Current drug delivery最新文献

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Natural compounds derived from plants, such as Ipomoea batatas, have shown therapeutic potential for its treatment.

Methods: A starch-based biopolymer was developed and functionalized with a methanolic extract of Ipomoea batatas (IBM). Its physicochemical properties, such as swelling capacity, encapsulation efficiency, and extract release, were evaluated. In vivo tests were conducted on diabetic Danio rerio using two administration routes: immersion and oral delivery.

Results: The biopolymer exhibited a swelling capacity of 333.03% and an encapsulation efficiency of 47.78%. In the zebrafish model, significant reductions in glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels were observed, along with inhibition of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation in groups treated with IBM and BP-IBM.

Discussion: The results suggest that the biopolymer preserves the chemical integrity of the extract and improves its bioavailability, enabling a significant therapeutic effect. The dual administration routes provide flexibility and demonstrate the efficacy of the delivery system.

Conclusion: The starch-based system functionalized with I. batatas extract proved to be a promising and non-toxic platform for the delivery of bioactive metabolites in type 2 diabetes models, with potential for future therapeutic applications.

Introduction: Capecitabine (CAP) is a chemotherapeutic drug used via oral administration for the management of metastatic cancers of the breast and colon. CAP is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, which inhibits DNA synthesis and slows tumor growth. The objective of the current research was to develop colon-targeting CAP-loaded microsponges by using the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion technique employing Hydroxypropyl Cellulose (HPC) and Ethyl Cellulose (EC) as constituent polymers at different ratios with varying stirring speeds (rpm).

Methods: In the present study, CAP-loaded microsponges were formulated by using the quasiemulsion solvent diffusion method with HPC and EC as polymers at different ratios with varying stirring speeds. The 32-factorial design was used to perform the statistical optimization of CAPloaded microsponges. The in vivo pharmacokinetic study of the optimized formulation of CAP-loaded microsponges was performed using Albino Wistar Rats.

Results: Based on the statistical optimization, the F1 formulation prepared using a 1:1 ratio of HPC and EC with 1000 rpm stirring speed was selected for its effective drug release (31.13 ± 1.73% after 8 hours and 69.57 ± 2.53% after 12 hours) and the highest drug entrapment efficiency (73.09 ± 3.54%). The high Cmax, low tmax, and 1.48-fold improvement in AUC0-∞ indicated that the optimized formulation of CAP-loaded microsponges, compared to an aqueous solution of CAP, revealed a significant (p<0.05) improvement in bioavailability of CAP when administered orally.

Discussion: These findings indicated the potential delivery of CAP by these CAP-loaded microsponges to the colon, enabling sustained delivery and improving the bioavailability of CAP. However, comparative evaluation with existing market formulation and stability studies is essential to validate its therapeutic implications.

Conclusion: The developed CAP-loaded microsponges could serve as an effective carrier for the sustained release of CAP, thereby improving the oral bioavailability of CAP for the management of colon cancer.

Introduction: One of the least invasive, recognized potential routes for both local and systemic drug delivery and the most patient-friendly methods of administering therapeutic agents is transdermal drug delivery. It minimizes gastrointestinal side effects, prevents hepatic first-pass metabolism, lowers dosage frequency, and boosts patient compliance.

Objective: This review aims to examine the nanostructured systems for transdermal drug delivery, focusing on their types, design, development and mechanism in enhancing drug permeation through the skin.

Methods: This review article synthesized findings from recent studies on nanostructured systems used in transdermal drug delivery systems. With a particular focus on offering a comprehensive understanding of transdermal drug delivery methods and augmentation strategies, the author examines current trends and potential uses of transdermal technologies.

Results: Nanostructured systems have shown increased drug penetration, improved bioavailability and controlled release profiles.

Conclusion: Nanostructured systems offer a versatile and effective approach to overcoming the limitations of traditional transdermal drug delivery methods. Future research should focus on optimizing these systems for clinical applications, ensuring safety and regulatory compliance.

There are a variety of biodegradable polymers, including natural polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, etc., in animals and plants, as well as some polymers that are synthesized by microorganisms, such as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate). At present, the most common polymers are those that are artificially synthesized, such as polyethylene glycol, polylactic acid, and polycaprolactone. These polymers can degrade via hydrolytic and enzymatic processes in the body into low-molecular-weight products that are then reabsorbed or excreted, making them the most suitable materials for the synthesis of biodegradable nanoparticles. Biodegradable polymers can react with other substances to form nanocomposites, which have superior biocompatibility, degradability, and safety. Biodegradable polymer-based nanocomposites exhibit targeting capabilities, including passive (enhanced permeability and retention effect), active (ligand-receptor interactions), tumor microenvironment-responsive, and external stimulus-responsive (e.g., magnetic, electric, and lightdriven) targeting. In addition, synthesized biodegradable nanomaterials can alter the solubility of the loaded drug and improve its bioavailability. Thus, these materials have been widely used in drug delivery systems. This review aimed to summarize the recent advances in biodegradable polymeric nanomaterials for biomedical drug delivery, analyze their design advantages and clinical translation potential, and explore their future prospects and challenges in precision therapy and targeted delivery.

Nanotechnology has transformed drug delivery systems, leading to the creation of various nanocarriers that offer significant advantages over traditional methods. This review explores key techniques and methods for producing nanocarriers like liposomes, niosomes, dendrimers, nanocapsules, carbon nanotubes, polymeric micelles, and solid lipid nanoparticles. Operating within the nanoscale range (1-100 nm), these nanocarriers enhance drug efficacy, reduce side effects, and improve bioavailability. Liposomes are generated using methods, such as the Bangham procedure, solvent injection, and microfluidic channels. Nanocarriers have become fundamental to sophisticated drug delivery systems, providing improved precision, regulated release, and targeted therapeutic administration. Innovative methods, such as microfluidics and nanoprecipitation, have enhanced the scalability and consistency of nanocarriers, while progress in surface engineering, including ligand conjugation and stimuli-responsive coatings, facilitates improved targeting and controlled drug release. The advancement of biocompatible and biodegradable nanomaterials, including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and dendrimers, has broadened the clinical utility of nanocarriers, especially in oncology, neurology, and gene therapy. This review underscores the versatility and potential of these nanocarriers in advancing drug delivery, emphasizing their capacity for targeted, efficient, and controlled therapeutic interventions.

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignant cancer worldwide, but the chemotherapy drugs used in the treatment of HCC patients have limited efficacy and cause severe side effects. To improve HCC treatment outcomes, a cancer cell membrane (CCM)-coated biomimetic nanodelivery system was designed to achieve enhanced anti-HCC effects.

Methods: Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was used to carry both sorafenib, which is used to treat advanced HCC, and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). The prepared nanoparticles (NPs) were coated with Huh-7 cell membranes to obtain biomimetic nanoparticles (SFINPs@CCM). The physicochemical properties of SFINPS@CCM were then characterized, and the drug loading efficiency, release rate, transverse relaxation rate for MRI, fluorescence targeting ability, and anti-HCC ability were evaluated.

Results: The SFINPS@CCM were successfully prepared. The loading efficiency of sorafenib in the SFINPs was 88.24%. The cumulative amount of sorafenib released from the SFINPs@CCM at 72 h was 72.96%. In vitro magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the transverse relaxation rate was 25.448 mM-1 s-1. Meanwhile, the fluorescent tracing verified the homologous targeting ability of SFINPs@CCM to Huh-7 cells. The cytotoxicity of SFINPS@CCM was 29.48±5.74%, which was significantly higher than that of the SFINPs.

Discussion: The study indicates that the SFINPs@CCM system achieves efficient drug delivery and enhances anti-HCC efficacy. While the results are encouraging, further research is needed to confirm broader applicability.

Conclusion: The biomimetic nanodelivery system exhibits good targeting and excellent therapeutic effects, laying a technical foundation for preclinical studies.

Introduction: Difficulty in wound healing is a significant worldwide clinical challenge with serious health consequences and even life-threatening consequences. We designed an acrylic hydrogel loaded with metformin and investigated its mechanism of action in promoting wound repair.

Methods: In this study, we obtained self-assembled metformin hydrogels (SAMHs) delivery system using acrylic acid (AA) as matrix and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator, and evaluated the appearance, water vapor transmission rate, swelling properties, mechanical properties, and bioactivities of the SAMHs, and finally assessed the potential of the SAMHs for the treatment of chronic wounds in a diabetic rat wound model.

Results: SAMHs were colorless and transparent in appearance, with a water vapor transmission rate of 3530 g·m-2·day-1, a dissolution rate of 504%, a Young's modulus of 34 Kpa, and an elongation at break of 595.7%.The drug loading capacity of SAMHs was 0.8±0.04 mg·g-1 and the cumulative release amounted to 71.67±2.03%. In vivo experiments showed that on day 14, the SAMHs group achieved a wound healing rate of 96.74%, with complete epithelialization, a collagen fiber content of 75.10%, elevated VEGF expression, and a TNF-α level of 162.62 pg·mL⁻¹, all of which exhibited significant differences compared to the control group.

Discussion: SAMHs exhibit excellent performance in several aspects, achieving slow drug release and promoting wound repair. In addition, SAMHs are simple and low-cost to prepare, which is expected to bring more cost-effective treatment options for diabetic patients. However, antimicrobial properties and clinical trial data are lacking in this study, and their applicability in complex wounds requires further validation.

Conclusion: The hydrogel we prepared has excellent properties, is suitable for use in chronic wounds and promotes wound healing in diabetic rats and is an effective therapeutic strategy for chronic wounds.

Due to certain limitations of traditional therapies, millions of people all over the world suffering from chronic wounds are exploring new treatments. As single-layer nanofibers cannot meet different wound surface needs, multifunctional nanofibers with drug combinations surpass the limitation of conventional drug-polymer combinations. Traditional wound therapies have several limitations, prompting the search for more effective alternatives, particularly for chronic wounds. Singlelayer nanofibers often fail to meet diverse wound-healing needs, whereas multifunctional nanofibers, incorporating drug combinations, overcome these limitations. Polymers, widely used in nanofiber formulations, exhibit immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, enhancing the woundhealing process. However, due to a lack of certain biological properties, researchers have formed hybrid polymers, which are a combination of natural and synthetic polymers to meet wound healing requirements. Despite their advantages in biocompatibility and tunable mechanical properties, the clinical translation of polymer-based nanofibers faces challenges in regulatory approval and largescale production. Most studies are still limited to in vitro evaluations, and standardized in vivo models or human trials are necessary to validate their long-term efficacy. Additionally, to meet FDA and DRAP guidelines, these materials must undergo rigorous biodegradation and cytotoxicity assessments before clinical adoption. Owing to several bioactive components (e.g., vitamins, polyphenols) in structures of herbal extract, they have excellent anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Nanofibrous scaffolds of herbal extracts are in prominence and can have a multi-target synergistic impact. Among several treatments for repairing wounds, growth factors have also been proven as an effective treatment for active healing. This review will provide the researchers with a holistic view of recently reported novel multifunctional nanofibers composed of different combinations of drugs, polymers, herbal extracts, growth factors, and biomolecules to promote wound healing. Although several multifunctional nanofibers have been prepared and shown excellent properties for wound healing therapy, still development of multifunctional nanofibers still needs to be focused on. In a nutshell, multifunctional nanofibers have become very famous in the wound healing process, and a better scale-up of these nanofibers in the coming era will result in commercialization, and products of these nanofibers will become more popular.

Objective: This study aims to fabricate dual drug-loaded nanofibrous films made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan, incorporating cefadroxil and mupirocin to meet the critical needs of burn wound care.

Methods: Electrospinning was utilized to fabricate cefadroxil- and mupirocin-loaded polyvinyl alcohol PVA/Chitosan nanofibers. Characterization of structural and morphological properties of these nanofibers was done through Fourier Transform IR Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Thermal analysis by TGA, and XRD spectroscopy. The kinetic profiles of the drug release mechanisms were considered to determine the release of cefadroxil and mupirocin. Antibacterial activity was determined against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while the wound healing efficacy was tested in a rabbit model using full-thickness wounds.

Results: SEM analysis demonstrated the formation of uniform and smooth nanofibers possessing a well-defined morphology. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the successful incorporation of cefadroxil and mupirocin into the PVA/Chitosan matrix. TGA analysis indicated the thermal stability of the nanofibers, while XRD results suggested that the drugs were either molecularly dispersed or in an amorphous state within the biopolymeric blend. Drug release studies showed distinct profiles, with an initial burst release followed by sustained drug release. Over 80% of mupirocin was released within the first 2 hours, while cefadroxil exhibited a cumulative release exceeding 60%. Antibacterial assays showed significant inhibition zones, with the largest being 20 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. In vivo studies utilizing a full-thickness rabbit wound model revealed that the drug-loaded nanofibers accelerated wound contraction, achieving approximately 90% closure by day 17, compared to less than 70% for the control.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates that cefadroxil-mupirocin nanofiber films provide superior antibacterial activity and faster wound healing rates, highlighting their potential in advanced burn wound management.