Current drug delivery最新文献

Cancer represents a diverse and complex spectrum of diseases characterized by the abnormal growth and proliferation of cells, establishing a formidable global health challenge. Within the array of diverse cancers, breast cancer arises as one of the primary contributors to cancer-related fatalities in females. Breast cysts, thickenings, alterations in breast size or form, etc., are all prevalent and well-known signs of breast cancer. Despite remarkable progression in cancer research and the abundance of potent drugs, the effectiveness of conventional therapy is still hindered by various complications. In this avenue, nanocarriers present considerable promise for delivering therapeutics to cancerous cells, however, still numerous challenges persist in achieving successful targeted drug delivery and localization. Recent progress has emphasized the utilization of ligand-functionalized nanocarriers to enhance the delivery at target tissues and improve uptake by cancer cells. This approach contributes to increased accuracy and efficacy, which ultimately leads to enhanced patient outcomes. Lactoferrin, a multifunctional glycoprotein, is currently receiving significant attention as a promising ligand for targeted drug delivery in cancerous cells, especially breast cancer cells. This review provides new insight into ligand-targeted therapy, emphasizing the key benefits and notable features of utilizing lactoferrin as a targeting ligand for delivering drug-loaded nanocarriers to tumor sites.

Background: Influenza, a seasonal infectious disease, has consistently posed a formidable challenge to global health in recent years. Favipiravir, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, serves as an anti-influenza medication, currently administered solely in oral form for clinical use. However, achieving an effective therapeutic outcome often necessitates high oral doses, which can be accompanied by adverse effects and suboptimal patient adherence.

Objective: To enhance favipiravir delivery efficiency and potentially mitigate dosage-related side effects, this study aimed to formulate favipiravir as a dry powder for pulmonary inhalation, facilitating direct targeting of lung tissue.

Methods: Employing L-leucine as a carrier, favipiravir was prepared as an inhalable dry powder through the spray-drying technique. A 3x3 full-factorial design approach was adopted to optimize the formulation. The optimized spray-dried powder underwent comprehensive characterization, including assessments of its morphology, crystallinity, flowability, and aerodynamic particle size distribution. The therapeutic efficacy of the powder was evaluated in a mouse model infected with the H1N1 influenza virus.

Results: The formulated powder demonstrated good aerosol properties, rendering it suitable for inhalation delivery. Its therapeutic efficacy was demonstrated in the mouse model, where it exhibited marked protective effects against the virus in vivo after 5 days of treatment. Notably, the inhalation dose required (15 mg/kg/day) was significantly lower than the oral gavage dose (150 mg/kg/day), indicating that substantially reduced doses, when administered via inhalation, were sufficient to confer protection against mortality in mice.

Conclusion: The findings underscore the potential of inhalation therapy using spray-dried favipiravir powder as an effective and efficient treatment option for influenza, offering the promise of reduced dosing requirements and associated adverse effects.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) effectively blocks most drugs from entering the central nervous system, posing significant challenges to the treatment of brain diseases, such as cerebrovascular disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, and brain tumors. In recent years, biomimetic braintargeted drug delivery systems (BBDDSs) have garnered substantial attention for their potential to overcome these obstacles. BBDDSs employ natural biological materials in combination with synthetic nanoparticles to create delivery systems that mimic endogenous biological processes, enabling the penetration of the BBB and facilitating brain-targeting efficacy. This paper reviews the preparation of BBDDS using cell membranes, proteins, lipoproteins, peptides, nanovesicles, and viruses, introduces their applications in various diseases, and outlines current challenges and future prospects for the use of BBDDS in therapeutic interventions.

Objective: Exosomes are unique bio-nanomaterials possessing significant value and potential for drug delivery systems. However, to date, no bibliometric studies in this field have been reported. Our aim is to explore the research hotspots and trends of exosome drug-carrying systems across various medical fields through bibliometric analyses.

Methods: Articles and reviews related to "exosome" and "drug delivery" are retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Scimago Graphica, and Origin 2021 are employed for bibliometric analyses.

Results: A total of 771 articles from 60 countries, such as China and the United States, are included. The number of papers concerning exosomal drug delivery systems has been increasing yearly. The main research institutions are the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Fudan University, and Sichuan University. The Journal of Controlled Release is the most prevalent and frequently cited journal in this field. These papers are authored by 247 individuals, with Ando, Hidenori having the highest number of publications and Alvarez-Erviti L receiving the most citations. "Extracellular vesicles", "drug delivery", "in vitro", "nanoparticles", "cells", "delivery", and "mesenchymal stem cells" are the principal keywords for this hotspot.

Conclusion: This pioneering bibliometric study offers a comprehensive overview of the research trends and advancements in exosomal drug delivery systems in medicine over the past fifteen years.

Introduction: The incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer are high; therefore, developing new drug delivery systems with good biocompatibility and targeting has become a research hotspot.

Methods: Mitoxantrone hydrochloride (MH) loaded in acidic Panax notoginseng polysaccharide III nanoparticles (MANPs) was prepared using electrostatic adsorption. This was achieved by loading MH in acidic Panax notoginseng polysaccharide III (APPN III), a natural compound that exhibits anti-tumor activity. Response surface methodology was used to determine the parameters for the best formulation.

Results: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry indicated that MH in MANPs was amorphous and exhibited good encapsulation efficiency in the carrier. Findings from dynamic dialysis confirmed that MANPs exhibited slow drug release at pH 6.8 and over the pH range of 7.2-7.4. In vitro experiments confirmed the anti-tumor effects of MANPs on H22 cells based on the inhibition of cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis. MANPs also demonstrated an obvious anti-tumor effect without any toxicity in H22 tumor-bearing mice. This effect could be attributed to APPN III enhancing the immune system and exerting a synergistic anti-tumor effect in combination with MH, thereby alleviating MH-induced damage to the immune system in H22 tumorbearing mice.

Conclusion: As a nano-carrier prepared using natural resources, APPN III shows immense potential in the field of drug delivery and could serve as a novel option for the effective delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs.

Background: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with a specific size range of 15-70 nm are usually considered nontoxic substances with superior antibacterial activity, making them strong candidates for wound dressing applications. Although SPIONs have significant antibacterial activity, their ability to treat infected wounds still needs to be explored.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to synthesize antibacterial SPIONs (G-SPIONs) using aqueous garlic extract as a bioreducing agent and evaluate the synthesized G-SPIONsincorporated nanohydrogel for wound healing potential.

Methods: Synthesized G-SPIONs were characterized by SEM, zeta potential, VSM, FTIR, etc. The antibacterial effects of G-SPIONs were evaluated against S. epidermidis, S. aureus, and E. coli, as compared to garlic extract. The synthesized G-SPIONs were further incorporated into the chitosanbased hydrogel (ChiG-SPIONs) to assess their wound healing potential using the in vivo rat model.

Results: The synthesized G-SPIONs had a positive surface charge of +3.82 mV and were spherical, with sizes ranging between 20-80 nm. Additionally, their hemo-biocompatible nature was confirmed by hemolysis assay. The magnetic nature of synthesized G-SPIONs was investigated using a vibrating sample magnetometer, and the saturation magnetization (Ms) was found to be 53.793emu/g. The in vivo wound healing study involving rats revealed a wound contraction rate of around 95% with improved skin regeneration. The histopathological examination demonstrated a faster rate of reepithelialization with regeneration of blood vessels and hair follicles.

Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the developed ChiG-SPIONs could be a novel and efficient nanohydrogel dressing material for the effective management of wound infections.

Gemcitabine (Gem) is a well-known antineoplastic drug used for several solid tumors. The clinical application of gem is hampered owing to non-selectivity, short half-life, and drug resistance, which necessitate the development of a suitable novel formulation that can selectively target cancer sites. In the present work, Gem-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (Gem-BSANPs) have been prepared and coated with hyaluronic acid (HA-Gem-BSANPs). Particle size, zeta potential, TEM, and DSC analysis characterized the developed NPs. The mean particle size, PDI, and zeta potentials were observed to be 120.9 ± 5.87 vs 144.7 ± 5.67 and 28.66 ± 1.10 vs -45.72 ± 3.24, for Gem-BSANPs and HA-Gem-BSANPs, respectively. Interestingly, HA-coated Gem-BSANPs were found higher cytotoxic against A549 cell lines with better killing kinetics and mitochondrial membrane loss due to overexpression of CD44. The present work demonstrated that HA-Gem-BSANPs could be a potential strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of gem by selectively targeting to the tumor site.

In recent years, there have been notable strides in developing mRNA vaccines, resulting in the creation of potent immunizations against diverse diseases. This review examines the most recent advancements in this field, focusing on their implications for future vaccine development. The pursuit of heightened vaccine efficacy is investigated through cutting-edge methods in adjuvant selection, delivery system optimization, and antigen selection. The review also explores the potential for personalized vaccines based on genetic profiles, along with the latest techniques to ensure vaccine stability and extend shelf life. Highlighting the versatility of mRNA vaccines in addressing emerging infectious diseases and their variations, the review underscores the significance of swift response plans and advanced technologies to counter evolving viral mutations. In summary, this in-depth analysis emphasizes how mRNA vaccines hold transformative potential in reshaping both therapeutic and preventive strategies. Notable achievements include the creation of extremely potent mRNA vaccinations against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic. Ongoing efforts to address challenges like long-term immune protection and increase the effectiveness and stability of mRNA vaccines are also discussed. This review's main goal is to provide a thorough summary of current advancements in mRNA vaccine technology while exploring how these advances may impact future approaches to treating and preventing different diseases.

Recent advancements in nanotherapeutics have revolutionized cancer treatment through the integration of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, known as theranostics. This critical review examines the current landscape of nanotherapeutics for various cancers, such as bladder and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, highlighting current advancements in nanotherapeutics and challenges. Key approaches discussed include biomimetic smart nanocarriers, polymeric smart nanocarriers, inorganic-based smart nanocarriers, and nanorobots. Furthermore, diverse nanomaterials have been explored in theranostics, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles such as quantum dots and mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Furthermore, the integration of imaging techniques such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and positron emission tomography (PET) with therapeutic nanoparticles has been analyzed for potential clinical applications.

Background: Overcoming the poor aqueous solubility of small-molecule drugs is a major challenge in developing clinical pharmaceuticals. Felodipine (FLDP), an L-type calcium calcium channel blocker, is a poorly water-soluble drug.

Objectives: The study aimed to explore the potential applications of polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol (Soluplus) stabilized amorphous dispersions for augmenting the oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs.

Methods: Soluplus-stabilized amorphous FLDP (FLDP-SSAs) was prepared using a two-phase mixing method. The samples were analyzed for their microscopic and macroscopic behavior using polarized light microscopy (PLM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), molecular simulation, and in vitro dissolution studies. Subsequently, the pharmacokinetics of FLDP-SSAs were evaluated.

Results: The maximum drug-to-Soluplus mass ratio of FLDP-SSAs was 50:50, with a drug concentration of 8.0 mg/mL. They exhibited an amorphous nature, as confirmed by PLM and DSC. FLDPSSAs generated nanoparticles with a particle size of approximately 50 nm during in vitro dissolution. Compared to FLDP oral solution, FLDP-SSAs exhibited higher solubility due to their amorphous nature and the generation of nanoparticles. The area under the curve (AUC) for oral FLDP-SSAs was 16.7-fold larger than that of the FLDP suspension.

Conclusion: FLDP-SSAs could stabilize FLDP in an amorphous state and serve as drug carriers to enhance oral absorption.