Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences最新文献

Introduction: One of the main causes of illness and death in both India and globally is coronary artery disease, or CAD. Previously, the majority of conventional catheter examinations were performed simply for diagnostic purposes. So, a noninvasive and trustworthy method was highly desirable for early CAD detection and coronary artery imaging.

Material and methods: Symptomatic patients attending the routine cardiac outpatient department at RIMS, Ranchi, who were advised to undergo coronary CT angiography (CCTA) for further evaluation in the Department of Radiodiagnosis were included.

Results: A total of 101 symptomatic patients were studied for patency of coronary vessels in both CCTA and conventional coronary angiography. Based on the CCTA of the 101 patients, majority of the patients belong to single vessel disease. CCTA revealed 124 lesions, of which 101 were considered serious with a majority of lesions in the left anterior descending. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the multidetector computed tomography were 98.4, 91.7, 95, and 97.05%.

Conclusion: CCTA is a good negative predictive value technique for coronary stenosis and is relatively trustworthy.

Objective: The study aims to evaluate the impact of chemical disinfection using ozone water and glutaraldehyde on the surface detail reproduction (SDR) of vinyl polyether silicone (VPES) impression material at different time intervals.

Methodology: VPES impressions were categorized into light-body and heavy-body groups and further divided based on the disinfectant used (ozone water or glutaraldehyde) and the time interval of disinfection (T1: 15 minutes and T2: 24 hours). A total of 80 impressions (40 light-body and 40 heavy-body) were prepared and subjected to the respective disinfection protocols. The SDR was evaluated using a standard scoring system to determine the quality of detail reproduction.

Results: Ozone water demonstrated superior performance in preserving surface detail compared to glutaraldehyde at both T1 and T2 for both light-body VPES and heavy-body VPES. Light-body VPES showed better SDR scores compared to heavy-body VPES across all conditions. Specifically, for light-body VPES, the mean SDR scores at T1 were significantly better for ozone water compared to glutaraldehyde (mean scores: 1.00 vs. 1.27, P = 0.046). For heavy-body VPES, ozone water also performed better at T1 compared to glutaraldehyde (mean scores: 1.27 vs. 1.67, P = 0.034). Disinfection at T1 resulted in better SDR scores compared to T2 for both light-body VPES and heavy-body VPES.

Conclusion: Ozone water is a more effective disinfectant than glutaraldehyde for preserving the surface detail of VPES impressions, especially when disinfection is conducted for a shorter duration (15 minutes).

Background: Dental caries is a prevalent oral health issue, primarily resulting from demineralization of the enamel. Remineralizing agents such as sodium fluoride (NaF) have been widely used to counteract this process. Recent studies suggest that natural extracts, such as grape seed extract (GSE), may also have significant remineralizing properties. This study aims to compare the efficacy of GSE and NaF on surface and subsurface enamel lesions in an in vitro setting.

Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, 60 extracted human premolars were randomly divided into three groups of 20 each: control (no treatment), NaF treatment, and GSE treatment. Artificial enamel lesions were created on the buccal surfaces of all samples. The NaF group was treated with a 5% sodium fluoride solution, while the GSE group received a 6.5% grape seed extract solution. Treatments were applied daily for 10 days. Surface microhardness (SMH) and cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) were measured before and after treatment to assess remineralization.

Results: The NaF group showed a significant increase in SMH (45%) and CSMH (35%) compared to the control group. The GSE group demonstrated a similar trend with a 40% increase in SMH and a 30% increase in CSMH. Both treatments were significantly more effective than the control (P < 0.05), with no significant difference between the NaF and GSE groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: Grape seed extract exhibits comparable remineralizing efficacy to sodium fluoride on both surface and subsurface enamel lesions in vitro. These findings suggest that GSE could be a viable natural alternative to fluoride for the prevention and treatment of dental caries.

Eclipta alba Linn, commonly known as Bhringaraja, exhibits significant antioxidant activity as demonstrated in various studies. Research has shown that E. alba contains bioactive components such as wedelolactone, dimethyl wedelolactone, flavonoids, and sterols, contributing to its antioxidant properties. Studies have evaluated the antioxidant activity of E. alba through assays like DPPH scavenging and reducing power assays, highlighting its effectiveness in scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. Additionally, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents in E. alba extracts have been linked to its potent antioxidant capabilities, further supporting its role as a natural antioxidant source. Overall, E. alba antioxidant potential makes it a promising candidate for further exploration in the development of pharmacologically active natural products with antioxidant properties.

Objective: The objective of the research was to ascertain whether serum levels of the biochemical markers adiponectin and leptin are related to clinical periodontal characteristics.

Materials and method: For the study, 20 people with chronic periodontitis (Group A) and 20 healthy people (Group B) were enrolled. Assessments were conducted on periodontal markers, including bleeding on probing (POP), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used to assess the levels of adiponectin and leptin in serum samples.

Result: There was significant elevation in average level of leptin in chronic periodontitis in association to that in healthy group. On the other hand, there was considerable decrease in serum adiponectin in group A in association to healthy group. The ratio of leptinadiponectin was appreciably greater amongst periodontitis group compared to healthy group.

Conclusion: The current investigation leads us to the conclusion that the pathophysiology of periodontitis is significantly influenced by serum levels of adiponectin and leptin.

The study aimed to evaluate soft tissue changes resulting from orthognathic surgery, specifically LeFort osteotomy, and distraction osteogenesis, in individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP) suffering from midface hypoplasia. Following PRISMA guidelines, eight papers met inclusion criteria, with six providing quantitative data for meta-analysis. Notably, significant improvements were observed in both hard and soft tissues, particularly with horizontal maxillary advancement. Overall, orthognathic surgery positively influenced soft tissue profiles, especially the combination of LeFort osteotomy and sagittal split osteotomy. Moreover, maxillary distraction osteogenesis demonstrated superior soft tissue changes compared to LeFort I osteotomy alone, suggesting avenues for further research and potential enhancements.

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) pose a major health concern worldwide, especially in paediatric oncology where unlicensed or off-label drugs are commonly used. These reactions can have a significant impact on the quality of treatment and the safety of patients, particularly in vulnerable paediatric populations.

Aims and objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the occurrence and characteristics of chemotherapy-related adverse drug reactions in children with cancer at a teaching hospital specialising in advanced medical care. Furthermore, it aims to evaluate the intensity and cause of these reactions by utilising the NARANJO probability scale and other assessment instruments.

Materials and methods: During a three-month period, we conducted a study at SMGS Jammu, in collaboration with GMC Jammu's Pharmacology Department. The study was observational in nature and followed a prospective approach. The study included 45 children undergoing chemotherapy, utilising both spontaneous and intensive monitoring systems to report and analyse adverse drug reactions. We conducted statistical analysis using Chi-Square and Fisher Exact tests.

Results: Among the 45 patients included in the study, 20 individuals (44.44%) experienced adverse drug reactions (ADRs), with a higher prevalence observed among female patients (55%). Fever and vomiting were the most common adverse drug reactions observed, with most of them being classified as moderate in severity based on the Modified Hartwig and Siegel Scale. Commonly linked medications to adverse drug reactions include Methotrexate, Vincristine, L-asparaginase, and Cytarabine. There was no significant statistical link discovered between different categories of anticancer drugs and adverse drug reactions.

Conclusion: this study highlights the prevalence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in children undergoing chemotherapy, particularly in those receiving treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The findings emphasise the significant impact of ADRs on these patients. It is of utmost importance to closely monitor and manage adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in paediatric oncology, emphasising the importance of implementing improved drug safety measures.

Background: Parasitic infections remain a significant public health concern, particularly in underserved communities where access to healthcare and sanitation is limited. This study aims to investigate the incidence and pathological characteristics of parasitic infections in such communities, providing insights into the prevalence and impact of these infections on public health.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in underserved communities over a period of one year. A total of 500 participants were randomly selected and screened for parasitic infections through stool and blood samples. The samples were analyzed using microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques to identify and quantify parasitic species. Pathological examinations were performed to assess the impact of infections on host tissues.

Results: The incidence of parasitic infections was found to be 35% among the study population. The most common parasites identified were Ascaris lumbricoides (40%), Giardia lamblia (25%), and Entamoeba histolytica (20%). Pathological analysis revealed that Ascaris lumbricoides caused significant intestinal inflammation in 30% of infected individuals, while Giardia lamblia was associated with malabsorption syndrome in 15% of cases. Entamoeba histolytica was linked to liver abscesses in 10% of the infected participants.

Conclusion: Parasitic infections are highly prevalent in underserved communities, with significant pathological impacts on affected individuals.

Background: Assessment is a key feature of teaching and the curriculum. It has a massive impact on the quality of learning. It is observed that at the postgraduate level, 80% of trainees are not observed, and the remaining were observed not more than once in their three years programme. Current assessment of postgraduate students is at the end of three years. It predominantly assesses the cognitive part and no scope to improve their clinical skills. In view of it, this study was planned to conduct formative assessment for postgraduate students with the help of Mini-CEX and DOPS and to seek their perception.

Methods: The postgraduate students of Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma were invited voluntarily. Total 24 students (including first, second, and third year) were sensitized about the procedure of Mini-CEX and DOPS. The "encounters" were planned and schedule was displayed with names of student and teacher. The type of case was decided together by teacher and student. Each student was exposed to two Mini-CEX and two DOPS). Specific systemic examination and procedures were selected for Mini-CEX and DOPS, respectively. The time allocated for Mini-CEX and DOPS was as per the type of procedure but usually 15 minutes was allotted to each encounter for observation.

Result: Overall students' feedback about formative assessment was positive helping them to identify the gaps in their knowledge, and motivating them to learn.

Conclusion: Mini-CEX and DOPS were well accepted by students as well as faculties as a formative assessment tool.

Background and objective: Zirconia endocrowns are a popular restorative option due to their fracture resistance and aesthetic appeal, but the influence of different preparation designs on their performance remains underexplored. This study evaluated the effects of preparation design and the occlusal thickness on the fracture strength and failure modes of zirconia endocrowns in endodontically treated teeth.

Materials and methods: Thirty-two extracted human mandibular first molars were endodontically treated and divided into four groups (n = 8), based on margin design and occlusal thickness: Group A: 2 mm butt joint with 3 mm occlusal thickness, Group B: 1 mm butt joint with 4 mm occlusal thickness, Group C: 2 mm ferrule with 3 mm occlusal thickness, and Group D: 1 mm ferrule with 4 mm occlusal thickness. Zirconia endocrowns were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology and cemented with self-adhesive resin cement. The specimens were subjected to thermocycling and then tested for fracture strength using a universal testing machine. Failure modes were analyzed under a stereomicroscope. Data were statistically analyzed.

Results: Group B showed the highest mean fracture strength (6655.66 N), followed by Group D at 6091.00 N. Group C exhibited the lowest fracture strength (4867.41 N), although the differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.121). Type V failure was the most common failure mode across all groups, with 100% occurrence in both 2 mm margin groups (Groups A and C).

Conclusion: Margin design and occlusal thickness appeared to influence the fracture strength and failure modes of zirconia endocrowns; the differences were not significant.