Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery最新文献

Aim: Impact of surface conditioner phytic acid (IP6) Er,Cr:YSGG laser (ECYL) methylene blue photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT) on the microleakage and shear bond strength (SBS) of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to primary sound dentin. Material and method: Overall, 80 extracted sound primary molars were collected followed by their submergence in self-cure acrylic resin. The dentin surface was exposed and made flat and was assigned into four groups based on the surface conditioning. Group 1: polyacrylic acid (PAA), Group 2: 1% IP6, Group 3: ECYL, and Group 4: MB-PDT. RMGIC restorative material was bonded to primary dentin. Marginal leakage assessment was performed using silver nitrate. SBS and failure mode assessment were performed using a universal testing machine and stereomicroscope. Mean and standard deviations of SBS and marginal leakage were compared using analysis of variance and multiple comparisons of Tukey's post-hoc test (p < 0.05). Results: MB-PDT treated specimens displayed the highest values of marginal leakage (37.56 ± 1.25 nm) and lowest SBS (7.93 ± 1.03 MPa). However, samples in Group 2 conditioned with IP6 presented the lowest dye penetration score (11.23 ± 1.22 nm) and highest bond strength scores (11.12 ± 0.82 MPa). Conclusions: IP6 and ECYL have proved to be better alternatives in terms of low microleakage and improved SBS scores to PAA as a primary dentin surface conditioner for bonding RMGIC restoration. Conversely, MB-PDT, when employed as a dentin surface conditioner for RMGIC restorations, exhibited suboptimal results, characterized by elevated microleakage and compromised bond strength.

Background: Acne vulgaris is a persistent inflammatory condition affecting the sebaceous unit, in whose pathophysiology the Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) play an important role, and that can have major psychological effects. Objective: The current study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of an innovative fractional microneedle radiofrequency (RFMN) device for acne management in adolescents. Materials and Methods: A total of 21 Caucasian young patients with facial acne of all grades of severity underwent three treatment sessions spaced 15/30 days apart with an RFMN device. The Acne Radar Questionnaire was administered to all patients. The data were represented using Radar graph, and the sample population was distributed in quartiles. The first quartile, the second quartile, and the third quartile were calculated for all patient populations before and at 6 months follow-up (6 MFU). The evaluation of the severity of acne lesions was assessed by using the Global Acne Severity scale. Photographs of patients with acne were acquired with a digital camera before and at 6 MFU after the last treatment session. Results: The mean values of each item of the Acne Radar Questionnaire significantly (p < 0.001) improved for all patients treated. The analyses obtained by the quartiles showed that all variables improved after the treatment with the study device. The photographic images confirm the positive results and the improvement of acne lesions. No major side effects were observed. Conclusions: The study system appears to be an effective and safe treatment choice for patients with inflammatory active acne and acne scarring.

Objective: To evaluate effects of dentin collagen versus Er:YAG laser application through enhancing human periodontal ligament fibroblast (PDLF) cells to attach to intact root surfaces imitating delayed replanted roots. Background Data: Accidental traumatic injuries with teeth avulsion are managed by replantation. Root resorption, poor conditioning, and non-viable fibroblasts are factors responsible for failure. Methods: Thirty six human healthy single-rooted premolars were collected. Six teeth were used for PDLF, six teeth used for dentin collagen, whereas the remaining 24 teeth (48 root slices) were used for PDLF cell density and morphology. Each root was soaked in 5.25% NaOCl. Three groups (n = 16 slices/each) were planned as follows: I: Control (untreated); II: dentin collagen application; III: Er:YAG laser irradiation (4 mm distance, 40 mJ/pulse, under coolant). Following incubation, cell density and morphology of PDLF were investigated under SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance with Scheffé's test, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: All groups showed increased cultured PDLF following incubation. Regarding cell density, attached PDLFs were significantly lower in untreated controls (36.5 ± 6.36) (p < 0.00001 i.e., <0.05) in negative empty and/or light cellular areas, compared with dentin collagen (65 ± 6) and laser-irradiated (66.75 ± 5.77) groups that did not show significant differences (p = 0.940 i.e., >0.05) and showed intermediate and/or heavy cellular areas. Regarding cell morphology, controls showed round and/or oval appearance with less lamellipodia, whereas dentin collagen and laser groups showed flat morphology with cytoplasmic processes. Conclusions: Both dentin collagen and Er:YAG laser showed comparable effectiveness as biomodification tools with good biocompatibility for human PDLF cell attachment on intact root slices imitating delayed replantation. Dentin collagen as a natural bioactive material is considered an alternative to Er:YAG laser to enhance the regenerative effects.

Background and Objective: Colorectal adenocarcinoma is considered one of the major causes of cancer-related lethality among other type of malignancies. Given the several limitations and adverse outcomes of conventional therapeutic regimens against colorectal cancer, the focus of many investigations has been attributed to the introduction of a novel combined regimen with harmless agents. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of combined doxorubicin (DOX) treatment and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Material and Methods: HT-29 cells were exposed to different concentrations of DOX, low-level (630 nm) diode laser, and methylene blue (MB) as a photosensitizer substrate separately and a combination of them. The cytotoxic effect of the DOX, laser, MB, and their combination and the IC50 value for each treatment group were calculated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). The malondialdehyde (MDA) content as a biomarker of the lipid peroxidation process and liberated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme into supernatant was determined. Results: The results of our study evidenced that a combination of photodynamic light (laser plus MB) and DOX caused a significant reduction in the percentage of HT-29 viable cells compared with control and other treatment groups. In addition, this mentioned combination led to a considerable decrease in IC50 of DOX. Increased cell membrane lipid peroxidation and cell destruction processes in the combination therapy group were proven through significant elevation of MDA content and LDH activity in the medium, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggested that DOX combined with PDT had a better therapeutic impact on HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Hence, the simultaneous application of PDT along with antineoplastic drugs improves the chemosensitivity of cancerous cells via the disruption of their membrane and triggering death processes that lead to the decrease of chemotherapeutic agents required doses and undesirable effects.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis main goal was to evaluate the efficacy of photobiomodulation as burn wounds treatment. Methods: Systematic review of literature available in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), and The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and gray literature in Google Scholar, Livivi, and Open Gray. SYRCLE's RoB tool was applied to determine methodological quality and risk of bias, and meta-analysis was performed using the software Review Manager. Results: Fifty-one studies, gathering more than three thousand animals were included in this systematic review, and four studies were selected to the meta-analysis due to their suitability. The results indicated that photobiomodulation was not effective to improve, statistical significantly, wound retraction (SMD = -0.22; 95% CI = -4.19, 3.75; p = 0.91; I² = 92%) or collagen deposition (SMD = -0.02; 95% CI = -2.17, 2.13; p = 0.99; I² = 78%). Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that photobiomodulation, applied in burn wounds, accordingly to the protocols presented by the selected studies, was not effective over analyzed outcomes. However, this conclusion could be further discussed and verified in more homogeneous animal models and human clinical trials.

Background: With the continuous development of Terahertz technology and its high sensitivity to water, Terahertz technology has been widely applied in various research areas within the field of biomedicine, such as research onskin wounds and burns, demonstrating numerous advantages and potential. Objective: The aim of this study is to summarize and conclude the current research status of Terahertz radiation in skin wounds, burns, and melanoma. Additionally, it seeks toreveal the development status of Terahertz in skin wound models and analyze the short comings of Terahertz in detecting such models at the present stage. Methods: We retrieved relevant literature published from the inception of the Web of Science and CNKI databases up to 2024. The search terms included "THz," "Terahertz," "skin," "wound," "burn," and "melanoma." High-quality articles were included after rigorous screening. Results and Conclusions: This review explores the progress of terahertz radiation technology in the treatment and diagnosis of skin wounds and other related diseases. The results of its interaction with skin tissues provide valuable insights for future research. Terahertz radiation imaging has proven to be effective in assessing burn severity, capturing changes in edema, measuring exudates in dressings, assisting in burn grading and detection, and quantifying wound changes over time. Terahertz technology offers significant advantages in trauma assessment, which has accelerated its development and adoption in this field. (4) However, fs-THz radiation has been found to have the potential drawback of affecting wound healing. This finding necessitates careful consideration before application, and further research is warranted to explore its role in burn assessment and other medical applications.

Background: We assessed the efficacy of evaluating palliative resection (R1/R2 resection), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and biliary stenting (stent) alone in the treatment of advanced cholangiocarcinoma using a reticulated meta-analysis. Methods: A systematical retrieval in PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was performed for relative literature on the effects of PDT, palliative resection, and simple biliary stenting in the treatment of advanced cholangiocarcinoma. A literature search updated to January 30, 2024, was performed. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools were used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies, and Addis-1.16 0.6 software for reticulated meta-analysis. Results: The results showed that PDT and palliative resection were superior to biliary stenting alone in improving 1-, 2-, and 3-year survivals, and the incidence of cholangitis. The relative effectiveness of PDT, palliative resection, and biliary stent placement alone in improving survival was as follows: PDT, palliative resection, and biliary stent placement alone. Conclusion: There is no significant difference between PDT and palliative resection in improving patient survival time, and PDT does not increase the incidence of cholangitis.

Objective: To map the literature about photodynamic therapy in treating diabetic foot ulcers. Background: Diabetic foot ulcers get constantly infected, thus culminating in hospitalizations and amputations. Photodynamic therapy is an antimicrobial treatment that may assist in the healing process. Materials and Methods: A search of nine electronic information sources was made as determined by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Two independent researchers accomplished a screening of studies with the support of Rayyan. The data were analyzed through Iramutec®. Results: The sample consisted of 27 studies. Photodynamic therapy was identified as safe and effective, with the ability to reduce pain, edema, exudate, extent of the injury region, microbial load, and the risks of infection, osteomyelitis, and amputations. Conclusions: The capacity of photodynamic therapy to relieve symptoms, decrease risks of complications, and accelerate the healing process highlights its potential positive impact on clinical practice.

Background: This study aimed to explore the differential effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) via 980 nm and 810 nm lasers on the hard tissue healing of rat alveolar sockets, with a focus on a comparative analysis of hard tissue regeneration and osteogenic gene expression. Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of PBM using 980 nm and 810 nm lasers on hard tissue healing of rat alveolar sockets, focusing on hard tissue regeneration and osteogenic gene expression. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats (5 weeks old) had both right and left maxillary first molars extracted. Post extraction, the right alveolar sockets received PBM treatment with either 980 nm (0.3 W, 18 J/cm²) or 810 nm (0.1 W, 6 J/cm²) lasers for seven days, whereas the left sockets served as controls. Rats were euthanized on days 3, 7, 14, and 28 for histopathological, immunohistochemical, micro computed tomography (micro-CT), and quantitative polymerase chain reactionanalyses. Results: On day 3, early granulation tissue, neovascularization, and inflammatory cell aggregates were observed in all groups. By day 7, active osteoclasts and osteoblasts were noted, with a significant increase in CD31-positive cells in the 980 nm group (p < 0.05). Day 14 showed new bone formation, and by day 28, increased cancellous bone and collagen content were present in all groups, with no significant differences between them (p > 0.05). Gene expression analysis revealed higher BMP-2 and Runx-2 levels in laser-treated groups on day 14 (p < 0.05), with the 980 nm group having higher BMP-2 levels than the 810 nm group (p < 0.05). Bone sialoprotein expression was higher in laser-treated groups on days 14 and 28 (p < 0.05), and osteocalcin expression was highest in the 980 nm group on both days (p < 0.05). Micro-CT analysis showed no significant differences among groups in bone mineral density, bone surface (BS)/bone volume (BV), or bone volume (BV)/TV (total volume) indices. Conclusion: PBM with 980 nm and 810 nm lasers promotes early-stage hard tissue healing in extraction sockets, with the 980 nm laser more effectively enhancing osteogenic gene expression, suggesting its potential as an adjunctive therapy in dental and oral surgery.