Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences最新文献

Background: Dimensional stability of impression materials is crucial in implant prosthodontics. Delay in cast pouring can introduce errors that affect prosthesis fit.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the dimensional stability of casts obtained from polyether and polyvinyl siloxane impression materials when poured immediately, after 24 hours, and after 48 hours.

Materials and methods: Forty-eight impressions were made on a reference mandibular edentulous model with four implants using the direct pick-up technique. Impressions were divided into two groups (polyether, polyvinyl siloxane) and three subgroups each (immediate pour, 24 hours, 48 hours). Casts were measured for linear and angular distortions using a coordinate measuring machine.

Results: Mean inter-implant distances and angular deviations were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. Polyether showed superior dimensional stability at all time points compared to polyvinyl siloxane. Delayed pouring introduced significant distortion in both materials.

Conclusion: Immediate pouring is recommended for optimal accuracy. Polyether demonstrated better stability than polyvinyl siloxane with delayed pouring.

Background: Dental anxiety is a prevalent concern in pediatric patients, often leading to compromised oral healthcare outcomes. Effective behavioral management techniques are essential in reducing anxiety and facilitating successful dental treatments.

Materials and methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted involving 90 children aged between 4 and 8 years attending a pediatric dental clinic. The participants were randomly divided into three groups (n = 30 each): Group A (Tell-Show-Do), Group B (audiovisual distraction), and Group C (modeling). Anxiety levels were assessed before and after the intervention using the Facial Image Scale (FIS) and Pulse Rate Monitoring with a pulse oximeter.

Results: All three techniques led to a significant reduction in anxiety levels post-intervention. The mean FIS score decreased from 4.2 ± 0.6 to 2.1 ± 0.5 in Group A, 4.3 ± 0.5 to 1.9 ± 0.4 in Group B, and 4.1 ± 0.7 to 2.3 ± 0.6 in Group C (P < 0.001). The pulse rate also showed a reduction: Group A (from 105.4 ± 8.2 bpm to 92.1 ± 7.4 bpm), Group B (from 106.8 ± 7.9 bpm to 89.3 ± 6.5 bpm), and Group C (from 104.6 ± 8.6 bpm to 95.8 ± 7.8 bpm). Audiovisual distraction showed the greatest reduction in both subjective and physiological parameters of anxiety compared to the other groups.

Conclusion: All three behavioral management techniques were effective in reducing dental anxiety among children aged 4-8 years. However, audiovisual distraction proved to be the most effective, followed by Tell-Show-Do and modeling.

Objective: The study used finite element analysis (FEA) to assess and quantify anchorage loss during simultaneous retraction and intrusion with or without anterior mini-implants under different forces.

Materials and methods: CBCT scans of a skeletal Class I patient were used. Mimics Research 18.0 was used to construct a maxilla 3D model from scans. FEA was done with ANSYS 2024 R2 employing a model with bilateral mini-screws and a control model without mini-screws. Each model received a 100g retraction force and additionally vertical intrusive forces 90 g, 120 g, and 150 g in model 2. Both models were limited to the superior maxilla and had appliance component glued connections.

Results: FEA indicated that simultaneous intrusion and retraction enhanced maxillary first molar anterior displacement. The least displacement (6.24E-06 mm) occurred in model without mini-implants, while maximum displacement (6.86E-06 mm) in model with bilateral mini-implants with highest intrusive force.

Conclusion: This study showed that conventional retraction without intrusive forces minimizes anchorage loss. With increasing force magnitude of intrusion, anterior molar displacement also increases.

Background: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of locally administered Satranidazole gel and Aloe Vera gel as adjunctive treatments to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the management of mild-to-moderate chronic periodontitis.

Materials and methods: Forty-five participants were diagnosed with mild-to-moderate chronic periodontitis. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: SRP alone (control), SRP with Satranidazole gel, and SRP with Aloe Vera gel. Clinical parameters-plaque index, gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, and probing pocket depth-were assessed at baseline and one-month posttreatment. Statistical analysis used paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA.

Results: All groups showed significant improvements in PI, GI, SBI, and PPD after one month (P < 0.05). The combination of SRP with Satranidazole and Aloe Vera resulted in greater reductions in PI and PPD compared to SRP alone (P < 0.05). The SRP with Satranidazole group also had a superior reduction in SBI and PPD compared to the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the Satranidazole and Aloe Vera groups.

Conclusion: The use of Satranidazole and Aloe Vera gels as adjuncts to SRP significantly enhanced clinical parameters in comparison with SRP alone in the short term. While Satranidazole offered slightly greater improvements in bleeding and pocket depth, Aloe Vera presented a natural and cost-effective option.

Background: Water and alkaline water have been proposed as potential solutions due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.

Materials and methods: All the patients used the assigned rinse twice a day for four weeks. Baseline, two-week, and four-week plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were measured.

Results: Both ozonized water and alkaline water significantly reduced plaque and gingival indices compared to the control group. Alkaline water shows benefits due to its impact on oral pH and bacterial adherence.

Conclusion: Ozonized water and alkaline water are alternatives to regular mouthwashes in the treatment of plaque and gingivitis.

Aim: To synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using Acalypha Indica (A.Indica) and Ocimum sanctum (O.Sanctum) extracts and evaluate their antimicrobial activity.

Methods: CuONPs were prepared using Acalypha indica and Ocimum sanctum through the green synthesis method. Characterization of the CuONPs was done using Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM). The Agar Well Diffusion technique was used to assess the antimicrobial activity against strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas sps.

Results: The CuONPs synthesized through the described method exhibit a uniform, quasi-spherical morphology with an average size of 10-30 nm. The agar well diffusion test reveals that at a higher concentration zone of inhibition was greater as compared to the control, which implies that an increase in concentration increases the antimicrobial activity.

Conclusion: Copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Acalypha indica and Ocimum sanctum exhibit promising antimicrobial properties. This green synthesis method holds potential for developing biocompatible nanomaterials for oral and maxillofacial surgery applications.

Background: Routine Papanicolaou (PAP) stain is a commonly adopted cytological method of diagnosing lesions of the oral piece, but it suffers drawbacks on the issue of time, cost, and reagents consumed. Faster and cheaper alternatives have been suggested, which are modified ultrafast PAP (MUFP) and rapid economic acetic Papanicolaou (REAP).

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of staining, staining efficiency, and cost-effects of PAP, MUFP, and REAP staining techniques in the oral cytology and to know which one offers the best overall diagnostic advantage.

Materials and methods: The experiments were carried out on 30 volunteers; none had any oral pathology or a history of smoking. Each volunteer gave three smears. There was PAP-stained, MUFP-stained, and REAP-stained one. Cell morphology and staining in general were assessed by three independent observers. It was measured in time and cost. Statistical tests (Chi-square) were carried out to identify statistical differences.

Results: Most observers found the quality of cell morphology stains to be unchanged among three approaches, showing no statistically significant difference. Nonetheless, MUFP was much better in overall quality of staining and proved to be the most time- and cost-effective one.

Conclusion: MUFP and REAP stain with similar or even higher quality than PAP conventional and will be better suited in cases where there is an urgency of staining and where economy staining is necessary in a clinical environment.

Vital pulp therapy focuses on maintaining pulp vitality and stimulating reparative dentinogenesis following pulp exposure. While conventional materials such as calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate remain established options, there is growing interest in bioactive autograft and xenograft dentin-derived materials. This review evaluated five experimental studies across rat, canine, swine, and human models assessing the regenerative performance of demineralized bone matrix, treated dentin matrix hydrogel, xenogeneic demineralized dentin paste, and autologous demineralized dentin matrix. Key outcomes examined included inflammatory response, pulp tissue organization, dentin bridge formation, odontogenic marker expression, biodegradation characteristics, and the quality of regenerated dentin. All studies demonstrated preservation of pulp vitality and clear evidence of reparative dentin formation. Demineralized bone matrix induced organized dentinogenesis with reduced inflammation compared to calcium hydroxide. Treated dentin matrix hydrogel produced complete, thick dentin bridges with well-aligned odontoblast layers and biodegradation synchronized with new dentin deposition. Xenogeneic dentin paste formed physiologic dentin bridges within 4-8 weeks in canine models, closely mimicking natural dentin structure. Autologous dentin matrix in swine supported high-quality reparative dentin comparable to or better than Bioglass® and calcium hydroxide. Across studies, dentin-derived materials showed favorable biocompatibility, minimal inflammation, and strong inductive potential. These findings highlight their promise as regenerative alternatives to conventional pulp capping agents, though further standardized clinical trials are required to validate long-term effectiveness.

Background: The long-term prognosis of natural teeth and dental implants has been a critical subject in restorative dentistry. While dental implants offer a predictable solution for missing teeth, preserving natural dentition is often preferred when feasible.

Materials and methods: A total of 200 participants aged between 25 and 65 years were enrolled in this prospective in vivo study, conducted from January 2014 to January 2024. Group A consisted of 100 patients with endodontically treated and periodontally maintained natural teeth, while Group B included 100 patients rehabilitated with single dental implants. Survival was defined as the functional presence of the tooth/implant without the need for extraction or removal. Patients were evaluated annually for mobility, bone loss, peri-implantitis, or secondary caries using clinical and radiographic criteria. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier survival estimate and Chi-square test with significance set at P < 0.05.

Results: After a 10-year follow-up, the overall survival rate was 88% for preserved natural teeth and 92% for dental implants. Group A showed failures primarily due to vertical root fractures and recurrent periodontal infections, while Group B experienced failures due to peri-implantitis and biomechanical overload. The difference in survival was not statistically significant (P = 0.172), indicating comparable long-term outcomes between both interventions.

Conclusion: Tooth preservation and dental implants demonstrated similar long-term survival rates in this study. Preserving natural dentition remains a viable and effective option when clinical conditions permit, with dental implants serving as a reliable alternative when tooth retention is unfeasible.

Background: The onset of chronic kidney disease (CKD) results in a high level of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Conventional risk assessment systems tend to fail in considering the cardiovascular risk of this group of people. A biomarker of myocardial damage, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), has become a candidate biomarker of subclinical cardiac damage.

Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was carried out of 120 patients with CKD stages 3 to 5 that excluded dialysis patients. A high-sensitivity immunoassay was used to measure the baseline value of hs-cTnI. The follow-up was thorough, with patients being kept under observation after 12 months of occurrence in their patients major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), i.e., myocardial infarction, heart failure hospitalization, and cardiovascular death.

Results: Out of 120 CKD patients (mean age 58.2+/- 9.6 years; 62 males), 48 patients (40%) had elevated hs-cTnI (>19.0 ng/L). The number of patients who developed MACE at the time of the follow-up was 29 (24.2%). There was a significantly greater proportion of MACE in an elevated hs-cTnI group (52.1%) than in a normal hs-cTnI group (10.4%) (P < 0.001). The Cox regression analysis indicated that an independent outcome predictor of MACE was hs-cTnI (HR 3.89, 95% CI 1.91793, P = 0.002). The ROC area under the curve of hs-cTnI at predicting MACE was 0.81 (95% CI 0.7290).

Conclusion: High-sensitivity T-I is a good prognostic biomarker of cardiovascular events among CKD patients. Its regular evaluation can help in the initial classification of risks and selective cardiovascular preventive interventions.