Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences最新文献

Introduction: Post-surgery acute pain is often uncontrolled, causing significant harm to patients, despite improvements in pain management. Music therapy can help to reduce physiological and psychological stress, making it a valuable tool for stress and pain Alleviation.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy on pain, stress, and physiological parameters among postoperative patients.

Methods: With 60 samples that matched the inclusion criteria, a quasi-experimental pretest and posttest study methodology was used. Before the music intervention, after the postoperative day 0, and after the intervention on the 7^th postoperative day, the physiological parameters for both groups were collected together with the pain score and stress level using a Numerical Rating scale (NRS) and Perceived Stress Scale. Both descriptive and inferential statistics have been used for the data.

Result: In comparison to the control group, there was a significant decrease in the study group's mean scores for pain and stress, and found significant changes in physiological variables such as pulse rate, SPO2, respiration rate, and systolic and diastolic BP.

Conclusion: Among postoperative patients, music was found to have positive effects on pain, stress, and physiological markers.

The case study investigates the journey of a couple facing infertility. It intensifies the challenges, including poor oocyte quality and endometriosis. In spite of two failed in vitro fertilization cycles, the decision for ovum pickup (OPU) was made, followed by intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), embryo treatment with melatonin, and frozen embryo transfer (FET) to optimize the chances of a successful pregnancy. The couple opted for this approach. OPU yielded four poor-quality oocytes, prompting ICSI and melatonin treatment to enhance embryo quality. The embryos were exposed to culture supplementation with melatonin for 72 hours before being transferred to conventional media. After 5 days or 120 hours, the embryos developed into 3BB quality blastocysts, indicative of developmental stage and morphology. The blastocysts were then cryopreserved, and after 2 months, FET was conducted, resulting in the transfer of two embryos, which subsequently led to a positive pregnancy indication, as indicated by a β-hCG level of 233 mUI/ml measured 14 days post transfer. This approach highlights the effectiveness of melatonin supplementation in improving embryo quality and ultimately facilitating successful pregnancy in complex scenarios like endometriosis-related infertility.

Cementoblastoma is an odontogenic tumor of benign nature. It is of mesenchymal origin with a relatively low incidence of reappearance. Hereby we present a case report of a 14-year-old male patient with recurrent swelling on the right mandibular posterior region. Despite surgical removal of the tumor mass along with the right first molar, recurrence of the lesion was noticed. Hence, our report gives an insight on the treatment and management of the lesion by en-bloc resection on the right side of the mandible.

Body temperature is a crucial indicator in assessing human physiological activity and health, particularly in pediatric and critically ill patients. This study aimed to compare temperature recordings obtained from digital calibrated thermometers with calibrated infrared thermometers and non-calibrated infrared thermometers against calibrated ones. An observational prospective study was conducted at AIIMS Bhopal, involving volunteers and febrile patients who consented to participate. Approval was obtained from the Institutional Human Ethics Committee, and 200 participants meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria were included. Data were collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Mean and variance values were computed for both volunteer and febrile patient groups. The P values in both groups were less than 0.05, indicating a significant difference between non-calibrated handheld infrared thermometers (T1), calibrated digital thermometers (T2), and their individual comparison with calibrated infrared thermometers (T3). Variance was higher in non-calibrated infrared thermometers (T1) compared to calibrated ones (T2) in both healthy volunteers and febrile patients. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis within the febrile patient group demonstrated a robust positive correlation among all three thermometers compared to the healthy volunteers group. The study highlights variations in temperature readings when using different thermometers, irrespective of whether the assessment is conducted on healthy volunteers or febrile patients. Notably, the strength of association is lower in healthy volunteers than in febrile patients, suggesting that the interchangeability of thermometers may be more reliable and sufficient when assessing individuals with fever. These findings underscore the importance of careful consideration and validation of thermometer choices, especially in clinical settings where accurate temperature measurement is critical.

Background: One common inflammatory illness that affects periodontal tissues is chronic periodontitis. By lowering inflammation and getting rid of periodontal bacteria, nonsurgical periodontal management is essential for treating chronic periodontitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of chlorhexidine and feracrylum in nonsurgical periodontal management for persistent periodontitis.

Techniques: As part of their periodontal therapy, 50 patients with a diagnosis of chronic periodontitis were randomized into two groups: first got chlorhexidine, while other Feracrylum received feracrylum. Microbiological analysis and clinical parameters were measured at baseline and 3 months later.

Results: Clinical metrics showed a considerable improvement in both groups. Comparing feracrylum to chlorhexidine, the former showed stronger antibacterial action against periodontal infections.

Conclusion: For nonsurgical periodontal management of chronic periodontitis, feracrylum shows similar effectiveness to chlorhexidine. Furthermore, feracrylum has better antibacterial activity against pathogens of the periodontal tissues, indicating that it might be used as a substitute antimicrobial agent in periodontal management.

Background: Endodontics increasingly uses finite element analysis (FEA) to evaluate stress distribution, fracture resistance, and temperature changes in treated teeth. FEA's endodontic uses, benefits, and drawbacks are examined in this systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: A PubMed systematic search found relevant studies published up to January 2022. Original endodontic research articles utilizing FEA to quantify stress distribution, fracture resistance, or temperature changes in treated teeth were eligible. The systematic review comprised 30 publications, 15 of which were meta-analyzed. Data were extracted using a standard form, and the "Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS)" for observational studies and the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials assessed quality. Random-effects models calculated pooled effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals in RevMan 5.4 meta-analysis.

Results: Meta-analysis shows FEA-guided endodontic treatment improves stress distribution (P < 0.001) and fracture resistance (P < 0.05) compared to conventional treatments. The temperature did not vary significantly (P = 0.12). Stress distribution had an effect size of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.65-0.85), fracture resistance 0.42 (95%: 0.12-0.72), and temperature variations -0.18.

Conclusion: In conclusion, FEA is a valuable technique in endodontics for stress distribution study and fracture resistance testing. FEA models' accuracy, dependability, and clinical applicability were questioned, underlining the need for more research and development to maximize their endodontics clinical use.

Objective: The purpose of this research is to compare the effects of post placement-immediate and delayed-on the periapical area's capacity to close after root canal therapy (RCT).

Techniques: A random split of sixty recently removed human single-rooted teeth was made into two groups: Group A received immediate post placement, whereas Group B received post placement after seven days. Standard guidelines were followed in the preparation of root canals and the placement of posts. A dye penetration method was used to measure microleakage, a measure of sealing capacity.

Findings: Compared to the immediate post placement group (0.62 ± 0.08) (P < 0.001), the delayed post placement group had a considerably lower mean microleakage score (0.35 ± 0.06), showing improved sealing capacity. In conclusion, post implantation done later enhances the periapical area's sealing capacity after RCT. This research underscores the significance of scheduling endodontic treatments to maximize treatment success and improve tooth retention, as well as the possible therapeutic advantages of postponing post implantation.

Background: Periodontal dressings play a crucial role in post-operative management of periodontal surgeries by protecting surgical sites and promoting wound healing. Biocompatibility evaluation is essential to ensure the safety and effectiveness of these materials. This study aims to assess the biocompatibility of periodontal dressings through an in vitro approach.

Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, three commercially available periodontal dressings were evaluated for their biocompatibility. The Dressings were Dressing A: Coe-Pak^™ Dressing B: Barricaid^® and Dressing C: PeriAcryl^®. Human gingival fibroblast cells were cultured and exposed to extracts of the dressings using the MTT assay to assess cell viability. Additionally, cell morphology and attachment were observed under a microscope. The experiment was conducted in triplicate for each dressing.

Results: The MTT assay revealed that Dressing A exhibited the highest cell viability with an absorbance value of 0.8 ± 0.1, followed by Dressing B with a value of 0.6 ± 0.2 and Dressing C with a value of 0.5 ± 0.1. Microscopic analysis showed normal cell morphology and attachment in cells exposed to Dressing A and Dressing B extracts, while cells exposed to Dressing C exhibited slight detachment and irregular morphology.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Dressing A and Dressing B demonstrate favorable biocompatibility profiles, as evidenced by higher cell viability and normal cell morphology.

Background: Targeted and efficient therapy strategies are necessary to address the global threat that chronic periodontitis poses to oral health. Antibiotic resistance is one drawback of traditional methods like scaling and root planing in conjunction with systemic antibiotics.

Techniques: A study with 120 people who had been diagnosed with chronic periodontitis was done using randomized controlled trials. The subjects were grouped as the Feracrylum group and the placebo group. Clinical measures were measured at baseline and again after 12 weeks. These parameters included gingival index, clinical attachment level, and "probing pocket depth (PD)." A 3% solution was locally applied to periodontal pockets in the Feracrylum group, whereas a saline solution was given to the placebo group.

Findings: As compared with other cohorts, the Feracrylum group showed a substantial improvement in clinical attachment level and a significant decrease in PD (P < 0.05). Although not statistically significant, the gingival index reduction in the Feracrylum group showed a tendency in the direction of better gingival health.

Conclusion: In summary, feracrylum has the potential as a localized medication delivery adjunct for chronic periodontitis, leading to positive clinical results. Larger sample numbers and longer follow-up times are required for future studies to confirm these results and maximize the use of feracrylum in periodontal treatment.

Background: Antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) is a common prenatal finding that requires careful evaluation to determine appropriate management strategies. The variability in outcomes underscores the need for refined diagnostic and monitoring protocols to differentiate between cases necessitating intervention and those likely to resolve spontaneously.

Materials and methods: A prospective clinical study was conducted involving 150 pregnant women diagnosed with ANH between gestational weeks 18 to 24. Prenatal ultrasounds were performed at regular intervals to monitor renal pelvic dilatation. Postnatal evaluations included renal ultrasound, voiding cystourethrography, and nuclear renal scans to assess renal function and identify associated anomalies. Management decisions were based on standardized criteria including degree of hydronephrosis, presence of associated anomalies, and renal function.

Results: Of the 150 cases, 80 (53.3%) resolved spontaneously during the prenatal period, while 70 (46.7%) required postnatal intervention. Among the intervention group, 45 cases (64.3%) required surgical correction for persistent hydronephrosis or associated anomalies, while the remaining 25 cases (35.7%) were managed conservatively with close monitoring. Arbitrarily, the mean anteroposterior renal pelvic diameter (APRPD) in the resolved group was 5.2 mm, compared to 10.6 mm in the intervention group. The median postnatal follow-up duration was 24 months.

Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of systematic evaluation and monitoring in managing ANH. While a significant proportion of cases resolve spontaneously, a careful assessment of associated anomalies and renal function is crucial in identifying cases requiring intervention. The arbitrary APRPD values presented underscore the potential for establishing diagnostic thresholds to guide clinical decision-making. Refinement of treatment protocols based on such parameters can improve outcomes and reduce unnecessary interventions in infants with ANH.