Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences最新文献

Background: Osteopenia refers to bone density that is not only normal but also not as low as that noted in osteoporosis. Osteopenia leads to osteoporosis and increases the risk of fractures. Current research is focused on agents that will prevent or slow the progression of bone loss.

The objectives of the study: To assess the pretest and posttest levels of osteopenia among postmenopausal women, and to assess the effectiveness of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) on postmenopausal women with osteopenia.

Methodology: A true experimental study design using targeted sampling techniques was used to conduct 60 patients with osteopenia. The data were collected with the help of structured questionnaires. Confidentiality was maintained throughout the process. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inference statistics.

Result: A total of 60 participants completed this study. The percent BMD changes in the CQ-treated groups did not differ at any site after 24 weeks compared to the placebo. Reduced bone remodeling activity was detected in both CQ-treated groups. These results correlated with the within-group comparison, which showed a continuously significant increase in both BTMs in the placebo group.

Conclusion: This is the first clinical report that showed a promising effect on delaying bone loss of oral administration of CQ for 24 weeks, as indicated by a slower bone remodeling process via a reduction in BTMs. However, no change in BMD was observed.

Smartphone addiction among undergraduate students has become a pressing concern due to its association with perceived stress levels and negative impacts on their well-being and academic performance. Quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control group samples was 100 students. Mindfulness training by using the smartphone application in four meetings for four weeks, whereas the control group was given mindfulness training after the study in the eight weeks. Anxiety is measured by the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale instrument. Data were analyzed by using Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. The study found that anxiety levels decreased after mindfulness training while in the control group, anxiety increased at posttest, indicating a significant difference. Mindfulness training through smartphone devices SIMBA application has a significant effect on reducing anxiety levels in third-year nursing students. These findings demonstrate the necessity of educating students about the detrimental consequences of smartphone addiction on mental health, especially perceived stress and promoting the adoption of coping mechanisms.

Introduction: For the best possible clinical results, dental implant systems must have their biomechanical characteristics thoroughly evaluated. These systems are essential to restorative dentistry. The purpose of this study was to analyze the resistance and stress distribution of prosthetic screws across five distinct implant systems.

Methods: The stress distribution on prosthesis screws was evaluated, and loading conditions were simulated using finite element analysis (FEA). To assess the screws' resistance to torque forces, mechanical testing was done.

Findings: Among the implant systems, there were notable differences in torque resistance and stress distribution. System A had the least amount of stress and the most torque resistance, whereas System E displayed the most stress and the least torque resistance.

Conclusion: The results emphasize the significance of taking biomechanical characteristics into account when choosing implant systems for clinical usage, which has ramifications for patient care and treatment planning. Additional investigation concentrating on thorough clinical assessments is necessary to confirm these results and enhance treatment plans.

Background: Osteoclastogenesis, the formation of osteoclasts from precursor cells, plays a pivotal role in bone remodeling and associated pathologies like osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Host modulatory agents (HMAs) have emerged as potential therapeutic candidates for modulating osteoclastogenesis. However, their effects need comprehensive evaluation through in vitro studies.

Materials and methods: In this study, we conducted an in vitro assessment of the effects of a novel HMA on osteoclastogenesis. Primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages were cultured with the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand to induce osteoclast differentiation. The HMA was administered at various concentrations, and osteoclastogenesis was evaluated through tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, osteoclast size measurement, and gene expression analysis of osteoclast markers.

Results: Treatment with the HMA resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of osteoclast formation. At the highest concentration (100 μM), osteoclastogenesis was significantly suppressed, with a reduction in the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells from 50 ± 5 to 10 ± 2 per field (P < 0.001). Moreover, the osteoclast size was markedly reduced, with an average diameter of 20 ± 3 μm compared to 35 ± 4 μm in the control group (P < 0.05). Gene expression analysis revealed downregulation of osteoclast-specific markers, including TRAP, Cathepsin K, and NFATc1, confirming the inhibitory effect of the HMA on osteoclastogenesis.

Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the potential of the investigated HMA as a modulator of osteoclastogenesis. By suppressing osteoclast formation and activity, this agent holds promise for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting bone resorption-associated disorders.

This case report presents the clinical and technical aspects of fabricating and rehabilitating a patient with a custom-designed ocular prosthesis following enucleation due to ocular malignancy. The report details the patient's history, clinical examination, and the step-by-step process of prosthesis fabrication. The aim is to highlight the importance of a multi-disciplinary approach involving ophthalmologists and maxillofacial prosthodontists in providing optimal esthetic and functional outcomes for patients with ocular defects.

Background: Anxiety is an unpleasant feeling that is typically associated with uneasiness, fear, or worry. It is a normal human emotion that everyone experiences at times many people feel anxious or nervous, when faced with a problem at work, before making an important decision. Anxiety in extreme form, may cause distress which interferes with a person's ability to lead a normal life.

Aims: This Study aims is to assess the effectiveness of Emotional Freedom Techniques on Anxiety Among Wives of Alcoholics.

Method: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent research design with a nonprobability sampling technique was used to conduct a study among 30 wives of alcoholic patients. A generalized anxiety disorder scale (7-point scale) was used to assess the level of anxiety among alcoholic wives. Confidentiality was maintained throughout the research. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.

Result: The result shows that in the pretest, 70 (70%) had no anxiety, 12 (12%) had mild anxiety, and 18 (18%) had moderate anxiety whereas in the post-test, 85 (85%) had no anxiety, 13 (13%) had mild anxiety, and 2 (2%) had moderate anxiety among wives of alcoholics.

Conclusion: This study revealed that among wives of alcoholics, a significant proportion had anxiety about the alcoholic spouse by Emotional freedom techniques.

Background: Patient anxiety is known to influence various aspects of dental procedures, including endodontic treatments. However, the extent of its impact on the efficacy of such procedures remains uncertain. Understanding this influence is crucial for improving patient outcomes and optimizing treatment protocols.

Materials and methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 100 patients undergoing endodontic procedures. Patient anxiety levels were assessed using standardized anxiety scales before and after treatment. The efficacy of endodontic procedures was evaluated based on posttreatment pain scores, success rates of root canal treatments, and patient-reported satisfaction levels.

Results: The mean pre-treatment anxiety score was 45.7 (SD = 9.2), while the mean posttreatment anxiety score reduced significantly to 32.4 (SD = 7.6), indicating a significant reduction in anxiety levels following endodontic procedures (P < 0.001). Posttreatment pain scores were lower in patients with reduced anxiety levels, with an average pain score of 2.1 (SD = 1.3) compared to 3.8 (SD = 1.6) in patients with persistently high-anxiety levels (P = 0.002). Additionally, the success rate of root canal treatments was higher in patients with lower anxiety levels (85%) than those with higher anxiety levels (65%) (P = 0.015). Overall patient satisfaction was also significantly higher in the low-anxiety group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Patient anxiety significantly influences the efficacy of endodontic procedures, affecting posttreatment pain, success rates of root canal treatments, and patient satisfaction levels. Efforts to reduce patient anxiety before and during endodontic procedures may lead to improved treatment outcomes and higher patient satisfaction.

Background: Endodontic retreatment is crucial for preserving dental health but is influenced by various factors.

Objective: This research aimed to assess factors affecting the success of endodontic retreatment procedures.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 250 cases of endodontic retreatment. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and treatment success was defined based on predetermined criteria. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate associations between treatment factors and retreatment outcomes.

Results: The overall success rate was 75%. Rotary instrumentation, gutta-percha obturation, and use of intracanal medication were significantly associated with higher retreatment success rates (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Factors such as instrumentation type, obturation material, and intracanal medication significantly influence endodontic retreatment success. Understanding and optimizing these factors are crucial for improving treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Background: Because of its high rates of morbidity and death, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) poses a serious threat to world health. To maximize patient care and direct clinical decision-making, it is important to comprehend treatment results and survival rates.

Methods: Treatment results and survival rates for OSCC patients treated at a tertiary care facility between 2010 and 2022 were assessed in this retrospective research. Demographic data, tumor features, treatment options, and follow-up results were all included in the data. The relationships between treatment methods and survival rates were evaluated by statistical analysis.

Results: There were 107 OSCC patients in all. Compared to radiation and chemotherapy, surgery had reduced recurrence rates and greater overall survival rates as the most common treatment option. There were notable variations in survival rates across the various treatment regimens (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Surgery is the mainstay. Adjuvant treatments, however, are complementary in the management of illness. The significance of customized treatment strategies based on unique patient attributes and tumor features is highlighted by this study in order to maximize results for patients with OSCC. To confirm these results and investigate cutting-edge treatment approaches, more investigation is necessary.

Objective: The objective of this research was to compare the longstanding stability of single-piece implant systems to typical two-piece systems by analyzing patient records retrospectively.

Methods: A retrospective examination of patient records from January 2010 to December 2020 was undertaken at the Department of Oral Implantology, University Hospital. The research included dental rehabilitation patients who got single- or two-piece implant systems. Patient demographics, implant features, surgical procedures, and follow-up results were extracted. Implant success rates, stability defined by resonance frequency analysis (RFA) utilizing Osstell ISQ®, and peri-implant bone loss evaluated by standardized periapical radiographs at baseline and follow-up visits were the main outcomes.

Results: The research involved 320 patients (160 per cohort). The average patient age was 52.7 years, with 55% men. The mandibular region received 65% of implants, and the maxillary region the rest. Single-piece cohort A had 94.6% implant success, and two-piece cohort B 96.2%. Implant success rates were similar between cohorts (P = 0.412). The mean ISQ scores were 72.4 ± 4.8 in cohort A and 74.8 ± 5.1 in cohort B (P = 0.086). Peri-implant bone loss was 1.8 ± 0.7 mm in cohort A and 1.4 ± 0.6 mm in cohort B (P = 0.031).

Conclusion: Single-piece implant systems provide a stable and successful alternative to classic two-piece systems. However, patient selection, surgical technique, and monitoring are essential to reduce peri-implant problems and improve clinical results. To improve implant dentistry patient care and evidence-based clinical practice, single-piece and two-piece implant systems' design, biomechanical features, and longstanding performance should be studied.