Current drug delivery最新文献

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS) have gained attention as a viable substitute for traditional drug administration methods because of their controlled release capabilities and non-invasive design. Microneedles are a new and effective technology that has attracted a lot of attention recently to enhance the capabilities of TDDS further. The study on microneedles and their potential to improve transdermal medication delivery is thoroughly reviewed in this review article. The study initiates by clarifying the difficulties linked to traditional medication delivery techniques and the benefits provided by transdermal channels. The article then explores the development of microneedle technology, outlining the several kinds of microneedles-solid, hollow, and dissolving-as well as their uses. Because of their special capacity to penetrate the skin's protective layer painlessly and their ability to distribute drugs precisely and precisely, microneedles are a highly useful instrument in pharmaceutical research. The materials, geometry, and manufacturing processes that affect the design and creation of microneedles are critically analyzed and presented. The manuscript delves into the latest developments in microneedle technology, encompassing the utilization of biodegradable polymers, smart materials, and sensing components for in-the-- moment monitoring. This analysis concludes by highlighting the noteworthy advancements in the field of microneedles and their potential to transform transdermal drug delivery systems. This thorough knowledge seeks to further the current discussion in pharmaceutical research, encouraging creativity and opening the door for the creation of safer, more effective drug delivery systems.

The eye is a most delicate organ protected by several complex biological barriers that are static and dynamic. The presence of these ocular barriers retards drug absorption from topically applied dosage forms at the conjunctival sac. The efficient topical delivery of the drug into the globe is more difficult to achieve and there is a need to develop a topical formulation that may reduce the use of injections and increase patient compliance with decreased frequency of administration. In the advancements of research in nanotechnology, nanoemulsions can be used as biocompatible carriers to deliver the drug to the ocular cavity. The lipophilic globules can increase the solubility of hydrophobic cargos which provides increased permeation ability and ocular bioavailability which can sustain drug release and corneal retention. Because of their small size, these formulations do not cause blurring of vision. Nanoemulsions (NEs) over the past decade have been used to treat several ocular diseases in the anterior eye segment. This review summarizes the economic burden, pathology of ocular diseases, formulation considerations for ocular formulations, and recent advances of these NEs as effective carriers for ocular drug delivery highlighting their performance in pre-clinical studies.

Drug transporters are critical factors influencing the pharmacokinetics of drugs under hypoxic conditions. Studies have shown significant changes in drug transporter levels in the hypoxic environment. In addition to being regulated by HIF-1, nuclear receptors, and inflammatory factors, hypoxia can also regulate transporters through epigenetic modifications, thereby affecting drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the role of epigenetic modifications in regulating drug transporters under hypoxic conditions at high altitude. In this paper, we comprehensively review the effects of hypoxia on drug transporters and epigenetic modifications and explore the regulatory mechanism of epigenetic modifications on drug transporter expression under hypoxic conditions. The aim is to provide a reference for exploring the epigenetic regulation mechanism of drug transporter expression in the hypoxic environment at high altitude, and then guide the study of pharmacokinetics and promote effective and safe medication at high altitude.

Nanoliposomal formulations, utilizing lipid bilayers to encapsulate therapeutic agents, hold promise for targeted drug delivery. Recent studies have explored the application of machine learning (ML) techniques in this field. This study aims to elucidate the motivations behind integrating ML into liposomal formulations, providing a nuanced understanding of its applications and highlighting potential advantages. The review begins with an overview of liposomal formulations and their role in targeted drug delivery. It then systematically progresses through current research on ML in this area, discussing the principles guiding ML adaptation for liposomal preparation and characterization. Additionally, the review proposes a conceptual model for effective ML incorporation. The review explores popular ML techniques, including ensemble learning, decision trees, instance- based learning, and neural networks. It discusses feature extraction and selection, emphasizing the influence of dataset nature and ML method choice on technique relevance. The review underscores the importance of supervised learning models for structured liposomal formulations, where labeled data is essential. It acknowledges the merits of K-fold cross-validation but notes the prevalent use of single train/test splits in liposomal formulation studies. This practice facilitates the visualization of results through 3D plots for practical interpretation. While highlighting the mean absolute error as a crucial metric, the review emphasizes consistency between predicted and actual values. It clearly demonstrates ML techniques' effectiveness in optimizing critical formulation parameters such as encapsulation efficiency, particle size, drug loading efficiency, polydispersity index, and liposomal flux. In conclusion, the review navigates the nuances of various ML algorithms, illustrating ML's role as a decision support system for liposomal formulation development. It proposes a structured framework involving experimentation, physicochemical analysis, and iterative ML model refinement through human-centered evaluation, guiding future studies. Emphasizing meticulous experimentation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and continuous validation, the review advocates seamless ML integration into liposomal drug delivery research for robust advancements. Future endeavors are encouraged to uphold these principles.

Nanoparticle-based delivery systems have emerged as promising tools in oligonucleotide therapeutics, facilitating precise and targeted delivery to address several disease conditions. The multifaceted landscape of nanoparticle-based oligonucleotide delivery encompasses the fundamental aspects of nanotechnology in delivery systems, various classes of oligonucleotides, and the growing field of ON-based therapeutics. These ON-based therapeutics are utilized to target specific genetic sequences within cells, offering promising avenues for treating various diseases by regulating gene expression or interfering with specific cellular processes. The integration of nanotechnology in delivery systems offers several advantages, given their intricate systems. Being a diverse class of agents, oligonucleotides provide a wide range of potential owed to each class of agents that support therapeutic interventions. Oligonucleotide-based platforms have demonstrated their versatility in molecular targeting and intervention strategies. Moreover, the complexities and delivery challenges in oligonucleotide therapeutics are expected to be overcome by the application of nanotechnology-based platforms.Because nanoparticles can overcome biological barriers and improve bioavailability, stability, and specificity, their role in developing oligonucleotide delivery systems is greatly valued. The innovative solutions facilitated by nanoparticles are efficient strategies to address the arduous barriers. These strategies beat obstacles like enzymatic degradation, cellular uptake, and immune response, which in turn paves the way for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. This review paper intends to explore the various applications of nanoparticle-mediated oligonucleotide delivery in a variety of diseases. It outlines the promising growth of therapies enabled by these systems, extending from cancer to genetic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. We have underscored the pivotal role of nanoparticle-based delivery systems in uncovering the full potential of oligonucleotide therapeutics, thereby fostering advancements in precision medicine and targeted therapies.

Insulin is a peptide hormone that is essential for regulating body homeostasis. Furthermore, it is involved in various neurological functions such as memory, behaviors, and cognition. The ubiquitous distribution of insulin receptors on various brain cells, such as neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, and their differential localization across various brain regions, including the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and olfactory bulb, collectively underscore the crucial involvement of insulin in the modulation of cerebral functions. Along with ageing, in some pathological conditions such as diabetes and brain insulin resistance, the need for exogenous insulin is felt to compensate for insulin deficiency. In these cases, the biggest obstacle to the delivery of insulin to the brain is the blood-brain barrier (a physical barrier consisting of endothelial cells with tight junctions), which prevents the direct entry of most substances possessing high molecular weight, like insulin, into the brain. Therefore, different delivery methods have been proposed by researchers for insulin delivery that directly or indirectly cause the transfer of insulin to the brain. Some of these methods lack high efficiency and cause many side effects for the patient. In this regard, many new technologies have come to the aid of researchers and have introduced more effective delivery strategies, including the use of nanocarriers. Despite the promising outcomes demonstrated in the experimental models, the utilization of these techniques in human studies remains at a nascent stage and necessitates further comprehensive investigation. This review article aims to examine the diverse methods of insulin administration to the brain by gathering extensive information on insulin and its obstacles to brain delivery.

Introduction: Desloratadine, a second-generation antihistaminic drug, is poorly watersoluble and requires amelioration of the dissolution rate to improve its pharmacokinetics properties.

Method: This study investigated the impact of polymer, surfactant types, and concentration on the particle size, zeta potential, and dissolution efficiency of nanosuspensions formulated through the solvent antisolvent precipitation method. To optimize the delivery of Desloratadine nanosuspension, we used Minitab software and a 4-factor, 2-level full factorial design. Physicochemical properties and drug release studies were conducted to evaluate the suggested nanosuspension formulations. The optimization goals included minimizing particle size and zeta potential while maximizing dissolution efficiencies.

Result: The selected optimal nanosuspension demonstrated favourable values, including a particle size of 478.63 ± 15.67 nm, a zeta potential of -36.24 ± 3.21 mV, and dissolution efficiencies in double distilled water and buffer of 90.29 ± 3.75 % and 93.70 ± 3.67 %, respectively. The optimized formulation was subjected to additional analysis using X-ray powder diffraction (XPRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Conclusion: The optimized nanosuspension formulation also underwent further studies under optimal lyophilization conditions, revealing the effectiveness of mannitol as a cryoprotectant at a concentration of 8%.

Exosomes have emerged as critical mediators of intercellular communication and various physiological processes between cells and their environment. These nano-sized vesicles have been extensively investigated and confirmed to exhibit multifunctionality in animal systems. In particular, they participate in intercellular signaling, influence disease progression, and exhibit biological activity. However, Plant-Derived Exosomes (PDEs), especially therapeutic PDEs, have received relatively limited attention in the past few decades. Recent studies have demonstrated that PDEs are involved in signaling molecule transport in addition to intercellular communication, as they serve as functional molecules in the cellular microenvironment. This characteristic highlights the immense potential of PDEs for a wide array of applications, including antioxidation, anti-inflammation, tumour cell elimination, immune modulation, and tissue regeneration. In addition, PDEs hold substantial promise as efficient drug carriers, enhancing the stability and bioavailability of therapeutic agents and consequently enabling targeted delivery to specific cells or tissues. Therefore, PDEs may serve as effective tools for drug delivery and the treatment of various diseases. This comprehensive review provides an overview of recent studies on therapeutic PDEs, focusing on their extraction, isolation, characterization methods, biological activities, and application prospects. It summarises the research progress of exosome-like nanovesicles derived from medicinal plants, with a specific emphasis on traditional Chinese medicine, and highlights their importance in disease treatment and nanoparticle delivery. The main objective is to accelerate the clinical translation of these nanovesicles while providing novel approaches and methodologies for the research and development of innovative drugs.

Different nanocarriers-based strategies are now extensively being used as an important strategy for improving drug efficacy and responsiveness, reducing toxicity issues related to drugs and harmful side effects, and overcoming the numerous significant difficulties related to absorption and bioavailability. Amongst different nanocarriers, nanovesicles are excellent and versatile systems for effectively delivering biomolecules, drugs, and targeted ligand distribution and location. Nanovesicles are nanosized self-assembling spherical capsules with an aqueous core and one/more lipid(s) layers. Several synthetic nanovesicles have been developed and investigated for their prospective uses in delivering drugs, proteins, peptides, nutrients, etc. Important procedures for nanovesicle manufacturing are thin-film hydration, unshaken method, ethanol injection, ether injection, proliposomes, freeze-drying, hot method, cold method, reverse-phase evaporation, and ultrasonication. Liposomes, liposomes, ethosomes, exosomes, and transferosomes (elastic vesicles) are the nonvesicular candidates extensively investigated to deliver antiviral drugs. This review article comprehensively reviews different nanovesicles, their compositions, manufacturing, and applications as potential carriers for effectively delivering different antiviral drugs to treat viral diseases.

Purpose: Reproducibility and scale-up production of microspheres through spray drying present significant challenges. In this study, biodegradable microspheres of Triamcinolone Acetonide Acetate (TAA) were prepared using a novel static mixing method by employing poly( lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as the sustained-release carrier.

Methods: TAA-loaded microspheres (TAA-MSs) were prepared using a static mixing technique. The PLGA concentration, polyvinyl alcohol concentration (PVA), phase ratio of oil/water, and phase ratio of water/solidification were optimized in terms of the particle size, drug loading (DL), and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of TAA-MSs. The morphology of TAA-MSs was examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while the physicochemical properties were evaluated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The in vitro release of TAA-MSs was compared to that of the pure drug (TAA) using a water-bath vibration method in the medium of pH 7.4 at 37°C.

Results: The formulation composition and preparation condition for the preparation of TAA-MSs were optimized as follows: the PLGA concentration was 1%, the phase ratio of oil(dichloromethane) /water (PVA solution) was 1:3, the phase ratio of water (PVA solution)/solidification was 1:2. The optimized TAA-MSs displayed spherical particles with a size range of 30-70 μm, and DL and EE values of 27.09% and 98.67%, respectively. Moreover, the drug-loaded microspheres exhibited a significant, sustained release, with 20% of the drug released over a period of 28 days. The XRD result indicated that the crystalline form of TAA in microspheres had been partly converted into the amorphous form. DSC and FT-IR results revealed that some interactions between TAA and PLGA occurred, indicating that the drug was effectively encapsulated into PLGA microspheres.

Conclusion: TAA-loaded PLGA microspheres have been successfully prepared via the static mixing technique with enhanced EE and sustained-release manner.