Current drug delivery最新文献

Background: Breviscapine (BVP) is one of the extracts of several flavonoids of Erigeron breviscapus, which has been widely used in the treatment of cerebral infarction and its sequelae, cerebral thrombus, coronary heart disease, and angina pectoris. But BVP has poor solubility.

Objective: The objective of the study is to develop mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) that can be loaded with a drug with poor water solubility. The MSNs, which were designed for oral administration, enhanced both the dissolution rate and drug loading capacity.

Methods: The use of MSNs as an oral drug delivery system was investigated by SEM, TEM, BETBJH, XRD, FT-IR, and HPLC. Additionally, we examined the oral bioavailability of BVP loaded onto MSNs and examined the cellular cytotoxicity of MSNs.

Results: The results indicate that the oral bioavailability of BVP after loading onto MSNs was greater than that of a marketed product. Furthermore, we studied the mechanism by which MSNs enhance the oral absorption of BVP.

Conclusion: MSNs have the potential to enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs by accelerating the drug dissolution rate.

Respiratory disorders, such as tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, and pulmonary inflammation, are among the most prevalent ailments in today's world. Dextran, an exopolysaccharide formed by Leuconostoc mesenteroides (slimeproducing bacteria), and its derivatives are investigated for several therapeutic utilities. Dextranbased drug delivery system can become an innovative strategy in the treatment of several respiratory ailments as it offers numerous advantages, such as mucolytic action, airway hydration, antiinflammatory properties, and radioprotective effect as compared to other polysaccharides. Being biocompatible, flexible hydrophilic nature, biodegradable, tasteless, odourless, non-mutagenic, watersoluble and non-toxic edible polymer, dextran-based drug delivery systems have been explored for a wide range of therapeutic applications, especially in lungs and respiratory diseases. The present article comprehensively discusses various derivatives of dextran with their attributes to be considered for drug delivery and extensive therapeutic benefits, with a special emphasis on the armamentarium of dextran-based formulations for the treatment of respiratory disorders and associated pathological conditions. The information provided will act as a platform for formulation scientists as important considerations in designing therapeutic approaches for lung and respiratory diseases. With an emphasis on lung illnesses, this article will offer an in-depth understanding of dextran-based delivery systems in respiratory illnesses.

Background: Although nucleation kinetic data is quite important for the concept of supersaturation behavior, its part in rationalizing the crystallization inhibitor has not been well understood.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the nucleation kinetic profile of Dextromethorphan HBr (as an ideal drug, BCS-II) by measuring liquid-liquid phase segregation, nucleation induction time, and Metastable Zone width.

Methods: Surfeit action was examined by a superfluity assay of the drug. The concentration was scrutinized by light scattering techniques (UV spectrum (novel method) and Fluorometer (CL 53)).

Results: The drug induction time was 20 min without polymer and 90 and 110 min with polymers, such as HPMC K15M and Xanthan Gum, respectively. Therefore, the order of the polymer's ability to inhibit nucleation was Xanthan Gum > HPMC K15M in the medium (7.4 pH). Similarly, the drug induction time was 30 min without polymer and 20, 110, and 90 min with polymers, such as Sodium CMC, HPMC K15M, and Xanthan Gum, respectively. Therefore, the order of the polymer's ability to inhibit nucleation was HPMC K15M > Xanthan Gum > Sodium CMC in SIFsp (6.8 pH), which synchronizes the polymer's potentiality to interdict the drug precipitation.

Conclusion: The HPMC K15M and xanthan Gum showed the best crystallization inhibitor effect for the maintenance of superfluity conditions till the drug absorption time. The xanthan gum is based on the "glider" concept, and this shows the novelty of this preliminary research. The screening methodology used for rationalizing the best polymers used in the superfluity formulations development successfully.

Currently, fungal infections are becoming more prevalent worldwide. Subsequently, many antifungal agents are available to cure diseases like pemphigus, athlete's foot, acne, psoriasis, hyperpigmentation, albinism, and skin cancer. Still, they fall short due to pitfalls in physiochemical properties. Conventional medications like lotion, creams, ointments, poultices, and gels are available for antifungal therapy but present many shortcomings. They are associated with drug retention and poor penetration problems, resulting in drug resistance, hypersensitivity, and diminished efficacy. On the contrary, nanoformulations have gained tremendous potential in overcoming the drawbacks of conventional delivery. Furthermore, the potential breakthroughs of nanoformulations are site-specific targeting. It has improved bioavailability, patient-tailored approach, reduced drug retention and hypersensitivity, and improved skin penetration. Nowadays, nanoformulations are gaining popularity for antifungal therapy against superficial skin infections. Nanoformulations-based liposomes, niosomes, nanosponges, solid lipid nanoparticles, and potential applications have been explored for antifungal therapy due to enhanced activity and reduced toxicity. Researchers are now more focused on developing patient-oriented target-based nano delivery to cover the lacunas of conventional treatment with higher immune stimulatory effects. Future direction involves the construction of novel nanotherapeutic devices, nanorobotics, and robust methods. In addition, for the preparations of nanoformulations for clinical studies, animal modeling solves the problems of antifungal therapy. This review describes insights into various superficial fungal skin infections and their potential applications, nanocarrier-based drug delivery, and mechanism of action. In addition, it focuses on regulatory considerations, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, clinical trials, patents, challenges, and future inputs for researchers to improve antifungal therapy.

Although the brain is very accessible to nutrition and oxygen, it can be difficult to deliver medications to malignant brain tumours. To get around some of these issues and enable the use of therapeutic pharmacological substances that wouldn't typically cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), convection-enhanced delivery (CED) has been developed. It is a cutting-edge strategy that gets beyond the blood-brain barrier and enables targeted drug administration to treat different neurological conditions such as brain tumours, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. Utilizing pressure gradients to spread the medicine across the target area is the main idea behind this diffusion mechanism. Through one to several catheters positioned stereotactically directly within the tumour mass, around the tumour, or in the cavity created by the resection, drugs are given. This method can be used in a variety of drug classes, including traditional chemotherapeutics and cutting-edge investigational targeted medications by using positive-pressure techniques. The drug delivery volume must be optimized for an effective infusion while minimizing backflow, which causes side effects and lowers therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, this technique provides a promising approach for treating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS).

Mannose, an isomer of glucose, exhibits a distinct molecular structure with the same formula but a different atom arrangement, contributing to its specific biological functions. Widely distributed in body fluids and tissues, particularly in the nervous system, skin, testes, and retinas, mannose plays a crucial role as a direct precursor for glycoprotein synthesis. Glycoproteins, essential for immune regulation and glycosylation processes, underscore the significance of mannose in these physiological activities. The clinical and biomedical applications of mannose are diverse, encompassing its anti-inflammatory properties, potential to inhibit bacterial infections, role in metabolism regulation, and suggested involvement in alleviating diabetes and obesity. Additionally, mannose shows promise in antitumor effects, immune modulation, and the construction of drug carriers, indicating a broad spectrum of therapeutic potential. The article aims to present a comprehensive review of mannose, focusing on its molecular structure, metabolic pathways, and clinical and biomedical applications, and also to emphasize its status as a promising therapeutic agent.

Cancer is the deadliest and most serious health problem. The mortality rate of cancer patients has increased significantly worldwide in recent years. There are several treatments available, but these treatments have many limitations, such as non-specific targeting, toxicity, bioavailability, solubility and permeability problems, serious side effects, and a higher dose. Many people prefer phytomedicine because it has fewer side effects. However, amygdalin is a naturally occurring phytoconstituent. It has many harmful effects due to the cyanide group present in the chemical structure. Many scientists and researchers have given their thoughts associated with amygdalin and its toxicities. However, there is a need for a more advanced, effective, and newer delivery system for amygdalin to reduce its toxic effect. Nanotechnology has become a more refined and emerging medical approach, offering innovative ways to treat cancer. This review focuses on the use of amygdaline as herbal medicine encapsulating into several nanoparticulate delivery systems such as silver nanoparticles, graphene oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanocomposites, niosomes, and magnetic nanoparticles in the treatment of cancer. In addition, this article provides information on amygdalin structure and physical properties, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and challenges with amygdalin.

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and aggressive malignant tumor that affects the central nervous system, with high mortality and low survival. Glioblastoma multiforme treatment includes resection tumor surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy adjuvants. However, the drugs used in chemotherapy present some limitations, such as the difficulty of crossing the bloodbrain barrier and resisting the cellular mechanisms of drug efflux. The use of polymeric nanoparticles has proven to be an effective alternative to circumvent such limitations, as it allows the exploration of a range of polymeric structures that can be modified in order to control the biodistribution and cytotoxic effect of the drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles are nanometric in size and allow the incorporation of targeting ligands on their surface, favoring the transposition of the blood-brain barrier and the delivery of the drug to specific sites, increasing the selectivity and safety of chemotherapy. The present review has described the characteristics of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(lactic-coglycolic acid), poly(ethylene glycol), poly(β-amino ester), and poly(ε-caprolactone), which are some of the most commonly used polymers in the manufacture of nanoparticles for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. In addition, some of the main targeting ligands used in these nanosystems are presented, such as transferrin, chlorotoxin, albumin, epidermal growth factor, and epidermal growth factor receptor blockers, explored for the active targeting of antiglioblastoma agents.

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