International journal of medicinal mushrooms最新文献

Floccularia luteovirens mushroom polysaccharides (FLPs) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in many inflammatory diseases. However, its protective effect on alcoholic liver injury has not been studied. This study investigated the protective effects of FLPs on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice. After administering FLPs at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg for 14 days, it was found that FLPs could inhibit the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) in the serum. FLPs also significantly reduced the levels of four inflammatory factors, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-33, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the serum. All dose groups of FLPs could significantly inhibit the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissues. At the same time, they could significantly increase the levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), enhancing the antioxidant capacity of the body, which confirmed the protective therapeutic effects of FLPs against oxidative stress and inflammation in alcoholic liver injury. The Western blot assay investigated the effect of FLPs on the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway in the liver tissues of mice with alcoholic liver injury, indicating that its mechanism of action may be to inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and suppress the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway to achieve antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Hericium erinaceus, commonly known as lion's mane mushroom, is a rare edible and medicinal fungus that is highly valued in both the culinary and medical fields. Its primary bioactive component, polysaccharides, holds significant therapeutic potential, particularly in healthcare. This study investigates the prebiotic effects of crude polysaccharides extracted from H. erinaceus on various probiotic strains. Three distinct fractions of crude polysaccharides, HEP-30, HEP-50, and HEP-80 were obtained through fractional precipitation using 30%, 50%, and 80% (v/v) ethanol concentrations from hot water-soluble extracts. The effects of the polysaccharide extracts on probiotic growth, adhesion, antioxidant activity, and cryoprotective properties were evaluated in vitro. Of the HEP fractions, HEP-80 contains the highest amounts of protein, total sugars, and reducing sugars. Galactose is the predominant monosaccharide in all HEP fractions. The polysaccharide extract exhibited antioxidant activity by inhibiting DPPH free radicals across all three tested concentrations, with an average IC50 value of 10.189 mg/mL. HEP-80 significantly enhanced the growth of all three probiotic strains compared with an unsupplemented control group. HEP-80 at a concentration of 50 μg/mL increased the adhesion of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain L47-2 by up to 30%. Furthermore, HEP compounds demonstrated cryoprotective properties, resulting in over 70% survival of L. plantarum strain L47-2 after 90 days of storage at -20°C following freeze-drying. H. erinaceus-derived crude polysaccharides hold promise as both prebiotics and cryoprotectants, making them a potentially valuable functional ingredient for use in food products.

Selected detrimental, essential, and nutritionally nonessential elements (total of 26 elements) were determined in fruiting bodies of Auricularia auricula-judae taken from three localities with different environmental burdens: a sampling site with no direct sources of contamination, a site located near a heavily trafficked road, and a site located near an amphibolite quarry. The analysis revealed that proximity of the road led to increased contents (mg/kg of dry matter; compared with the site without any direct contamination) of Al (140 vs. 40), As (0.14 vs. 0.06), Ba (17 vs. 11), Ca (5600 vs. 2600), Co (0.17 vs. 0.07), Cr (0.51 vs. 0.28), Cu (4.6 vs. 3.4), Fe (200 vs. 120), Mn (32 vs. 21), Mo (0.31 vs. 0.15), Na (420 vs. 170), Ni (1.4 vs. 0.72), Pb (0.14 vs. 0.08), Sr (15 vs. 9.7), and V (0.33 vs. 0.12). Similarly, the amphibolite quarrying led to increased contents of Al (590 vs. 40), As (0.15 vs. 0.06), Ca (9300 vs. 2600), Co (0.27 vs. 0.07), Cr (2.8 vs. 0.28), Cu (6.2 vs. 3.4), Fe (400 vs. 120), Mg (2400 vs. 1800), Mo (0.60 vs. 0.15), Na (370 vs. 170), Ni (1.6 vs. 0.72), Pb (0.18 vs. 0.08), Sr (17 vs. 9.7), and V (0.80 vs. 0.12) in comparison with the site without direct contamination. The studied sources of contamination may substantially affect the element levels in A. auricula-judae fruiting bodies, and this must be considered if this mushroom is collected for culinary or alternative medicine purposes.

Glowing skin is the aspiration of individuals especially women for enhancing the beauty and charm. Modern lifestyle attaches significant importance to skin care. Hence the cosmetic industry is paying immense attention to cosmetic product development. Cosmetic industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world in recent years. Majority of cosmetics contain synthetics as well as natural compounds. The risk associated with synthetic chemicals in cosmetics was realized by consumers and this awareness led to the demand for natural products-based cosmetics. As a result, cosmetic industries are compelled to pay adequate attention to raw materials from natural sources. Traditionally plants have been exploited for cosmetic product formulations. One of the natural resources that has caught the attention of cosmetic industry in recent years is the mushrooms. They are known to have strong antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and tyrosinase, hyaluronidase, collagenase, and elastase inhibitory properties. Because of these attributes they are considered as multifunctional cosmetic bioactive ingredients. They have excellent antioxidant, antiaging, skin whitening, antiwrinkle and moisturizing properties. Common mushrooms frequently used in cosmetic formulation are Lentinula edodes, Grifola frondosa, Ganoderma lucidum, Cordyceps sinensis, Tremella fuciformis, Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Inonotus obliquus, and Hericium erinaceus. Mushroom based cosmetic products have substantial world market especially in USA, China, UK, Korea and Japan. Mushroom cosmetic market presents promising opportunities for expansion because of the growing demands of aging solutions. Global demand is predicted to reach nearly 3.9 billion USD by 2032. This review outlines the importance of mushrooms and their bioactive ingredients for development of skin care formulations and products in the multibillion-dollar cosmetic industry.

The genus Cryptoporus (Polyporaceae) has attracted significant attention in the fields of ethnopharmacology and drug discovery, owing to its distinctive chemodiversity and therapeutic potential. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge on the taxonomy, bioactive metabolites, and pharmacological properties of Cryptoporus species. Taxonomically, molecular phylogenetic analyses have validated Cryptoporus as a monophyletic clade, with three recognized species, C. volvatus, C. sinensis, and C. qinlingensis, exhibiting transcontinental distribution and specific host preferences. From a chemical perspective, these fungi are responsible for the production of structurally unique drimane sesquiterpenoids (44 characterized compounds) and immunomodulatory polysaccharides, in addition to ergosterol derivatives. Pharmacological investigations have revealed multifaceted bioactivities, including antitumor effects via cell cycle disruption and apoptosis induction, anti-inflammatory actions through TNF-α/IL-1β suppression, and antioxidant capacity demonstrated by ABTS radical scavenging. It is noteworthy that the species-specific drimane sesquiterpenoid profile places these compounds as potential quality markers (Q-markers) for phytopharmaceutical standardization. Whilst in vitro and animal studies have validated traditional uses in treating respiratory disorders and inflammatory conditions, clinical evidence remains lacking. This review aims to facilitate the utilization of Cryptoporus in modern precision medicine, thereby integrating traditional knowledge with contemporary pharmaceutical development.

Three compounds (1-3) were isolated from fruiting bodies of Hypsizygus marmoreus and four compounds (2-5) from its scrap cultivation beds. Their structures were identified by interpretation of their MS and NMR data. This is the first reported isolation of these bioactive compounds from the fruiting bodies of H. marmoreus and its scrap cultivation beds. In the plant growth regulatory assay using lettuce seedlings, all the compounds promoted hypocotyl growth of the plant except for 5 that inhibited growth at 1 μmol/paper. All the compounds showed root growth inhibition except for 2 that showed promoting activity at 1 nmol/paper.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the chronic liver diseases. In the discovery of novel leads for the treatment of MAFLD, oxysterols and bile acids have received considerable attention. Ergostane and lanostane derivatives share structural similarities with oxysterols and bile acids and many mushroom derived ergostane and lanostane derivatives were shown to have anti-MAFLD potential. This review focuses on mushroom derived ergostanes and lanostanes with anti-MAFLD effect. Five ergostane and fifteen lanostane derivatives were reported from mushrooms with anti-MAFLD effect; interestingly most of them were from polypore mushrooms. Though deeper studies are needed to establish the efficacy and long-term safety of mushroom derived ergostane and lanostane derivatives, the available evidence supports the potential of mushroom derived tetracyclic triterpenoids in alleviating MAFLD; screening this chemo diversity might yield some useful clues for the management of MAFLD.

Inonotus obliquus is a large fungus with high phenolic content that has demonstrated promising potential for the treatment of liver cancer. However, studies investigating its mechanism of action in the treatment of liver cancer are scarce. To explore its mechanism of action, network pharmacology was used to collect phenolic compounds from I. obliquus, identify potential targets related to liver cancer, and examine their association with relevant signaling pathways. Moreover, molecular docking was conducted to explore the binding abilities between the phenolic compounds of I. obliquus and core targets. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to assess the binding stability of protein-ligand complexes. A total of 22 phenolic compounds were identified in I. obliquus in the CNKI database. The 10 core targets in the PPI network included VEGFA, CTNNB1, KDR, VAV3, VAV2, CDC42, TP53, CBL, CCND1 and CDK2, all of which were primarily related to tumor angiogenesis, invasion, migration and cell cycle. GO analysis yielded 1487 biological processes, 99 cellular components, and 207 molecular functions. Meanwhile, KEGG enrichment analysis identified 103 signaling pathways, of which the MAPK pathway had the most annotated targets. Additionally, the results of molecular docking indicated that phenolic compounds in I. obliquus could effectively bind to the 10 core targets in the PPI network, with the lowest overall binding energy observed for the target CDK2. Finally, the results of molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated that over 100 ns, the phenolic compounds in I. obliquus, namely hesperetin, quercetin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, and rutin, could stably bind to the target CDK2. Overall, these findings indicated that phenolic compounds in I. obliquus regulate the proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of liver cancer cells through multiple targets and signaling pathways. This study provides a scientific reference for the development of I. obliquus phenolic compounds as therapeutic agents for liver cancer.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that gradually destroys cognitive, memory, and thinking skills. Although increasing evidence has demonstrated that Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids (GLT) can ameliorate the motor and spatial learning disorders of AD, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Hence, in this study, GLT were obtained by using a traditional Chinese medicine processing method, and then the effects of GLT on motor and spatial learning disorders in 5xFAD mice were investigated by using various techniques such as behavioral analysis, micro-dialysis, and neurophysiological recording. Compared with the 5xFAD group, 0.5 g/kg GLT could decrease escape latency, the total number of limb errors, and the duration of errors. This dose could also increase the number of crossing the original platform, the total movement time, and the distance in the central region of the open-field box, as well as the maximum movement speed and continuous movement time on the rotating rod. After GLT treatment, the glutamate (Glu) content and variation coefficient of a simple spike of Purkinje cells decreased compared with the 5xFAD group, thereby improving the spatial learning and memory ability. Overall, this study shows that GLT may be a potential therapeutic method for patients with AD.

Hirschioporus fuscoviolaceus is a commonly distributed saprotrophic fungus across the coniferous forests of temperate regions. An in-depth chemical analysis of the methanol extract of H. fuscoviolaceus resulted in the isolation of four compounds (1-4). The four fungal metabolites were identified as ergosterol peroxide (1), 5α,8α-epidioxy-ergosta-6-en-3β-ol (2), β-sitosterol (3) and 9,11-dehydro-ergosterol peroxide (4), that latest was isolated as a mixture with its closely related compound, ergosterol peroxide (1). The structure identification of the isolated compounds was carried out by one- and two-dimensional NMR and MS analysis. The antimicrobial properties of the fungal secondary metabolites were investigated on several pathogens including Bacillus subtilis, Rhodococcus fascians, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, and Fusarium graminearum. According to our results, among the identified ergostane-type sterols only mixture of compounds 1 and 4 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity on Bacillus subtilis and Rhodococcus fascians. For the examination of their potential α-glucosidase, lipase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities, dot-blot enzyme assays were performed which highlighted that compounds 1-4 have considerable α-glucosidase inhibitory property, with the most active isolates of 3 and 4, while compounds 1, 2 and 4 demonstrated notable activity against acetylcholinesterase. The current study represents the first report on the chemical profile of H. fuscoviolaceus, providing a comprehensive study on the isolation and structure elucidation of the most important secondary metabolites and their potential biological activities.