Journal of occupational and environmental medicine最新文献

Objective: This study examined associations between 2 types of supervisors' health-promoting behaviors-informing employees about the corporate health and productivity management initiatives and actively practicing them-and employee health outcomes in large Japanese companies.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 11,484 employees. Supervisor behaviors were grouped by combinations of informing and practicing. Associations with psychological distress, work engagement, and self-rated health were analyzed using multivariable regression.

Results: Practicing alone was consistently associated with better outcomes, while informing alone showed limited effects. The combination of both yielded the most favorable outcomes (psychological distress: B = -0.78, work engagement: B = 1.70, self-rated health: B = 0.49) and demonstrated a significant interaction effect.

Conclusions: Supervisors who both inform and practice are associated with better employee health. These findings suggest the importance of consistent communication and practices in health leadership.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze temporal trends of environmental heat and cold exposure (EHCE)-related burden among adults aged 55 years and older.

Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease database, we examined EHCE-related incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs trends from 1990 to 2021 via joinpoint regression, assessing global, regional, and national patterns by sex, age, and sociodemographic index (SDI).

Results: Global EHCE incidence declined (AAPC, -1.46), more in males (AAPC, -1.62) than females (AAPC, -1.23), notably in ages 55 to 59 years (AAPC, -1.77). High-middle-SDI nations had the largest incidence drop (AAPC, -2.29), but mortality (AAPC, 1.07) and DALYs (AAPC, 0.38) rose in high-SDI countries. High-income Asia Pacific showed increased incidence (AAPC, 0.96).

Conclusion: Global EHCE burden in older adults decreased, but high-income regions showed stagnation or reversal, urging revised response strategies.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine occupational traits and health profiles for ride-hailing drivers.

Methods: Ride-hailing drivers were recruited from a major Chinese platform. Demographic characteristics, occupational data, and musculoskeletal conditions were collected via questionnaire. Health examinations included blood tests, electrocardiogram, and imaging tests. Abnormalities were classified using clinical reference ranges. Prevalence and distribution of abnormalities were analyzed across demographic and occupational groups.

Results: Among 658 enrolled drivers, predominant occupational risks were prolonged work hours, high stress, and insufficient sleep. Health examinations revealed high prevalence of the following: obesity, hypertension, hematologic abnormalities, metabolic dysregulation, urinary pathologies, cardiovascular abnormalities, and musculoskeletal pain in the neck and shoulder.

Conclusions: Ride-hailing drivers with occupational features of extended work hours, physical inactivity, and insufficient sleep exhibited prevalent comorbidities including obesity, metabolic syndrome, musculoskeletal pain, and urinary disorders.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine longitudinal associations between changes in frailty status and risk of work-related falls among older workers.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on Japanese workers aged 60-75 years in a tertiary industry. Frailty was assessed using the Frailty Screening Index at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Participants were categorized into the following four groups: stable nonfrail, frailty recovery, newly frail, and persistently frail. Work-related falls in the past 12 months were self-reported at the 2-year follow-up visit.

Results: The persistently frail group was significantly associated with a higher risk of falls; frailty recovery was not associated with increased risk. Newly frail participants exhibited a trend toward increased falls, although the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions: Frailty management is an essential part of work-related fall-prevention strategies for older workers.

Objective: This study investigates the correlation between cumulative coal mine dust exposure and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) burden in coal miners.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 500 coal miners underwent brain MRI. CSVD burden was assessed using neuroimaging markers. Occupational dust exposure was quantified as cumulative dust exposure (CDE). Logistic regression identified independent predictors.

Results: CSVD burden scores ranged from 0 to 3, with majority showing mild-moderate burden. Cummulative Dust Exposure (CDE) significantly correlated with CSVD severity ( r = 0.345, P < 0.001). CDE was independently associated with increased CSVD burden (odds ratio = 1.027; P = 0.001). Multinomial regression revealed 6.2% increased odds of severe CSVD per unit CDE increase.

Conclusions: Cumulative coal dust exposure is significantly associated with increased CSVD burden in coal miners, emphasizing the need for occupational dust control and vascular risk management.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationship between line managers' assessments of their subordinates' health conditions and subordinates' self-rated mental health status.

Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional study comprised 20 line managers and 156 of their subordinates in a worksite. Managers assessed their employees' health conditions and the impact on work performance, whereas subordinates completed questionnaires for mental health status, independently. Multilevel logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio.

Results: A significant relationship was found between line managers' assessments and subordinates' self-rated depression. Higher odds ratios were observed for depression when health- and work-related issues were rated by managers as "slightly problematic" and "problematic" compared to "not problematic."

Conclusions: Line managers play a crucial role in recognizing and addressing depression among employees in the workplace.