Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences最新文献

Background: Epilepsy management requires balancing seizure control with minimizing medication side effects. This retrospective review examines treatment outcomes in epilepsy patients, focusing on seizure control and medication-related adverse effects.

Methods: Medical records of epilepsy subjects treated tertiary care center between 2017 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Data on demographic characteristics, seizure control, medication regimen, and side effects were collected and analyzed.

Results: A total of 200 subjects were included. Sixty percent of subjects achieved total seizure independence, 30% reduced seizure frequency, and 10% did not improve or deteriorate. The kind of antiepileptic medicine provided substantially affects prescription side effects (P < 0.05), with drug X causing more dizziness than drug Y (P = 0.02). Elderly individuals were more likely to suffer weariness than younger ones (P = 0.03).

Conclusion: This review provides valuable insights into epilepsy treatment outcomes, emphasizing the need for personalized management strategies to optimize seizure control while minimizing medication-related adverse effects.

Diabetes is a pervasive metabolic disorder that notably impacts various body systems, including oral health. One of the critical manifestations of diabetes in oral health is its exacerbating effect on periodontal diseases. Recent advancements in the prevention, screening, and treatment of periodontal diseases have become increasingly significant due to the bidirectional link between periodontal health and diabetes management. This review explores contemporary strategies and technological innovations in the comprehensive management of periodontal diseases among diabetic patients. It highlights the integration of digital dentistry tools such as artificial intelligence (AI) and teledentistry in enhancing diagnostic precision and treatment outcomes. Preventive measures, including new pharmacological formulations and lifestyle interventions tailored for diabetic individuals, are discussed. Additionally, the review underscores the importance of routine screening protocols that incorporate glycemic control status to refine treatment plans for periodontal therapies. Furthermore, advancements in regenerative therapies, including the application of growth factors and stem cell therapy, are examined for their potential to restore periodontal tissue integrity, offering promising directions for future research and clinical practice. Through a synthesis of recent literature, this review aims to provide insights into effective periodontal disease management strategies that are critical for improving the overall health and quality of life of individuals with diabetes.

Background: Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) is a prevalent oral health issue among young children, often associated with specific caries-associated bacteria. This in vitro study investigates the impact of diet on the growth and activity of caries-associated bacteria in S-ECC.

Materials and methods: Plaque samples of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species were procured from laboratory. The samples were exposed to different dietary conditions, including high-sugar, high-carbohydrate, and control diets. The growth kinetics of caries-associated bacteria, including S. mutans and Lactobacillus species, were monitored using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and colony-forming unit (CFU) assays.

Results: Under high-sugar conditions, the growth of S. mutans increased by 50% compared to the control group, as evidenced by qPCR analysis. Lactobacillus species also exhibited a significant increase in CFU counts in response to high-carbohydrate diets, showing a 40% rise compared to controls.

Conclusion: This in vitro study highlights the influence of diet on the proliferation of caries-associated bacteria in severe early childhood caries. High-sugar and high-carbohydrate diets contribute to the growth and activity of S. mutans and Lactobacillus species, exacerbating the progression of dental caries in affected children.

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment can alter the oral environment, leading to plaque accumulation and changes in microbial colonization. This study aimed to assess microbiological changes in 10 to 16-year-old children undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.

Methodology: The study included children aged 10-16 years, with one group wearing fixed orthodontic appliances and a control group without brackets. Data on salivary pH, buffer capacity, Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacillus spp were collected at baseline and after 6 months. Logistic regression models evaluated associations between orthodontic treatment and elevated bacterial levels, adjusting for age, gender, pH, and buffer capacity.

Results: Wearing fixed orthodontic appliances was significantly associated with elevated Streptococcus mutans (aOR: 6.62, 95% CI: 1.91-21.88) and Lactobacillus spp (aOR: 9.49, 95% CI: 2.57-35.07). Gender showed a significant association with Lactobacillus spp levels (aOR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09-0.87).

Conclusion: Fixed orthodontic appliances significantly impact oral microbial changes, underscoring the need for proper oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment to reduce dental caries risk.

Background: The process of curing and regaining the integrity of damaged tissues is known as healing. An autologous concentration of platelets embedded in plasma is known as platelet-rich plasma (PRP).

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the role of PRP in the fast healing of wounds and complications in oral surgical procedures.

Materials and methods: A total of 60 patients who underwent different oral surgical procedures were included in this study. PRP was placed in the surgical area after surgical procedures and recalled at the 2^nd, 4^th, and 6^th month postoperatively. There was the assessment of soft tissue healing by measuring the probing depth in teeth adjacent to the surgical area and hard tissue healing in the form of alveolar bone density and alveolar bone height. The assessment of postoperative complications was also conducted.

Results: The decrease in the probing depth at different follow-ups was greater in PRP patients showing better and fast soft tissue healing. The increase in alveolar height and alveolar bone density at different follow-ups was greater in the PRP group showing better and fast hard tissue healing. The frequency of complications, such as trismus and pain, was lesser in patients with PRP.

Conclusion: The wound healing was at increased rate with reduced complications on using PRP in oral surgical procedures.

Objective: The purpose of this research is to compare the effects of post placement-immediate and delayed-on the periapical area's capacity to close after root canal therapy.

Techniques: A random split of 60 recently removed human single-rooted teeth were made into two groups: Group A received immediate post placement, whereas Group B received post placement after seven days. Standard guidelines were followed in the preparation of root canals and the placement of posts. A dye penetration method was used to measure microleakage, a measure of sealing capacity.

Findings: Compared to the immediate post-placement group (0.62 ± 0.08) (P < 0.001), the delayed post-placement group had a considerably lower mean microleakage score (0.35 ± 0.06), showing improved sealing capacity. In conclusion, post implantation done later enhances the periapical area's sealing capacity after root canal therapy. This research underscores the significance of scheduling endodontic treatments to maximize treatment success and improve tooth retention, as well as the possible therapeutic advantages of postponing post implantation.

Background: "Root canal therapy (RCT)" is a common endodontic procedure targeted at preserving teeth compromised by pulp infection. The debate over the optimal number of visits for RCT remains inconclusive, with single- and multiple-visit approaches both being advocated.

Methods: A prospective research was conducted on 100 subjects undergoing RCT at a tertiary care center. Subjects were randomly ascribed to the single-/multiple-visit group. Post-operative pain was assessed using a "visual analog scale," and healing outcomes were evaluated through peri-apical radiographs.

Results: Post-operative pain levels were comparable between the single- and multiple-visit clusters at all time points. However, healing outcomes differed significantly, with a higher percentage of healed cases observed in the single-visit group compared to the multiple-visit group.

Conclusion: While both single-visit and multiple-visit RCT protocols resulted in similar post-operative pain levels, the single-visit approach demonstrated superior healing outcomes. These findings emphasize the need for personalized treatment approaches based on patient characteristics and clinical considerations in endodontic practice.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and reopen the drive procedure of early complications of electrode dislodgement in patients with an indication for permanent pacemaker implantation at the Vietnam National Heart Institute.

Methods: This is a study on patients who received permanent pacemaker implantation at the Vietnam National Heart Institute during the period from August 1, 2019 to March 30, 2020.

Results: In all cases with complications of electrode dislodgement after implantation indicated to reopen the machine to handle complications, the results of handling complications are safe and stable.

Conclusion: There is a positive relationship between the events of electrode dislodgement on the pacemaker and the degree of tricuspid valve regurgitation with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01, OR = 8.2; 95% CI: 1.6-42.9).

Background: It is frequently observed that dental students require so many consents to manage medically compromised patients, especially cardiovascular patients with periodontitis requiring dental treatment.

Aims and objectives: The present study aimed to assess the dental students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the management of cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients with periodontitis requiring dental treatment.

Material and methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 611 dental undergraduate and postgraduate students (branches of Periodontology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Radiology, Endodontics, Prosthodontics, and Public Health and Dentistry) of central Gujrat. Self-administered structured questionnaires with 23 questions were distributed in pen-and-paper physical format. Statistical analysis for descriptive statistics like frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, confidence interval, one-way analysis of variance, post hoc test for multiple comparisons, Fisher's exact test, and Pearson's correlation has been done by MS Excel and STATA/IC-13.

Results: As per the post hoc test, both groups of students have significantly different knowledge (-4.20210*, P = 0.028) and their practices (0.68632, P = 0.968) but no significant difference between their attitudes (-6.22828, P = 0.089). According to the Pearson correlation test, a weak positive/no relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practice is reported in both study groups. There is a weak positive relation between knowledge and attitudes (0.270) and between knowledge and practices (0.121), and a similar relationship between their attitudes and practices (0.172) was observed in both groups.

Conclusion: Correct knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding dental management of CVD patients with periodontitis can reduce medical consent to improve the treatment quality of dental students.

Periodontitis, a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of teeth, is closely associated with oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species generation and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Antioxidants have garnered significant attention as potential therapeutic agents in periodontal management due to their ability to counteract oxidative damage and inflammation. This brief review provides an overview of the role of antioxidants in periodontitis, highlighting recent developments. Key topics covered include the mechanisms of action of antioxidants, recent preclinical and clinical studies evaluating their efficacy, challenges, and future directions in antioxidant-based periodontal therapy. Recent advancements in antioxidant research offer promising avenues for improving periodontal treatment outcomes and patient care.