Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences最新文献

Introduction: Timely diagnosis and monitoring of tuberculosis (TB) remain critical challenges, especially in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and treatment-monitoring utility of Ki67 and HLA-DR biomarkers in TB and to compare their quantification using flow cytometry and ELISA in whole blood samples.

Methods: A total of 60 participants were enrolled, including 40 newly diagnosed TB patients and 20 healthy controls. Whole blood samples were analyzed at baseline, 2 months, and 6 months. Ki67 and HLA-DR expression were measured using both flow cytometry and ELISA. Statistical comparisons and agreement between methods were assessed using Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman analysis.

Results: Both Ki67 and HLA-DR levels were significantly higher in TB patients compared with controls (P < 0.001). Biomarker levels declined progressively with treatment. ELISA values showed strong correlation with flow cytometry (r > 0.85), and Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated acceptable agreement with minimal bias.

Conclusion: Ki67 and HLA-DR are promising biomarkers for TB diagnosis and treatment monitoring. ELISA provides a reliable, cost-effective alternative to flow cytometry, supporting its use in decentralized, point-of-care settings.

Background: Tissue conditioners play a vital role in managing denture stomatitis, but alone may not inhibit Candida albicans, the primary causative organism. Plant-derived agents, like p-Cymene and Triphala, offer antimicrobial benefits with lower resistance risks.

Materials and methods: Forty-two samples (n = 14 per group) were divided into Control, p-Cymene, and Triphala groups. Antifungal efficacy was tested via agar diffusion at 24 hours and four days. Hardness, tensile strength, and water sorption were evaluated on day 4.

Statistical analysis: Paired t-test assessed changes over time; one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD were used for intergroup comparisons.

Results: Triphala showed the highest antifungal activity at both time points. The control group had the greatest hardness, while tensile strength improved slightly in the Triphala group. Water sorption was lowest in the control group.

Conclusion: Incorporation of p-Cymene and Triphala enhanced antifungal efficacy of tissue conditioners, with Triphala being superior, and maintained acceptable mechanical properties.

Background: Gingival recession, a common clinical condition characterized by apical migration of the gingival margin, often presents in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic forces can influence periodontal tissues positively or negatively, depending on the type of appliance used. The debate continues between clear aligners and traditional fixed braces concerning their effectiveness in managing such cases within interdisciplinary treatment plans.

Methods: A prospective, randomized clinical trial was conducted with 60 patients (30 per group) aged 20-35 years presenting with anterior gingival recession and mild-to-moderate malocclusion. Group A received treatment using clear aligners (Invisalign®), and Group B was treated with conventional metal brackets. Periodontal parameters, including gingival recession depth (GRD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and plaque index (PI), were recorded at baseline and after 12 months. Recession coverage was performed surgically at 6 months. Statistical analysis was conducted using paired t-tests and analysis of variance.

Results: After 12 months, Group A showed significantly greater reduction in GRD (1.68 ± 0.39 mm) compared to Group B (1.21 ± 0.42 mm), P = 0.014. CAL gain was higher in Group A (1.91 ± 0.31 mm vs. 1.47 ± 0.37 mm; P = 0.026). PI scores were lower in the aligner group (P = 0.032). Both groups achieved recession coverage success above 80%, but Group A showed superior esthetic outcomes and patient compliance.

Conclusion: Clear aligners demonstrate a more favorable outcome in the interdisciplinary management of gingival recession when compared to traditional braces. They offer better plaque control, enhanced periodontal healing, and improved esthetics.

Congenital absence of permanent teeth, or anodontia, is a rare developmental anomaly, and isolated anodontia with retained deciduous teeth is even more uncommon. This report describes the prosthodontic management of a 16-year-old female diagnosed with nonsyndromic familial anodontia who presented with retained primary teeth and complete absence of permanent tooth buds. A fixed interim prosthesis was planned to restore oral function, improve facial esthetics, and support psychosocial well-being. Full-mouth impressions were made, and a heat-cure acrylic resin prosthesis was fabricated, using the remaining deciduous teeth as abutments for retention. Standard prosthodontic procedures-including diagnostic mounting, facebow transfer, centric relation recording, and final impressions-were followed to ensure optimal fit and function. The patient exhibited excellent adaptation to the prosthesis, with noticeable improvement in mastication, speech, and facial appearance. Significant psychological benefits were also observed, including enhanced social interaction and increased self-confidence. Follow-up evaluations revealed no major complications, and the prosthesis remained stable and functional. This case highlights that fixed interim prostheses offer an effective, minimally invasive solution for adolescents with anodontia, providing functional, esthetic, and psychological benefits until they reach skeletal maturity and become candidates for definitive long-term rehabilitation.

Background: Composite resins are integral to restorative dentistry due to their aesthetic properties. However, color stability remains a significant concern, particularly when exposed to staining agents like mouth rinses.

Materials and methods: An in vitro comparative study was conducted on 132 composite discs (n = 44 per composite type), subdivided into two subgroups each (n = 22) based on immersion in Listerine (alcohol-based) or Vantej Aqua (non-alcoholic). Baseline and post-immersion color values (L*, a*, b*) were measured using a spectrophotometer. The color difference (ΔE*) was calculated for each specimen. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test, paired t-tests, and correlation analysis using SPSS v25.0.

Results: Nanofilled composites exhibited the least discoloration with mean ΔE* values of 2.23 ± 0.40 in Listerine and 1.54 ± 0.30 in Vantej Aqua. Nano hybrid composites showed moderate discoloration (Listerine: 3.09 ± 0.60; Vantej Aqua: 2.30 ± 0.50), while microfilled composites demonstrated the highest color change (Listerine: 3.89 ± 0.70; Vantej Aqua: 3.00 ± 0.60). One-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences among all groups (F = 35.72, P < 0.001). Tukey's post hoc test confirmed significant pairwise differences, particularly between nanofilled and microfilled composites. Paired t-tests indicated significant changes in L*, a*, and b* values post-immersion across all groups (P < 0.001). Additionally, Pearson's correlation showed a strong positive relationship between composite type and ΔE* in both Listerine (r = 0.88) and Vantej Aqua (r = 0.85), with P values < 0.001.

Conclusion: Nanofilled composites demonstrated the highest resistance to color change, followed by nano hybrid and microfilled composites. Listerine caused more discoloration than Vantej Aqua in all groups.

Background: Gingival recession causes apical migration of the gingival margins, resulting in exposed root surfaces that lead to sensitivity, aesthetic concerns, and potential oral health issues. The pouch and tunnel (P and T) and vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA) techniques are both effective, minimally invasive approaches for root coverage, as both enhance aesthetic outcomes while preserving blood supply and minimizing surgical trauma.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of P and T and VISTA, combined with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane in the treatment of gingival recession defects.

Materials and methods: This randomized clinical trial included 12 systemically healthy patients presenting with bilateral isolated gingival recession defects. Patients were allocated into two groups: Group A (P and T + PRF membrane) and Group B (VISTA + PRF membrane). Clinical parameters, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), recession length (RL), recession width (RW), width of keratinized tissue (WKT), and mean root coverage percentage (MRC), were measured at baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.

Results: Results indicated significant improvement in both groups in all clinical parameters. However, Group A demonstrated greater reductions in RL, RW, and gain in CAL and WKT, along with a statistically significantly higher root coverage percentage at 12 months.

Conclusion: The usage of the pouch and tunnel technique, combining the PRF membrane, demonstrated superior efficacy, highlighting its potential as an effective regenerative approach.

Background: Dental implant procedures are typically performed in two stages-Stage I (implant placement) and Stage II (abutment connection). Understanding patient experiences during these stages is essential for improving clinical care and reducing perioperative anxiety.

Aim: To evaluate patient anxiety, perceived pain, and satisfaction during Stage I and Stage II dental implant surgery using a Likert scale-based scoring system.

Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 40 adult patients undergoing both stages of implant surgery. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire assessed anxiety, pain, communication, and overall satisfaction postoperatively for each stage. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests.

Results: Patients reported significantly higher anxiety and pain during Stage I (mean anxiety = 4.3; pain = 4.0) than Stage II (mean anxiety = 2.5; pain = 2.1). Satisfaction with clinician communication remained consistently high across both stages.

Conclusion: Stage I implant surgery induces more anxiety and discomfort. Preoperative counseling and supportive communication are vital to enhancing patient experience.

Aim: To assess the link between ACLs and salivary parameters (CA VI, pH, buffering capacity, α-amylase, and SFR) in adolescents (12-17 years) with fixed orthodontic appliances.

Methodology: A longitudinal observational study with 100 healthy adolescents. Stimulated saliva samples were collected at baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-application. Parameters measured included SFR, pH, buffering capacity, α-amylase, and CA VI. ACLs were diagnosed using Nyvad's criteria.

Results: SFR increased at one month in non-ACL patients (P ≈ 0.0283) and correlated with CA VI at three months. Buffering capacity dropped at three months (P < 0.0001) and partially recovered by 12 months. α-Amylase decreased at one and six months (P = 0.0003). CA VI positively correlated with SFR at three months and negatively with pH at one month. New caries appeared around three months, aligning with reduced enzymatic and buffering defenses.

Conclusion: Orthodontic treatment triggers early salivary flow increases, but declines in buffering capacity, α-amylase, and CA VI between three and six months coincide with ACL onset. This high-risk phase highlights the need for early preventive care, despite parameter recovery by 12 months.

Background: OSCC stands as a prominent oral malignancy that develops because of lifestyle behavior and microbial activity. The pathogenesis of OSCC receives attention through modern research since Candida species reportedly contribute to the development of OSCC through inflammatory responses and nitrosamine generation and epithelial tissue malformation.

Materials and methods: Sixty subjects participated in this in vitro study, which was separated into two distinct groups: Group A with 30 patients who had high OSCC risk oral lesions (leukoplakia and erythroplakia) and Group B which included 30 healthy subjects. A laboratory research involved collecting samples through swabs from saliva and mucosa, which were subsequently cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) alongside CHROMagar for fungal detection. The researchers identified isolated colonies by checking their ability to form germ tubes combined with carbohydrate assimilation tests.

Results: Out of the 30 Group A samples, 80% (24/30) demonstrated candidal growth where Candida albicans constituted 70.8% of strains and Candida tropicalis made up 16.7% alongside Candida glabrata counting for 12.5%. The overall candidal growth among participants in Group B was limited to 30% (9/30) as C. albicans constituted 88.9%, whereas C. glabrata accounted for 11.1%. The incidence of candidal colonization proved markedly higher among the high-risk group compared to controls according to statistical analysis (P = 0.002).

Conclusion: The numbers of Candida species, particularly C. albicans, rise substantially within the oral environments of patients dealing with potentially malignant disorders. The obtained data support the possibility that oral cancer development may be related to candidal colonization, thus demanding additional studies on this association.

Background: Commercial vehicle drivers are prone to multiple health risks due to their sedentary occupation, irregular schedules, and stress. This study aimed to assess their knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP), prevalence of lifestyle diseases, and psychological well-being.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 commercial drivers in Central India. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire assessing KAP, substance use, and health-seeking behavior. Clinical parameters, including body mass index, blood pressure, and random blood glucose, were measured. Psychological well-being was assessed using the WHO-5 Index.

Results: Of the 300 participants, 63.3% were smokers, and 50% consumed alcohol. Overweight and obesity were observed in 31% and 25.3% of drivers, respectively. Hypertension was noted in 24%, and 12.7% had diabetes. Psychological well-being was poor in 15.7% and moderate in 29% of participants, with poorer scores associated with obesity and substance use.

Conclusion: The study highlights significant health and behavioral risks among commercial drivers. Routine screening, health education, and stress management interventions are essential to mitigate long-term morbidity in this high-risk occupational group.