Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences最新文献

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes, such as duration of surgery, ease of surgical access for fixation, injury to branches of the facial nerve, and scar assessment encountered on using the Berger-Tenenhaus approach for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of subcondyle, ramus, angle, and body fractures of mandible.

Materials and methods: This was a prospective clinical study. Patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seventeen patients in the age group above 18 years were included in this study. All patients were treated under general anesthesia using Berger-Tenenhaus approach for ORIF. The surgical outcomes were evaluated with follow-ups conducted at 24 hours, 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months.

Results: The results indicated that the average duration of surgery was 34.47 ± 7.383 minutes with good access to fracture sites and inconspicuous scars at the 6^th month. There were no cases of facial nerve paralysis.

Conclusion: This study concludes that the Berger-Tenenhaus approach is an effective and safe technique for ORIF of mandibular fractures, such as subcondyle, ramus, body, and angle. This approach has less duration of surgery with good access, no morbidity to the facial nerve, and provides cosmetic results.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome are rare conditions, representing severe hypersensitivity reactions with significant oral presentations. SJS is an uncommon but severe variant of erythema multiforme, presenting skin and mucosal eruptions that can be potentially fatal. DRESS syndrome, similarly, involves a severe hypersensitivity reaction characterized by fever, rash, and organ involvement. DRESS syndrome is a rare but severe drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction characterized by fever, rash, eosinophilia, and internal organ involvement. The condition often presents with elevated liver enzymes and systemic symptoms that necessitate prompt diagnosis and treatment. This report discusses a case of DRESS syndrome in a 41-year-old patient, highlighting the clinical presentation, investigations, differential diagnosis, and treatment approach. Both conditions require prompt diagnosis and treatment, often involving hospitalization. This report discusses two cases of severe hypersensitivity reactions with oral manifestations.

Background and aim: Contribution of organisms causing periodontal disease remains unclear. Strong association has emerged between the presence of gram-positive Filifactor alocis (F.alocis) and periodontitis. Hence, we aimed to identify the presence of F.alocis in periodontal biofilms through PCR technique in health and disease.

Settings and design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 45 participants divided into three equal groups based on their periodontal conditions, namely, healthy, generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP).

Methods and materials: Subgingival plaque samples were obtained, and real-time PCR was used to identify the presence of F.alocis. The clinical parameters, plaque index, sulcus bleeding index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were determined.

Statistical analysis: The statistical analysis was done using the software SPSS (Statistical package for social science). All the data were analyzed using the ANOVA test.

Results: The difference between mean plaque index, sulcus bleeding index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level was statistically significant between healthy and periodontitis (chronic and aggressive) sites. F.alocis was identified in all samples. The mean cycle threshold (CT) values of healthy, GCP, and GAP were 38.01, 30.85, and 28.92, respectively, and the results are statistically significant.

Conclusion: The load of organism was significantly higher in the GAP group followed by the GCP group and lowest in the healthy group. Bacterial load was highest in teeth with deep pockets. Hence, F.alocis seems to be a powerful diagnostic marker organism for periodontal disease, and it should be considered an important periodontal pathogen.

Background: Navayasa Churnam is an Ayurvedic medicine traditionally used to treat anemia, heart diseases, skin disorders, piles, and jaundice.

Aim: The present study involves GC-MS analysis of Navayasa Churnam, an Ayurvedic medicine traditionally used to treat anemia, heart diseases, skin disorders, piles, and jaundice.

Methods: The Churnam was sourced from a reputable Ayurvedic vendor in Chennai, India, and prepared according to standard protocols. The medicine was then analyzed to identify its bioactive compounds.

Results: The GC-MS analysis revealed several key compounds, including Asarone, known for its sedative and antioxidant properties; 17-Octadecynoic acid methyl ester, with potential anti-inflammatory effects; n-Pentadecanol, recognized for its antimicrobial activity; and Chloroacetic acid pentadecyl ester, which may possess antiviral properties. Additional compounds identified include n-Butyl cinnamate, noted for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects; Chloroacetic acid tetradecyl ester, which might offer antimicrobial benefits; and 2-ynyl o-anisate, known for its analgesic properties. Piperine, which enhances the bioavailability of other compounds and has anti-inflammatory effects, was also detected. Other notable compounds are Z-10-Methyl-11-tetradecen-1-ol propionate, Carnosic acid, and Ethyl iso-allocholate.

Conclusion: The identification of these compounds supports the traditional therapeutic uses of Navayasa Churnam and underscores the importance of integrating modern analytical techniques with traditional knowledge to validate and enhance herbal remedies.

Introduction: In this study, we compared lung ultrasonography (USG) and computed tomography (CT) findings of the thorax in diagnosing pneumothorax in patients with blunt chest trauma. This study aimed to improve diagnostic accuracy and prevent tension pneumothorax, despite limited evaluations across all lung pathologies.

Methods: We examined patients admitted to Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospital with blunt chest trauma from January 2021 to June 2022. Lung USG and CT of the chest were used to detect pneumothoraxes, with the goal of reducing mortality rates in severely injured patients.

Results: Out of 64 cases, 67.5% experienced blunt trauma, 20.8% had a direct chest impact, and 11.7% suffered falls from a height. USG and CT findings revealed the following: 79.2% had pneumothorax, 7.8% had pleural effusion, 28.6% had hemothorax, 22.1% had contusion, 10.4% had rib fractures with contusion, 6.5% had rib fracture + Hemothorax, and 9.1% had isolated pneumothorax.

Conclusion: Lung ultrasound is a reliable, radiation-free method for assessing pneumothorax, pleural effusion, contusion, and hemothorax, offering a definitive, sensitive, and accurate diagnosis.

Introduction: The mechanical characteristics of orthodontic wires are crucial since they have a significant impact on the effectiveness of orthodontic therapy, and patients undergoing orthodontic treatment are becoming more and more picky about their aesthetic preferences.

Objectives: The goal of the current investigation was to assess the hardness of various orthodontic wires.

Materials and methods: Three types of wires were employed in this study: nickel titanium (NiTi, USA), beta-titanium (TMA, USA), and stainless steel (SS, Germany). For the upper left canine in this investigation, we utilized an edgewise bracket with a slot size of 0.018″. Epoxy resin was used to implant the wires. The orientation of the brackets was horizontal. Next, a measurement was taken of the brackets' external surfaces' hardness. Using an optical microscope, the micrographs of the typical Vickers indentations were captured. The acquired data was assessed statistically.

Results: The specimens belonging to the stainless steel, nickel-titanium, and beta-titanium groups had mean microhardness values of 523.24, 367.22, and 321.36, respectively. There were noteworthy outcomes when comparing the three research groups.

Conclusion: Among the stainless steel group specimens, the highest microhardness was observed. However, more research is advised.

Background: Occupational health hazards pose significant risks in unique work environments such as scuba diving. This investigation aims to assess health profiles and occupational health determinants among scuba instructors in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among certified scuba instructors in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands during 2022-2023 by using a self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Ethical approval was granted by the institutional ethical committee.

Results: The study population comprised 423 male instructors with a mean age of 26.24 ± 4.71 years. They averaged 9 ± 5.2 years of diving experience and 4 ± 3.86 years as instructors. Physical injury underwater was the most prevalent hazard, experienced by 10.4% of participants. There was a positive correlation between the instructors' knowledge of health and safety and their years of experience.

Conclusion: The scuba instructors displayed elevated levels of anxiety and depression, likely due to the high risks associated with their job.

This systematic review aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) models specifically developed for detecting and classifying dental caries. A comprehensive electronic literature search was performed on the PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Embase databases. The search yielded a total of 397 results. We examined 10 articles that satisfied the selection criteria. In summary, AI-based models show high diagnostic accuracy in recognizing dental caries by analyzing dental radiography pictures.

Background and objective: Often, the treatment goals for chronic periodontitis in smokers are not achieved only by scaling and root planing (SRP) as non-surgical periodontal therapy. Adjunctive therapy such as local drug delivery (LDD) can be carried out in an attempt to reduce the need for periodontal surgery. The study was carried out to determine the efficacy of subgingivally delivered ketoprofen (K) + doxycycline (D) gel and compare it with that of subgingivally delivered ketoprofen (K) gel alone as an adjunct to SRP in smokers and non-smoker patients having chronic periodontitis.

Materials and methods: Twelve patients in the non-smoker group and nine patients in the smoker group having chronic periodontitis with ≥4-mm pocket depth in at least three adjacent teeth in each quadrant were recruited for the study. The quadrants were randomized into K alone and K + D subgroups. 2.5% ketoprofen gel and 2.5% ketoprofen + 3% doxycycline gel were delivered into designated sites after SRP, and the sites were secured using periodontal dressing. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and relative attachment level (RAL) were recorded at baseline and 3 months.

Results: At 3 months follow-up, both the groups showed significant improvement in PI, BOP, PPD, and RAL (P < 0.05). K + D showed a significantly greater reduction of PI, BOP, PPD, and RAL in both smokers and non-smokers than K alone (P < 0.05). Non-smokers responded significantly better than smokers for PI, BOP, PPD, and RAL with both treatment modalities (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The results indicate that smokers and non-smokers demonstrate better clinical outcomes by using K + D LDD as an adjunct to SRP. Moreover, non-smokers responded better to both modalities than smokers.

Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MeS) is increasing due to modern lifestyles, making it essential to explore its connection with conditions like periodontitis, particularly in pregnant women. This study aims to evaluate the periodontal parameters health of pregnant women with metabolic syndrome.

Material and methods: The study included 144 pregnant women aged 18-34 with MeS. Demographic data collected encompassed age, nutrition, medical history, and oral health practices. Dental exams assessed the gingival index, plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment loss, classifying participants into mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis. Blood glucose, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and BMI were measured to analyze the relationship between the number of MeS components and periodontal disease severity using a Chi-square test. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Gingivitis was present in 33.3% of the subjects, whereas severe periodontitis was in 20.8%. Nonetheless, there was no discernible correlation (P > 0.05) between periodontal disease severity and MeS risk variables.

Conclusion: The majority of subjects had gingivitis, although all patients with MeS exhibited periodontal disease to some degree. However, there is still debate over whether or whether an increased presence of MeS components is associated with more severe periodontal disease, particularly during pregnancy.