Carbohydrate Research最新文献

{"title":"Differentiation of α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialylated N/O-glycan isomers in human seminal plasma by an glycoqueuing strategy","authors":"Wanjun Jin ,&nbsp;Cheng Li ,&nbsp;Chengjian Wang ,&nbsp;Ming Wei ,&nbsp;Yuanlin Sun ,&nbsp;Qingzhen Yang ,&nbsp;Zhongfu Wang ,&nbsp;Linjuan Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>N/O</em>-glycans in various human seminal plasma (hSP) glycoproteins, especially α2,3- and α2,6-sialylation levels, are closely associated with semen quality. However, effective differentiation of sialyl linkage isomer remains unachieved. Here, we employed our previously developed glycoqueuing strategy for isomer-specific quantitative analysis of sialylated <em>N/O-</em>glycans released from hSP. A total of 21 exclusively α2,6-sialylated and 14 α2,3-sialylated (bearing α2,3-linked sialic acids) <em>N-</em>glycan isomers were detected, and the relative abundance of α2,6-sialylation among these sialylated <em>N</em>-glycans reached 61.40 %. For <em>O</em>-glycans, seven monosialic and five disialylated species were observed, and all were confirmed to be α2,3-sialylated. Nonsialylated <em>N/O-</em>glycan isomers were simultaneously quantified via hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Specifically, 21 nonsialylated <em>N-</em>glycan isomers were identified, among which the relative abundances of oligomannose-type and complex-type glycan were each approximately 50 %. All <em>O-</em>glycans exhibited core 1 or core 2 structures, including 12 α2,3-sialylated and 26 nonsialylated species. Notably, four isomers separated from two newly discovered nonsialylated <em>O</em>-glycan compositions H2N1F1 and H2N1F2 (H: hexose, N: <em>N-</em>acetylgalactosamine, F: fucose) were identified in hSP. Additionally, sialylated and nonsialylated <em>N/O-</em>glycans were all highly fucosylated (16.98 %–67.92 %), and bore numerous Lewis X and Lewis Y structures. The detailed glycan structural and distribution data, particularly α2,3/α2,6-sialylation profiles, not only provides a reference for constructing the hSP glycomic fingerprint, but also supports in-depth investigation of hSP glycan functions in reproduction and exploration of novel glycan markers for clinical semen quality detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"560 ","pages":"Article 109780"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petasis-mediated exo-iminoglycals synthesis from glyconolactams allows access to unprecedented 1-spirocyclopropyl deoxynojirimycin","authors":"Lilou Chopin ,&nbsp;Aurélien Beato ,&nbsp;Dylan Yorga ,&nbsp;Nicolas Auberger ,&nbsp;Jean-Bernard Behr ,&nbsp;Jérôme Désiré ,&nbsp;Yves Blériot","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report herein the olefination of a set of six <em>N</em>-Boc glyconolactams using Petasis reagent to yield unprecedented exoiminoglycals. In addition, a modified Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation was successfully applied to the D-<em>gluco</em>-configured olefin to furnish the unprecedented 1-spirocyclic deoxynojirimycin which proved to be a poor inhibitor of glycosidases in its unprotected form.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"560 ","pages":"Article 109765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging insights into cell differentiation: the role of N-glycosylation in differentiation-based cancer therapies","authors":"Tiangui Wu ,&nbsp;Pengfei Ye ,&nbsp;Junjie Yang ,&nbsp;Yuhan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>N</em>-glycosylation is a dynamic post-translational modification that critically regulates cancer cell differentiation through modulating receptor signaling, cell adhesion, and plasticity. Aberrant <em>N</em>-glycosylation promotes dedifferentiation, drives EMT, and confers therapy resistance across malignancies. This review summarizes the role of <em>N</em>-glycosylation in determining lineage commitment and altering responses to differentiation therapies. Targeting the <em>N</em>-glycosylation apparatus can reprogram tumor cells toward differentiated phenotypes, potentiating the effects of agents such as ATRA and NaBu. Evidence from leukemia and solid tumors reveals the therapeutic potential of disrupting glycan-dependent cell fate decisions. Deciphering these “glycan codes” provides a framework for integrating glycosylation modifiers into precision differentiation therapies, offering novel strategies to overcome treatment resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"560 ","pages":"Article 109787"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemoselective deacetylation of hydrophobic glycophenols by lipase PS enhanced with bovine serum albumin","authors":"Matej Cvečko,&nbsp;Vladimír Mastihuba,&nbsp;Mária Mastihubová","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enzymatic methods leading to the preparation of biologically active glycophenols are attracting increasing interest due to their selectivity and sustainability. In this study, a series of hydrophilic and hydrophobic 4-<em>O</em>-acetylferulic acid sugar esters was prepared using a combination of chemical and enzymatic approaches. During the investigation of chemoselective deacetylation of the phenolic groups in these esters, a pronounced cooperative effect between Lipase PS and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was observed in a biphasic MTBE–water system. In the presence of BSA, Lipase PS more rapidly and selectively deacetylated the phenolic acetyl group of hydrophobic substrates. In contrast, no rate enhancement was observed for more polar substrates bearing free hydroxyl groups. Protecting groups on the carbohydrate moiety remained unaffected, and the ester bond between ferulic acid and the sugar was preserved. The accelerating effect of BSA on hydrophobic substrates is attributed to its surface-active properties, which increase the interfacial area through the formation of stable emulsions. Given that the intrinsic acetylesterase activity of BSA is approximately 300-fold lower than that of Lipase PS, BSA alone is not capable of effective deacetylation. These findings highlight the potential of surface-active proteins to improve biocatalytic transformations of hydrophobic substrates while avoiding purification challenges associated with low-molecular-weight surfactants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"560 ","pages":"Article 109785"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145667203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction, purification, structural characterization, biological activities, applications, and research prospects of Cornus officinalis polysaccharides: a review","authors":"Mingyang Cao ,&nbsp;Ruisen Sun ,&nbsp;Hong Dongchu ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Lin ,&nbsp;Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhao Feiya ,&nbsp;Tao Aien","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cornus officinalis</em> (<em>C. officinalis</em>) is an important plant resource with a long history and a wide range of uses in medicine and food. Polysaccharides are one of the main active components of <em>C. officinalis</em>. Because of its unique and significant anti-tumor, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and many other biological activities, it has received extensive attention from researchers, and its study has become more and more in-depth. Although the phytochemical and bioactive aspects of <em>C. officinalis</em> polysaccharides (COPs) have been extensively studied, a systematic and comprehensive summary of these polysaccharides has not yet been compiled. This lack of summary hinders their full utilization and development. This paper reviews the extraction, purification, structural features, and biological activities, as well as applications of COPs. It also discusses the potential development and future research directions of COPs in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical fields. This paper may provide direction and a theoretical basis for the development of COPs as novel functional foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"560 ","pages":"Article 109786"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145720969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A structurally defined galactoglucan from Arisaema erubescens with a multi-target tumor-associated protein binding domain","authors":"Yue Zhu ,&nbsp;Can Jin ,&nbsp;Kan Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As targeted therapy assumes an increasingly pivotal role in comprehensive cancer treatment, there is a growing imperative to develop natural drugs that exhibit low toxicity and minimal side effects. Polysaccharides derived from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine <em>Arisaema erubescens</em> have been reported to show antitumor potential, however the key structural features and specific molecular targets responsible for their pharmacological effects are still vague. To address this question, a homogeneous polysaccharide TNX05 (<em>Mw</em> ≈ 9 kDa) was obtained and characterized from <em>Arisaema erubescens</em>. Structural analysis suggested that TNX05 was a galactoglucan with a backbone of 1, 4-α-_D-Glc<em>p</em>, 1, 4-β-_D-Glc<em>p</em>, and 1, 3-β-_D-Gal<em>p</em> residues, with side chains—→1-α/β-_D-Glc<em>p</em>-(6 → 1)-α-_D-Glc<em>p</em> and →1)-α-_D-Glc<em>p</em>—substituted at the C-4 and C-6 of the 1, 4-α-_D-Glc<em>p</em> units, respectively. Combining enzymatic hydrolysis, molecular docking, and protein-binding assays we showed a key core domain (TNX05II), which exhibited micromolar-range binding affinity for ten tumor-associated targets: Glypican-6 (GPC-6), glucuronic acid epimerase (Glce), S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4), S100A6, nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 (NME1), fibroblast growth factor 17 (FGF17), proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (SRC), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), Galectin-3 (Gal-3), and protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha (PPP3CA). Additionally, TNX05II was significantly resistant to α-glucosidase degradation. This study suggests a possible key structure-target relationship underlying TNX05's antitumor activity, providing a molecular basis for the antitumor mechanism of Arisaema polysaccharides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"560 ","pages":"Article 109781"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145676638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of gut bacteria and diet on unusual trisaccharides in mouse milk","authors":"Wei-Chien Weng ,&nbsp;Chi-Kung Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Milk free oligosaccharides play critical roles in infant health, supporting beneficial gut microbiota and protecting against pathogens. While most milk free oligosaccharides follow well-characterized biosynthetic pathways initiated by lactose, recent studies have revealed several unusual trisaccharides that deviate from these canonical motifs. To investigate the origin of such atypical milk free trisaccharides, we analyzed the free milk trisaccharide profiles of conventional (microbiota-colonized) and germ-free mice using porous graphitized carbon high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. One unique trisaccharide (compound Gal-β1→4-Glc-β1↔1β-Gal) was present exclusively in conventional mice, suggesting microbial contribution to its biosynthesis. In contrast, several other unusual milk free trisaccharides including Gal-β1→4-Glc-β1→4-Glc, Gal-β1→4-[Glc-α1→2]-Glc and Gal-β1→4-[Gal-β1→2]-Glc were detected in both conventional and germ-free mice, indicating an endogenous production. Comparison of the oligosaccharide Gal-β1→4-Glc-β1→4-Glc isolated from milk of mice fed on the normal diet and those maintained on a cellulose-free diet for four weeks revealed no difference in intensity. It suggests that its formation is independent of dietary cellulose and likely arises from endogenous biosynthetic processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"560 ","pages":"Article 109771"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145660440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review on marine algal polysaccharide-mediated siRNA delivery systems for biofuel production","authors":"Yuvaraj Dinakarkumar ,&nbsp;Panneerselvam Theivendren ,&nbsp;Natarajan Kiruthiga ,&nbsp;J. Jayamuthunagai ,&nbsp;B. Bharathiraja","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine algae remain promising feedstock for renewable biofuel production, yet metabolic bottlenecks such as limited carbon allocation to lipid synthesis, competition from starch pathways, and variable nitrogen assimilation continue to constrain productivity. Small interfering RNA delivered gene silencing offers a targeted route to modulate these pathways, although its application in algae is limited by molecular instability, inconsistent uptake, and poor intracellular retention. This review evaluates marine polysaccharides including alginate, carrageenan, fucoidan, and ulvan as siRNA delivery carriers designed for algal systems, highlighting the structural features that underpin their performance. Alginate contains guluronic rich blocks that support ionic crosslinking with divalent cations to form stable hydrogels that protect and gradually release siRNA. Carrageenan and fucoidan contain dense sulfate groups that promote strong electrostatic binding and stabilisation of siRNA in aquatic culture conditions. Ulvan provides rhamnose and glucuronic acid residues that assist nanoparticle formation and support efficient cellular internalisation. Mechanistic studies in <em>Nannochloropsis</em> and <em>Chlamydomonas</em> show that siRNA mediated knockdown of lipid pathway enzymes such as acetyl CoA carboxylase and diacylglycerol acyltransferase can increase lipid accumulation by around fifteen to thirty five percent. Silencing starch biosynthesis genes further redirects carbon flux towards fatty acid pathways, supported by metabolic flux modelling that predicts enhanced malonyl CoA availability. Critical discussion is included on species dependent uptake variability, ecological considerations, and techno economic constraints linked to polysaccharide extraction and nanoparticle formulation. Emerging advances such as CRISPR RNAi hybrid strategies, AI assisted nanocarrier optimization, and programmable algal gene circuits further strengthen the potential of this platform. Future progress will increasingly rely on integrating polysaccharide based nanocarriers with advances in synthetic biology, dynamic gene circuit design, and AI assisted process modelling. Together, these approaches can enable scalable and precision controlled metabolic engineering in algae, supporting industrial biofuel production and strengthening the technological pathway toward next generation renewable energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"560 ","pages":"Article 109779"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145647363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of DNS, PAHBAH, and BCA colourimetric assays for quantifying reducing sugars","authors":"Lisa Coddens,&nbsp;Charlotte F. De Schepper,&nbsp;Kristof Brijs,&nbsp;Christophe M. Courtin","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Colourimetric assays for quantifying reducing sugars are widely used, including for assessing glycoside hydrolase activities. Consequently, there is a need for reliable high-throughput methodologies. Several protocols have been described in literature, with the most commonly used being the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS), bicinchoninic acid (BCA) and <em>p</em>-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide (PAHBAH) assays. This study presents a comparative evaluation of these assays. Our results show that both the DNS and PAHBAH assays overestimate reducing sugar concentrations mainly due to saccharide degradation under alkaline conditions (pH ≥ 12.9) and high temperatures (100 °C) during the assays. To evaluate the impact of this overestimation, we experimentally measured glycoside hydrolase activity. All three assays overestimated reducing sugar concentrations compared to a reference method, though to varying extents. The BCA assay exhibited the least overestimation, likely due to minimal saccharide degradation under its milder alkaline conditions. It was therefore the most reliable method among those tested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"560 ","pages":"Article 109770"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145660455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biopolymer electrolytes and composites based on chitosan for electrochemical processes: developing technologies, device integration, and ion transport mechanisms","authors":"Mesut Yılmazoğlu ,&nbsp;Tarek Kouka ,&nbsp;İlkay Güzel ,&nbsp;Ozan Coban ,&nbsp;Hikmet Okkay ,&nbsp;Noureddine El Messaoudi ,&nbsp;Mouslim Messali","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitosan, a biopolymer with multifunctionality that occurs naturally from chitin, was found to be an efficacious high-potential platform for building green polymer electrolytes and electrochemical device composite materials. Its inherent properties like dense functional groups, biocompatibility, film-forming nature, and ease of chemical modification, favorably position it as a reliable substitute for conventional synthetic polymers. This review encompasses chitosan-based biopolymer electrolytes and composites, the mechanism of ionic conductance, structural tuning, and their incorporation into high-performance electrochemical devices. The review places particular importance on recent strategies pursued for enhancing ionic conductivity, mechanical stability, and electrochemical performance by chemical functionalization, blending, and nanomaterial inclusion. Particular focus is placed on ion dynamic awareness, proton and cation conducting channels, and polymer–filler interaction for charge transportation optimization. Application domains of fuel cell, battery, supercapacitor, and bioelectronic devices are comprehensively discussed with focus placed on both the achievements and ongoing challenges of chitosan systems. Finally, the review challenges issues of durability, scalability, and sustainability and outlines directions for future material engineering and technology integration. Bridging the gap between fundamental knowledge and real-world applications, this review article serves to illustrate the potential of chitosan-based electrolytes and composites to propel next-generation green and high-performance electrochemical technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"560 ","pages":"Article 109778"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}