Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences最新文献

Background: Seablite (Suaeda maritima) grows near mangrove forests and shrimp farms on the coast of the Thai Gulf and South of Thailand. Extracts of S. maritima root can relieve or treat some skin symptoms or diseases, and it can be possessed.

Methods: The aim of this study was to screen phytochemical constituents of S. maritima root extract (SMRE) to determine their in vitro biological activities related to skincare properties.

Results and discussion: Qualitative phytochemical screening was positive for tannins and triterpenes. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were 191.3 ± 3.55 mg of GAE/g and 21.2 ± 2.09 mg of QE/g, respectively. SMRE inhibited the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) radical (IC₅₀ = 0.25 ± 0.2 mg/ml) and lipid peroxidation (IC₅₀ = 2.61 ± 0.5 mg/ml). Human skin fibroblasts were increased by 26.58 ± 5.91% after treatment with SMRE (1.0 mg/ml) and exhibited wound healing capacity by narrowing the gap between skin fibroblast clusters.

Conclusion: This study confirms the potential of SMRE for skincare protection which meets the need for traditional uses of plant-derived products for skincare applications.

Preterm and extremely low-birth-weight newborns are at a higher risk for early-onset neonatal sepsis (NN-SP). This condition is often linked to intrapartum fever, PROM, and sepsis occurring within the first day of life. The causal pathogen can be acquired through intrauterine transmission or from the mother's flora. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate PC and PI in cases involving NN-SP. Therefore, we can conclude that analyzing the PC and its indices can improve the prognosis of sepsis in NN. Studying NN using this method is a cost-effective approach that helps prevent mortality and morbidity. Early identification of newborn sepsis can help reduce the associated medical tests and medical bills. Clinical correlation with specific indicators and tools is a method for achieving this.

The study aimed to compare cephalometric hard tissue profile values and analysis between Bengali and Caucasian populations. The study included 100 individuals (50 males, 50 females) aged 18-35. Subjects having class I molar occlusions and well-balanced facial profiles were included in the study. Lateral cephalograms were taken with consent, and a prestructured proforma recorded relevant information and cephalometric measurements. Our study found increased posterior cranial base length in Bengali males and increased anterior cranial base length in both sexes. Bengali males had a less convex profile, while females had a more convex profile compared to Caucasians with similar mandibular features. Increased maxillary and mandibular incisor proclination was observed. Our findings indicate the necessity for separate norms for orthognathic surgery in normal ethnic Bengali adults.

Background: Genetic polymorphisms are common and contribute significantly to human illnesses.

Aim: This study was carried out to evaluate the importance of genetic variations in the genes expressing cancer-metabolizing enzymes (CYP1A1 and GSTM1) in individuals experiencing oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF).

Methods and materials: Based on the clinical and histological characteristics of OSMF, 40 patients were chosen for the study; 10 of these patients had considerable polymorphism and malignant transformation; therefore, they were placed in a different group. After receiving written agreement, 30 normal subject patients were also picked for the study. For both normal and OSMF patients, tissue samples and 2 ml of peripheral venous blood were drawn from the arm vein and placed in a heparinized test tube. Electrophoresis on 0.8% agarose gel was used to verify genomic DNA.

Results: The GSTM1 polymorphism, CYP1A1 polymorphism was 10.41% and 15.27% in normal subjects. The GSTM1 polymorphsm, CYP1A1 polymorphism was 16.21% and 8.14% in early OSMF. The GSTM1 polymorphsm, CYP1A1 polymorphism was 20.31% and 28.56% in moderate OSMF. The GSTM1 polymorphsm, CYP1A1 polymorphism was 8.12% and 12.54% in moderate OSMF. Finally, GSTM1 polymorphism was 60.47% in OSMF+ CA, while CYP1A1 polymorphism was 40.21%. The GSTM1 gene polymorphism and CYP1A1 gene polymorphism were maximum in OSMF+ CA category.

Conclusion: There is a significant role of genetic variations in the genes expressing cancer-metabolizing enzymes (CYP1A1) and GSTM1 in individuals experiencing OSMF.

Background: Neonatal nutrition plays a crucial role in the growth and development of infants, particularly in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) where specialized care is essential. This study aims to explore current practices, challenges, and innovations in the nutrition and feeding of neonates, focusing on the utilization of human milk, fortifiers, and formula.

Materials and methods: A retrospective clinical study was conducted at a tertiary care NICU over a period of two years. Data were collected from medical records of neonates admitted to the unit. Information regarding feeding practices, types of milk (human milk, fortified human milk, or formula), fortification protocols, and associated clinical outcomes were analyzed.

Results: A total of 150 neonates were included in the study. The majority (85%) received some form of human milk during their NICU stay, with 60% exclusively receiving human milk. Among those receiving human milk, 40% required fortification with a human milk fortifier due to inadequate growth parameters. Formula supplementation was necessary in 25% of cases due to maternal lactation insufficiency or medical contraindications to human milk. The mean duration of parenteral nutrition was 10 days, with a median time to full enteral feeds of 14 days. Infants receiving exclusively human milk demonstrated a lower incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) compared to those receiving formula (5% vs. 12%, P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Human milk remains the preferred source of nutrition for neonates in the NICU setting, associated with lower rates of NEC and improved clinical outcomes. However, fortification with human milk fortifiers or supplementation with formula is often necessary to meet the nutritional requirements of preterm infants. Further research is needed to optimize fortification protocols and improve long-term outcomes in this vulnerable population.

Background and objective: Sport-related concussions (SRC) are estimated to affect more than 55 million individuals annually. Physical therapists ought to have fundamental knowledge regarding the evaluation and treatment of SRC. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the physical therapists regarding SRC management in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and methods: The cross-sectional study enrolled 83 sports physical therapist who had atleast undergraduate degree and above in physical therapy from Riyadh region. The participants who worked outside the Riyadh region were excluded. A validated adopted questionnaire was used to evaluate the outcome measures.

Results: The study showed that sport physical therapists have a good understanding and knowledge about concussions having 3.91 ± 0.98 scores on the five-point Likert scale. In addition, participants were able to recognize concussion signs and symptoms correctly; however, they felt that they lacked confidence to make a decision regarding return to play.

Conclusion: Our study revealed important knowledge gaps regarding the utilization of concussion severity scales, management of youth concussion, and/or the use of neurological imaging modalities for diagnosing concussion cases.

Temporomandibular joint disorder is a common condition characterized by jaw joint and muscle pain and its treatment is often multifaceted. While conventional treatment modalities exist for the same, interest has grown in exploring alternative therapies such as antioxidants for their potential analgesic properties. The prospective therapeutic use of lycopene, a naturally occurring antioxidant present in tomatoes and other fruits, as an anti-inflammatory therapeutic modality in the management of temporomandibular joint problems is examined in this narrative review.

Background: Condensing osteitis (CO) is a common radiopaque lesion observed in the jaws, often detected incidentally on panoramic radiographs. Understanding the prevalence and characteristics of CO is essential for early detection and appropriate management.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of condensing osteitis among the Saudi population in the Qassim region.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using 876 digital panoramic radiographs. The presence of CO was identified based on specific radiographic features, and data were collected regarding gender, age, lesion localization, lesion shape, and associated dental status.

Results: The prevalence of CO was found to be 2.3% (n = 20) in the study population, with a higher predilection in females (1.4%) compared to males (0.9%). The most commonly affected age group was 30-39 years for males and 10-19 and 30-39 years for females. The mandibular molar region was predominantly affected (90%), with a 'U' shape observed in 55% of the lesions. Root canal treatment was the most commonly associated dental status (75%), followed by deep caries (20%) and large restorations (5%).

Conclusion: The study highlights a 2.3% prevalence of CO in the Saudi population of the Qassim region, with a higher predilection in females and a predominant localization in the mandibular molar region. Dental practitioners should be vigilant in identifying CO, especially in at-risk populations, to facilitate timely diagnosis and appropriate management.

Male infertility is known to be influenced by varicocele, a common vascular aberration marked by aberrant dilatation of the pampiniform plexus veins within the scrotum. In this instance, a 38-year-old man showed up with scrotal discomfort and swelling, which are clinical signs of varicocele. Scrotal ultrasonography provided diagnostic confirmation, confirming the existence of varicocele and identifying a concomitant minor hemorrhage in the left scrotal sac. Despite the initiation of conservative measures, such as bed rest, cryotherapy, and analgesics, the patient's clinical course was marked by persistent scrotal swelling and hematoma formation. Subsequently, interventional radiological techniques were employed, specifically coil deployment and varicocele embolization. These interventions demonstrated significant efficacy, leading to a notable reduction in the presenting symptoms. Follow-up assessments, conducted post intervention, indicated a complete resolution of both pain and hematoma. This clinical trajectory underscores the pivotal role of interventional radiology in managing varicocele-related complications. The multi-faceted nature of this case highlights the necessity of a comprehensive, inter-disciplinary approach integrating radiological interventions for the effective management of varicocele-associated symptoms, potentially optimizing reproductive health outcomes.

Localized unilateral hyperhidrosis (LUH) is a rare disorder with intense sweating in a specific area, often without common triggers. This study details a 32-year-old man with activity-induced unilateral sweating. Comprehensive tests ruled out serious conditions. This unique case adds to the limited reports of LUH in healthy individuals.