Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences最新文献

Background: Periodontal intrabony defects are a key therapeutic target in regenerative periodontal therapy. Autografts and freeze-dried bone allografts (FDBA) are widely used for grafting purposes.

Aim: To clinically and radiographically compare the efficacy of autograft and FDBA in the treatment of intrabony defects over 12 months.

Materials and methods: A total of 24 systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis presenting with comparable intrabony defects were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A (Autograft) and Group B (FDBA). Clinical parameters-gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S), probing pocket depth (PPD), and relative attachment level (RAL)-were recorded at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Radiographic assessment using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed at baseline and 12 months to evaluate percentage bone fill.

Results: Both groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements in all clinical parameters (P < 0.05). Group A showed a slightly greater reduction in PPD and gain in RAL compared to Group B at 12 months. CBCT analysis revealed a mean bone fill of 58.6% in Group A and 50.3% in Group B.

Conclusion: Both autograft and FDBA showed clinically and radiographically favorable outcomes in intrabony defect regeneration. However, autograft demonstrated slightly superior efficacy, though the difference was not statistically significant.

Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are commonly observed in edentulous patients, potentially exacerbated by improper occlusal schemes in complete dentures. Various occlusal concepts, including balanced occlusion, lingualized occlusion, and monoplane occlusion, are used in prosthodontics, each claiming advantages in preserving TMJ health.

Materials and methods: A total of 60 completely edentulous patients aged between 50 and 75 years were selected and randomly divided into three groups (n = 20) based on the occlusal scheme: Group A - Balanced Occlusion, Group B - Lingualized Occlusion, and Group C - Monoplane Occlusion. All patients received new maxillary and mandibular complete dentures fabricated using conventional techniques. TMJ health was assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-insertion using Helkimo's Clinical Dysfunction Index and patient-reported outcomes on pain and joint sounds.

Results: At the 6-month follow-up, Group A showed minimal TMJ symptoms with a mean dysfunction index score of 0.8 ± 0.5, compared to 1.2 ± 0.6 in Group B and 2.1 ± 0.7 in Group C. Joint sounds and pain were reported in 10% of patients in Group A, 15% in Group B, and 35% in Group C. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the groups (P < 0.05), favoring balanced occlusion for TMJ stability.

Conclusion: Balanced occlusion in complete dentures appears to better maintain TMJ health compared to lingualized and monoplane schemes. It minimizes joint dysfunction symptoms and improves patient comfort over time.

Background: An effective procedure to disinfect root canals and seal them involves the removal of a smear layer. Different irrigation activating methods are established to ameliorate the effectiveness of smear layer removal, but their efficiency in comparison is problematic.

Objective: To compare and assess the efficacy of three methods of irrigation activation, which included manual dynamic agitation (MDA), sonic activation (EndoActivator), and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in the removal of the smear layer on root canal walls.

Materials and methods: Sixty extracted human mandibular single-rooted premolars were decoronated and prepared to F3 using the rotary ProTaper universal system. Each sample was randomly allocated into four groups (n = 15): group I (control, syringe irrigation), group II (MDA), group III (EndoActivator), and group IV (PUI). The last wash had 5 mL of 17% EDTA, 8 and 5 mL of 3* NaOCl. The degree of smear layer removal in coronal, middle, and apical areas was evaluated and calculated by utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and given a positive score depending on a 5-point scale. Analysis of data was done through ANOVA combined with Tukey post-hoc (P < 0.05).

Results: PUI (Group IV) excelled especially in the smear layer removal in all the thirds (mean: score 1.4 + 0.5), followed by EndoActivator (1.8 + 0.6), MDA (2.3 + 0.7) and syringe irrigation (3.6 + 0.4). The results provided significant differences between PUI and other groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Passive ultrasonic irrigation proved to be the most efficient procedure used in removal of smear layer, especially in the apical third, and therefore, it can be utilized in order to enhance results in endodontics.

Background: Restoration of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) often necessitates the use of post and core systems to ensure functional and structural longevity. However, the long-term performance of various post and core materials remains the subject of clinical interest. Hence the aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the longevity and failure modes of three commonly used post and core systems-fiber-reinforced composite (FRC), prefabricated metal, and custom-cast post systems-in ETT over a 3-year follow-up period.

Methods: A total of ninety patients (aged 25-50 years) with single-rooted endodontically treated premolars were recruited and randomly allocated into three groups (n = 30 each): Group A - FRC posts, Group B - prefabricated metal posts, Group C - custom-cast posts. All teeth were restored with full-coverage crowns. Clinical evaluations were conducted at 6-month intervals for 36 months. Survival rates and failure patterns were recorded. Statistical analysis included Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and log-rank tests.

Results: At 36 months, Group A (FRC) exhibited a survival rate of 93.3%, Group B (metal) 86.7%, and Group C (custom-cast) 80.0%. The most frequent failure mode in Group A was debonding (6.7%), in Group B was post loosening (10.0%), and in Group C was root fracture (13.3%). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in survival among groups (P = 0.041), with Group A outperforming Group C.

Conclusion: FRC posts demonstrated superior longevity and a more favorable failure pattern over prefabricated metal and custom-cast posts in endodontically treated teeth, suggesting their preferable use in clinical practice for long-term success.

Background: Tobacco use remains a significant public health concern in both rural and urban populations, contributing to a wide array of oral and systemic health complications. Dental professionals play a pivotal role in identifying and educating patients about the risks of tobacco use and facilitating cessation. However, awareness levels and accessibility to cessation support may vary between rural and urban populations. This study aims to assess and compare the awareness of tobacco cessation among dental patients in rural and urban settings.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was conducted over a period of three months across two dental clinics-one located in an urban setting and the other in a rural area. A total of 400 patients were recruited (200 urban, 200 rural). A structured and validated questionnaire assessed awareness regarding the health risks of tobacco, knowledge of cessation methods, and attitude towards quitting. Data were analyzed using SPSS software Version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were employed to determine significant differences between groups, with a significance level set at P < 0.05.

Results: Out of the total 400 participants, 58% of urban patients demonstrated high awareness of tobacco-related health risks compared to 34% in the rural group. Knowledge of cessation aids like nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and counseling was reported in 42% of urban respondents and only 18% of rural respondents. Willingness to quit tobacco use within the next six months was significantly higher among urban participants (64%) than rural participants (39%) (P = 0.002). The difference in awareness and readiness to quit between the two groups was statistically significant.

Conclusion: The study reveals a considerable disparity in tobacco cessation awareness between urban and rural dental patients. Targeted educational and cessation interventions tailored to rural populations are essential to bridge this gap and promote healthier behaviors across all demographics.

Background: The long-term success of dental implants is strongly influenced by peri-implant soft tissue attachment and maintenance of crestal bone. Laser microtextured collar implants are designed to enhance epithelial and connective tissue adhesion, potentially improving biological seal, and reducing marginal bone loss.

Materials and methods: A total of 40 patients requiring single posterior mandibular implants were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups (n = 20 each): Group A (laser microtextured collar implants) and Group B (machined collar implants). Clinical parameters such as probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and peri-implant mucosal thickness were assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Radiographic assessment of crestal bone level changes was performed using standardized digital periapical radiographs. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA (α = 0.05).

Results: At 12 months, Group A showed significantly lower mean PD (2.1 ± 0.3 mm) compared to Group B (2.8 ± 0.4 mm, P < 0.001). BOP was observed in 10% of sites in Group A and 35% in Group B (P = 0.04). The mean crestal bone loss in Group A was 0.39 ± 0.11 mm, significantly lower than 0.74 ± 0.14 mm in Group B (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Laser microtextured collar implants demonstrated superior soft tissue integration and reduced crestal bone loss compared to conventional implants, suggesting their potential benefit in enhancing peri-implant tissue stability and implant longevity.

Background: Circadian genes regulate biological rhythms and are increasingly recognized for their role in bone remodeling. Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells respond dynamically to orthodontic forces, and the influence of circadian gene oscillations on this response remains unclear.

Methods: Primary hPDLFs were cultured and exposed to a 2 g/cm² compressive force using a Flexcell FX-5000 system for 24 hours. Samples were collected at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to assess circadian gene expression. GAPDH was used as a housekeeping gene. Expression levels were normalized and compared using one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey tests.

Results: BMAL1 and CLOCK showed significant rhythmic upregulation with peak expression at 12 hours (BMAL1: 2.31 ± 0.41-fold; CLOCK: 2.10 ± 0.36-fold; P < 0.01), while PER1 and CRY1 peaked at 18 hours (PER1: 2.44 ± 0.39-fold; CRY1: 2.13 ± 0.33-fold; P < 0.01). A strong inverse correlation was observed between BMAL1 and PER1 expression (r = -0.76, P = 0.002).

Conclusion: Circadian genes in PDL cells demonstrate time-dependent expression under orthodontic force, suggesting a regulatory role in mechanotransduction and tissue remodeling. Chronotherapy could potentially optimize orthodontic outcomes by aligning force application with biological rhythms.

Background and objective: Various chelating compounds in combination with sodium hypochlorite were tested for their effects on root fracture toughness of ultrasonically activated endodontically treated teeth.

Materials and methods: Based on irrigant combination, 50 extracted lower premolar teeth were randomly assigned to five groups of 10. Group 1 (negative control), Group 2 (positive control), Group 3 (3% sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl] +17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), Group 4 (3% NaOCl + 18% etidronic acid), and Group 5 (3% NaOCl + 10% citric acid). Ultrasound is used to activate irrigants. The obturated samples were tested using a universal testing machine for root fracture toughness.

Results: It was found that endodontic treatment decreased root fracture toughness. Additionally, chelating agents reduce fracture resistance. This study found that 10% citric acid has the least effect on root dentin fracture resistance.

Conclusion: Irrigation with various chelating agents and sodium hypochlorite reduces endodontic tooth fracture resistance. Citric acid was the most effective against fractures.

Background: Airborne microplastics have emerged as a potential environmental health hazard, with increasing evidence of their presence in urban air. This study aimed to detect microplastic particles in human bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and assess associated respiratory health impacts.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 adult patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy. BAL fluid was collected and analyzed using polarized light microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to identify microplastics. Inflammatory markers and pulmonary function tests were recorded and compared between individuals with and without detectable microplastics.

Results: Microplastics were detected in 70% of BAL samples, with polyethylene (52.4%) and polypropylene (31.0%) being the most common polymers. Participants with microplastic exposure showed significantly lower mean FEV1 values (66.3%) compared to nonexposed individuals (82.7%). Inflammatory markers such as neutrophils and eosinophils were also elevated in the exposed group. A higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms was noted among those with detectable microplastics.

Conclusion: The study highlights the presence of inhaled microplastics in the lower respiratory tract and their potential association with inflammation and impaired lung function. These findings emphasize the need for monitoring environmental exposure and assessing long-term health risks.

Background: Dental implant success depends on optimal osseointegration and soft tissue integration. Titanium surfaces experience biological aging over time, reducing their bioactivity. Photofunctionalization using ultraviolet (UV) light has been proposed to restore titanium surface properties and enhance clinical outcomes.

Materials and methods: A split-mouth study was conducted with 20 implants placed in 10 patients. Group I (n = 10) received non-photofunctionalized immediate implants, while Group II (n = 10) received photofunctionalized immediate implants. Soft tissue healing was assessed using intraoral scanning at days 0, 3, 6, and 15. Crestal bone levels were evaluated using radiovisiography at baseline, 2-, 4-, and 6-month postloading.

Results: Photofunctionalized implants demonstrated significantly superior soft tissue healing (79.734% vs. 61.612% at day 15, P = 0.001). Additionally, photofunctionalized implants showed crestal bone gain (0.513 mm at 6 months), whereas non-photofunctionalized implants exhibited bone loss (-0.506 mm at 6 months), with statistically significant differences (P = 0.001).

Conclusion: Photofunctionalization enhances soft tissue healing and promotes crestal bone gain, potentially improving long-term implant success rates.