward by the relevant authority within the main campus to maintain avian diversity, such as expanding afforestation and green landscapes, in addition to the establishment of artificial lakes and ponds.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84607237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence rate and to identify risk factors of Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii among internally displaced women of District North Waziristan, Pakistan with home obstetric history. A total of 387 blood samples were collected from internally displaced infected women with the help of a comprehensive filled data form. To determine levels of Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii Infection, all blood samples were qualitative and quantitative analyzed using Immune chromatographic and Chemiluminescence Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) technique. Among 387 blood samples, the total numbers of reactive samples observed were 341 (88.11%) and non-reactive samples were 46 (11.88%). Of 341 (88.11%) reactive samples, the highest ratio 168 (49.26%) was reported for the co-infection of Cytomegalovirus and Rubella, followed by 76 (22.28%) for Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii combined. In reactive samples, the highest ratio of IgG was noted in order of CMV 22 (64.70%), Rubella 21 (67.74%) and Toxoplasma gondii 16 (72.72%), followed by IgG+IgM and IgM only. Regarding age-wise distribution, the highest ratio 144 (90.56%) of total reactive samples of Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii was reported in the 25-32 years old group of individuals. Similarly, the highest ratio 53 (48.18%) and 60 (41.66%) of co-infection among reactive samples for Cytomegalovirus, and Rubella was observed in 18-24 and 25-32 years old group. Further, the highest ratio of 100 (40.32%) of risk factors was observed in infected patients who were exposed to a poor hygienic environment and 57 (44.18%) of infected patients had complications of Severe UTI followed by others. Hence, it was revealed that Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii infection was most prevalent in internally displaced women of District North Waziristan, Pakistan. Therefore, an urgent base prophylactic approaches should need to be addressed to reduce the risk of the spread of disease in this locality.
{"title":"Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii among Internally Displaced Women of District North Waziristan, Pakistan with Home Obstetric History","authors":"Saddam S, Ghadir Ali, Abdul Rehman, A. Shahzad","doi":"10.37871/jbres1377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1377","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence rate and to identify risk factors of Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii among internally displaced women of District North Waziristan, Pakistan with home obstetric history. A total of 387 blood samples were collected from internally displaced infected women with the help of a comprehensive filled data form. To determine levels of Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii Infection, all blood samples were qualitative and quantitative analyzed using Immune chromatographic and Chemiluminescence Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) technique. Among 387 blood samples, the total numbers of reactive samples observed were 341 (88.11%) and non-reactive samples were 46 (11.88%). Of 341 (88.11%) reactive samples, the highest ratio 168 (49.26%) was reported for the co-infection of Cytomegalovirus and Rubella, followed by 76 (22.28%) for Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii combined. In reactive samples, the highest ratio of IgG was noted in order of CMV 22 (64.70%), Rubella 21 (67.74%) and Toxoplasma gondii 16 (72.72%), followed by IgG+IgM and IgM only. Regarding age-wise distribution, the highest ratio 144 (90.56%) of total reactive samples of Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii was reported in the 25-32 years old group of individuals. Similarly, the highest ratio 53 (48.18%) and 60 (41.66%) of co-infection among reactive samples for Cytomegalovirus, and Rubella was observed in 18-24 and 25-32 years old group. Further, the highest ratio of 100 (40.32%) of risk factors was observed in infected patients who were exposed to a poor hygienic environment and 57 (44.18%) of infected patients had complications of Severe UTI followed by others. Hence, it was revealed that Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii infection was most prevalent in internally displaced women of District North Waziristan, Pakistan. Therefore, an urgent base prophylactic approaches should need to be addressed to reduce the risk of the spread of disease in this locality.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91263558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Chileshe, Geoffrey Mupeta, M. Kasanga, Ruth Lindizyani Mfune, S. Mudenda, Mildred Biemba, Nzooma M Shimaponda-Mataa, M. Sinkala, V. Daka
Introduction: COVID-19 continues to be a public health concern despite several practical interventions to curb its spread. Now, widespread vaccination appears to be the most important strategy in winning the fight against this deadly pandemic by promoting herd immunity. However, a lack of independent and local studies on vaccines’ safety may adversely impact the vaccine uptake and eventually the overarching goal of reducing disease transmission. Objective: To determine the prevalence of adverse events post COVID-19 vaccination amongst the adult Zambia population. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among recipients of COVID-19 vaccines in Zambia. The study was conducted between July and August 2021. 584 adult individuals who had access to the questionnaire were enrolled. Relationships between patients' demographics and Adverse Events (AEs) were assessed using the chi-square (χ2) test given the categorical nature of the data. Results: Pain at the injection site (79.8%), headache (57.4%), fatigue (55.5%), chills (52.6%), fever (42.3%), and joint pains (37.5%) were the most commonly reported adverse events. When stratified by gender, pain at the injection site (p = 0.01), limitation of arm movement (p < 0.001), chills (p = 0.017), headache (p = 0.044), fatigue (p = 0.004), nausea or vomiting (p < 0.001) were statistically significant, with females mostly affected. There was a statistically significant difference in the case of limitation of arm movement (20.7% vs. 9.9%, p = 0.031), chills (54.8% vs. 36.6%, p = 0.004), headache (59.6% vs. 40.8%, p = 0.003) and fatigue (57.5% vs. 40.8%, p = 0.008) between those 49 years and below compared to those above 50 years. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence of adverse events being experienced by the recipient of COVID-19 vaccines and that these have been mainly mild. Healthcare authorities need to educate the public about the possible adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccines and how to report these events should they experience some. This will improve pharmacovigilance of adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccines.
导言:尽管采取了一些实际干预措施来遏制其传播，但COVID-19仍然是一个公共卫生问题。现在，广泛接种疫苗似乎是通过促进群体免疫来赢得对抗这种致命大流行的最重要战略。然而，缺乏对疫苗安全性的独立和本地研究可能会对疫苗的吸收产生不利影响，并最终影响减少疾病传播的总体目标。目的:了解赞比亚成人COVID-19疫苗接种后不良事件的发生率。方法:这是一项在赞比亚COVID-19疫苗接种者中进行的描述性横断面研究。该研究于2021年7月至8月进行。参与调查的584名成年人参与了调查。考虑到数据的分类性质，采用χ2检验评估患者人口统计学特征与不良事件(ae)之间的关系。结果:注射部位疼痛(79.8%)、头痛(57.4%)、疲劳(55.5%)、寒战(52.6%)、发热(42.3%)和关节痛(37.5%)是最常见的不良反应。按性别分层时，注射部位疼痛(p = 0.01)、手臂活动受限(p < 0.001)、寒战(p = 0.017)、头痛(p = 0.044)、疲劳(p = 0.004)、恶心或呕吐(p < 0.001)均有统计学意义，且以女性为主。49岁及以下患者与50岁以上患者在手臂活动受限(20.7% vs. 9.9%， p = 0.031)、寒战(54.8% vs. 36.6%， p = 0.004)、头痛(59.6% vs. 40.8%， p = 0.003)和疲劳(57.5% vs. 40.8%， p = 0.008)方面的差异有统计学意义。结论:我们的研究提供了COVID-19疫苗接种者经历不良事件的证据，这些不良事件主要是轻微的。卫生保健当局需要教育公众了解与COVID-19疫苗相关的可能不良事件，以及如果他们遇到这些事件，如何报告这些事件。这将提高与COVID-19疫苗相关不良事件的药物警惕性。
{"title":"Prevalence of Adverse Events Post-COVID-19 Vaccination amongst the Adult Zambian Population","authors":"M. Chileshe, Geoffrey Mupeta, M. Kasanga, Ruth Lindizyani Mfune, S. Mudenda, Mildred Biemba, Nzooma M Shimaponda-Mataa, M. Sinkala, V. Daka","doi":"10.37871/jbres1389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1389","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: COVID-19 continues to be a public health concern despite several practical interventions to curb its spread. Now, widespread vaccination appears to be the most important strategy in winning the fight against this deadly pandemic by promoting herd immunity. However, a lack of independent and local studies on vaccines’ safety may adversely impact the vaccine uptake and eventually the overarching goal of reducing disease transmission. Objective: To determine the prevalence of adverse events post COVID-19 vaccination amongst the adult Zambia population. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among recipients of COVID-19 vaccines in Zambia. The study was conducted between July and August 2021. 584 adult individuals who had access to the questionnaire were enrolled. Relationships between patients' demographics and Adverse Events (AEs) were assessed using the chi-square (χ2) test given the categorical nature of the data. Results: Pain at the injection site (79.8%), headache (57.4%), fatigue (55.5%), chills (52.6%), fever (42.3%), and joint pains (37.5%) were the most commonly reported adverse events. When stratified by gender, pain at the injection site (p = 0.01), limitation of arm movement (p < 0.001), chills (p = 0.017), headache (p = 0.044), fatigue (p = 0.004), nausea or vomiting (p < 0.001) were statistically significant, with females mostly affected. There was a statistically significant difference in the case of limitation of arm movement (20.7% vs. 9.9%, p = 0.031), chills (54.8% vs. 36.6%, p = 0.004), headache (59.6% vs. 40.8%, p = 0.003) and fatigue (57.5% vs. 40.8%, p = 0.008) between those 49 years and below compared to those above 50 years. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence of adverse events being experienced by the recipient of COVID-19 vaccines and that these have been mainly mild. Healthcare authorities need to educate the public about the possible adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccines and how to report these events should they experience some. This will improve pharmacovigilance of adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccines.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84780920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins (RIPs) as a class of anticancer medicines have garnered considerable attention due to their novel anticancer mechanism. Although the medications are small, RIPs utilize the Large-Size Effect (LSE) to block the efflux procedure that are regulated through Drug Resistance Transporters (DRTs), and protect host cells from drug transfection. There are many significant challenges for their therapeutic applications that seriously restrict their usefulness, particularly their strategy towards tumor cells. The primary objective of this review is to emphasize Trichosanthin (TCS) along with Gelonin (Gel) and additional types of RIPs, particularly scorpion venom-derived RIPs, to demonstrate that they should be grappling through what kinds of bio-barriers to overcome in cancer therapeutic science. Next, we will emphasize the latest state-of-the-art in providing cancer treatment RIPs.
{"title":"Therapeutic Application of Genetically Engineered Ribosome-Inactivating Toxin Proteins for Cancer","authors":"S. Khan, M. U. Khan","doi":"10.37871/jbres1375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1375","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins (RIPs) as a class of anticancer medicines have garnered considerable attention due to their novel anticancer mechanism. Although the medications are small, RIPs utilize the Large-Size Effect (LSE) to block the efflux procedure that are regulated through Drug Resistance Transporters (DRTs), and protect host cells from drug transfection. There are many significant challenges for their therapeutic applications that seriously restrict their usefulness, particularly their strategy towards tumor cells. The primary objective of this review is to emphasize Trichosanthin (TCS) along with Gelonin (Gel) and additional types of RIPs, particularly scorpion venom-derived RIPs, to demonstrate that they should be grappling through what kinds of bio-barriers to overcome in cancer therapeutic science. Next, we will emphasize the latest state-of-the-art in providing cancer treatment RIPs.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81498232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the discovery by astrophysicists of dark matter halos around galaxies, stars and planets, it became possible to abandon the speculative concept of the spatial curvature of Einstein's space-time fabric and geometric gravity. Torsional gravity and spinors in fundamental theoretical physics should be based on a new cosmology, including a dark matter halo rotating with planets, stars and galaxies and forming funnels in the continuous space environment of a quantum vacuum (dark matter). The article discusses the nature of tornado and tropical hurricanes.
{"title":"Torsion Gravity","authors":"K. Si","doi":"10.37871/jbres1388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1388","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the discovery by astrophysicists of dark matter halos around galaxies, stars and planets, it became possible to abandon the speculative concept of the spatial curvature of Einstein's space-time fabric and geometric gravity. Torsional gravity and spinors in fundamental theoretical physics should be based on a new cosmology, including a dark matter halo rotating with planets, stars and galaxies and forming funnels in the continuous space environment of a quantum vacuum (dark matter). The article discusses the nature of tornado and tropical hurricanes.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"276 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73482580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Among current biological researches, there have a plenty of works related cancer therapy issues by using functional or pure-phased composites in non-invasive strategies. Especially in fabricating anticancer candidates, functional composites are divided into different sorts with different characteristics. Additionally, nanotechnology provides various approaches in utilizing composites’ functionality for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Compared with previous Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), Photo-Thermal Therapy (PTT), chemotherapy and radiotherapy, ultrasound is used to activate sonosensitizer to produce cytotoxic Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) toward target cancer cells. In recent years, the form of Sonodynamic Therapy (SDT) has been making much effort to develop highly efficient metal based Nanomaterials (NMs) as sonosensitizers, which can efficiently generate ROS and has the advantages of deeper tissue penetration. However, the traditional sonosensitizers, such as porphyrins, hypericin, and curcumins suffer from complex synthesis, poor water solubility, and low tumor targeting efficacy. For contrasting this limitation, the metal based inorganic NMs show biocompatibility, controllable physicochemical properties, and ease of achieving multifunctional properties, which greatly expanded their application in SDT. In this review, we systematically summarize the metal based inorganic NMs as carrier of molecular sonosensitizers, and produce ROS under ultrasound. Moreover, the prospects of advanced metal based further materials application are also discussed.
{"title":"Metal-Based Nanomaterials Incorporate with Ultrasound as Acceptable Approach towards Cancer Therapy","authors":"Xiaoxiao He, Shiyue Chen, Xiang Mao","doi":"10.37871/jbres1354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1354","url":null,"abstract":"Among current biological researches, there have a plenty of works related cancer therapy issues by using functional or pure-phased composites in non-invasive strategies. Especially in fabricating anticancer candidates, functional composites are divided into different sorts with different characteristics. Additionally, nanotechnology provides various approaches in utilizing composites’ functionality for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Compared with previous Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), Photo-Thermal Therapy (PTT), chemotherapy and radiotherapy, ultrasound is used to activate sonosensitizer to produce cytotoxic Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) toward target cancer cells. In recent years, the form of Sonodynamic Therapy (SDT) has been making much effort to develop highly efficient metal based Nanomaterials (NMs) as sonosensitizers, which can efficiently generate ROS and has the advantages of deeper tissue penetration. However, the traditional sonosensitizers, such as porphyrins, hypericin, and curcumins suffer from complex synthesis, poor water solubility, and low tumor targeting efficacy. For contrasting this limitation, the metal based inorganic NMs show biocompatibility, controllable physicochemical properties, and ease of achieving multifunctional properties, which greatly expanded their application in SDT. In this review, we systematically summarize the metal based inorganic NMs as carrier of molecular sonosensitizers, and produce ROS under ultrasound. Moreover, the prospects of advanced metal based further materials application are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86819409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the influence of occupational stress and social relationship at the workplace on the psychological wellbeing of nurses and midwives in the Catholic Health Service of the Western Region of Ghana. A cross-sectional descriptive study was employed for the study. A sample of 300 nurses and midwives was used for the investigation. A questionnaire based on Nurses' Occupational Stress Scale was adopted to measure occupational stress among the nurses and midwives and Ryff's Psychological Wellbeing Scale (PWB 18 items) to measure psychological wellbeing among nurses and midwives and the Worker Relationship Scale developed by Biggs, Swailes and Baker was used to measure social relationships at the workplace. For statistical analysis, Linear Regression Analysis for statistical purposes. The study’s result indicated that occupational stress explained 18.1% psychological wellbeing variances. It was also found that occupational stress predicted psychological wellbeing among nurses and midwives in the Catholic Health Service of the Western Region. The study’s result further revealed that social interaction and experiences among health professionals (nurses and midwives) at the workplace significantly determine their psychological wellbeing. It was recommended that nurses and midwives should be trained on better ways of dealing with occupational stress in order to stay psychologically sound.
{"title":"Influence of Occupational Stress and Social Relationship at the Workplace on the Psychological Wellbeing of Nurses and Midwives in the Catholic Health Service of the Western Region of Ghana","authors":"Eric Kwasi Elliason","doi":"10.37871/jbres1384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1384","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the influence of occupational stress and social relationship at the workplace on the psychological wellbeing of nurses and midwives in the Catholic Health Service of the Western Region of Ghana. A cross-sectional descriptive study was employed for the study. A sample of 300 nurses and midwives was used for the investigation. A questionnaire based on Nurses' Occupational Stress Scale was adopted to measure occupational stress among the nurses and midwives and Ryff's Psychological Wellbeing Scale (PWB 18 items) to measure psychological wellbeing among nurses and midwives and the Worker Relationship Scale developed by Biggs, Swailes and Baker was used to measure social relationships at the workplace. For statistical analysis, Linear Regression Analysis for statistical purposes. The study’s result indicated that occupational stress explained 18.1% psychological wellbeing variances. It was also found that occupational stress predicted psychological wellbeing among nurses and midwives in the Catholic Health Service of the Western Region. The study’s result further revealed that social interaction and experiences among health professionals (nurses and midwives) at the workplace significantly determine their psychological wellbeing. It was recommended that nurses and midwives should be trained on better ways of dealing with occupational stress in order to stay psychologically sound.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86237752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Until a few years ago, the world of Iranian children was often full of movement, mobility, and experience of nature, a real world in which nature and its landmarks, including soil, water, wind, living beings and tangible trees, and not limited to virtual image frames where even the possibility of experiencing and obtaining a simple and lasting memory such as playing soil is impossible and unattainable. Today, however, the vacancy of many childish games and mischievousness can be easily felt in green and open public spaces. Today's children look more strange and alienated in the face of nature than landlords. It is a fact that Iranian children are more familiar with their country's valuable animal and plant species such as gorasay, siberian dorrena, Asian cheetah, emperor salamander and manus boro alum, and animals such as zebras, African lions and elephants, polar bears, penguins and pandas. Who is this negligence from the other side? Why do not children spend as they should and perhaps in nature? Are limited and closed apartment spaces and the preference of computer games to group uplifting physical activities our children's choice? In this paper we review the importance of acquainting children with nature, with a focus on Iran.
{"title":"Why Should Children Become Familiar with Nature","authors":"Leila Namavar","doi":"10.37871/jbres1368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1368","url":null,"abstract":"Until a few years ago, the world of Iranian children was often full of movement, mobility, and experience of nature, a real world in which nature and its landmarks, including soil, water, wind, living beings and tangible trees, and not limited to virtual image frames where even the possibility of experiencing and obtaining a simple and lasting memory such as playing soil is impossible and unattainable. Today, however, the vacancy of many childish games and mischievousness can be easily felt in green and open public spaces. Today's children look more strange and alienated in the face of nature than landlords. It is a fact that Iranian children are more familiar with their country's valuable animal and plant species such as gorasay, siberian dorrena, Asian cheetah, emperor salamander and manus boro alum, and animals such as zebras, African lions and elephants, polar bears, penguins and pandas. Who is this negligence from the other side? Why do not children spend as they should and perhaps in nature? Are limited and closed apartment spaces and the preference of computer games to group uplifting physical activities our children's choice? In this paper we review the importance of acquainting children with nature, with a focus on Iran.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"3709 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86682582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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