Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences最新文献

Aim: This study was conducted to analyze the effects of sealants and resin infiltrant on pre-cavitated lesions in primary teeth (AAS) using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Material and method: Forty freshly extracted intact human primary molars were used for the study. All the specimens were then divided into four groups of ten specimens. These groups are treated differently. The specimens were stored in artificial saliva throughout the study. The AAS was then used to assess the calcium dissolution of artificial saliva.

Result: A comparison of Group III and Group IV established a statistically significant difference found in the amount of calcium dissolution in artificial saliva. Group III showed lesser calcium dissolution from enamel compared to Group IV in artificial saliva.

Conclusion: Resin infiltration showed more resistance to the release of calcium from enamel as compared to Clinpro Sealant in artificial saliva.

Trigeminal neuralgia causes severe facial pain, affecting daily life and leading to anxiety and depression. The latest classification differentiates between primary and secondary forms. Treatments, including anticonvulsants and surgery, have mixed results. Ayurveda links this condition to an excess of Vata dosha in the cranial nerves.

Aim and objectives: To discover the potential of Ayurveda in the acute management of Type 1 trigeminal neuralgia.

Material and methods: A 41-year-old woman with intermittent pricking pain and tingling in the right lower jaw was diagnosed with Type 1 trigeminal neuralgia. She received Shamana and Shodhan Chikitsa as per Ayurvedic principles for 15 days.

Observation and results: Pain and shock-like sensations decreased, reducing the social fear of pain and improving quality of life. Transient numbness occurred early.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) affect the jaw muscles and joints, with treatments ranging from surgery to nonsurgical methods like physiotherapy and medication. A systematic review of studies from January 2020 to May 2024 compared these treatments' effectiveness in relieving pain and improving function. From 7,459 initial records, 18 studies were included, examining interventions like NSAIDs, low-level laser therapy, botulinum toxin A, and occlusal splints. Results varied, highlighting the need for personalized treatment and standardized outcomes to improve patient care.

Background: Case Based Learning (CBL) is the best method for correlation of knowledge with clinical scenarios. The present study is planned to implement case-based learning in 1^st-Year MBBS students and find out the perception of the students as a guideline to incorporate this activity in the curriculum.

Material and methods: The study was conducted among 1^st-Year MBBS students. The students who consented to participate were divided into 23 groups each containing 5-6 participants. The case along with the reference material was allotted to the groups of students sequentially. Faculty was allotted to each group of students for their help and discussion on the given case. The completed activity was uploaded on Moodle for all the students to go through. After 25 weeks, students' perception of the activity were obtained with the help of validated questionnaire through Google Forms. Data was analyzed in SPSS software.

Results: 85% of students felt that CBL helped them understand clinical applications, enhanced problem-solving skills and retention of knowledge. More than 85% of students were comfortable with CBL in terms of relevance to the curriculum, mode of conduction, and development of interest. Over 90% of students mentioned that provided resources and faculty were helpful.

Conclusion: The study concludes that successful implementation of case-based learning is possible for 1^st-Year MBBS medical students. Students perceived CBL as a motivating and effective teaching-learning method.

Background: The application of nanoparticles in endodontic treatment presents a novel approach to drug delivery, potentially enhancing the efficacy of therapeutic agents.

Materials and methods: In this study, we synthesized and characterized nanoparticles of chitosan, calcium phosphate, and silver using standard protocols. The nanoparticles were then loaded with an antimicrobial agent, chlorhexidine, and incorporated into an endodontic sealer. The antibacterial efficacy of the nanoparticle-enhanced sealer was tested against Enterococcus faecalis using a disk diffusion method. Additionally, the penetration depth of nanoparticles into dentinal tubules was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results: The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited a uniform size distribution, with an average diameter of 50 nm for chitosan, 30 nm for calcium phosphate, and 20 nm for silver nanoparticles. The antibacterial tests showed that the nanoparticle-loaded sealer achieved a 40% greater inhibition zone against Enterococcus faecalis compared to the control sealer without nanoparticles. SEM analysis revealed that the nanoparticles penetrated dentinal tubules to a depth of approximately 500 μm, significantly more than the conventional sealer.

Conclusion: Nanoparticles demonstrate significant potential as a drug delivery system in endodontic treatment, enhancing both the antibacterial efficacy and penetration depth of therapeutic agents.

Background and objective: A mandibular canal around the lower third molar roots house the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). There is a risk of nerve injury during surgical tooth extraction.

Methods: The College of Dental Sciences at Davangere's Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery served as the outpatient setting for this investigation. The study comprised one hundred participants who were going to have their mandibular third molars surgically extracted. The risk of IAN injury was evaluated by comparing the radiographic findings from preoperative orthopantomography and intraoral periapical radiographs with intraoperative observations.

Results: The study revealed that the patient's age did not have a significant correlation with the risk of nerve injury. However, cases involving bony impactions were found to have a higher risk of IAN damage. Additionally, mesioangular impactions and radiographic indicators, such as root deflection, were associated with an elevated risk of nerve injury.

Conclusion: To reduce the risk of IAN injury during the extraction of mandibular third molars, it is essential to have a detailed understanding of the relevant anatomical features and to plan the surgical procedure meticulously.

Background: The performance of root canal filling materials in sealing is crucial for the effectiveness of endodontic procedures as it prevents the escape of microorganisms and guarantees the durability of the treatment.

Materials and methods: The present in vitro investigation included the preparation of 90 human single-rooted teeth using a standardized process. These teeth were then randomly separated into three groups (n = 30) according to the obturation technique: Group A (Lateral Compaction), Group B (Thermafil), and Group C (Continuous Wave of Condensation). Furthermore, each group was separated into two subgroups based on the specific kind of root canal filling material employed: Subgroup 1 (Gutta-Percha) and Subgroup 2 (Resilon). The sealing capacity was evaluated using a dye penetration technique, with measurements conducted at three specific time intervals: 24 hours, 1 week, and 4 weeks after the obturation process. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using analysis of variance and post hoc tests to identify significant differences across groups.

Results: The findings showed that the Continuous Wave of Condensation method (Group C) had the lowest dye penetration, with an average depth of penetration of 1.2 mm. The Thermafil technique (Group B) followed closely with a penetration depth of 1.8 mm, while the Lateral Compaction technique (Group A) achieved a penetration depth of 2.5 mm. In terms of sealing ability, Gutta-Percha demonstrated superior performance compared to Resilon, achieving average penetration depths of 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm, respectively. Statistical analysis showed statistically significant differences between the groups (P < 0.05), with the Continuous Wave of Condensation approach utilizing Gutta-Percha showing the highest level of sealing effectiveness.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the Continuous Wave of Condensation approach showed a substantial improvement in the sealing efficacy of root canal fillings when compared to the Lateral Compaction and Thermafil procedures.

Background and objective: Bioceramic materials have revolutionized the field of endodontics by successfully transforming the outcomes of pulp therapies. Novel biomaterials are evolving by modifying the conventional mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to overcome their existing limitations, the major ones being prolonged setting and cytotoxic radiopacifiers. Dental white portland cement (DWPC) is a novel formulated bioceramic material introduced as an enhanced MTA alternative. This in vitro study aims to investigate the cytotoxicity and odontogenic differentiation of novel formulation DWPC with MTA Angelus, Biodentin (BD) and white portland cement (WPC) on human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs).

Materials and methods: HDPSCs were cultured in Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (DMEM) with fetal bovine serum (FBS) and antibiotics at 37°C, 90% humidity in a 5% CO₂ incubator. Experimental samples were prepared as disks. The viability of HDPSCs was measured by Mosmann's tetrazolium toxicity (MTT) assay, and odontogenic potential was assessed using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at 24 hours, 7-, 14-, and 21-day intervals. The mean and standard deviations were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Scheffe tests using IBM SPSS Software (IBM statistical package for social sciences) - Version 24.0 with a significance level set as P < 0.05.

Results: All four groups tested using MTT assay showed no toxicity and possess odontogenic potential in all the experimental durations. Experimental group DWPC presented with the highest mean cell viability and ALP activity at all intervals followed by WPC, MTA, and BD (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: DWPC presented good bioactivity in terms of cell viability and ALP activity. Thus, DWPC could be a promising endodontic material. However, further research is warranted to explore the clinical applicability.

Background: Phlebitis is an inflammatory process that is characterized by inflamed venous endothelial cells. Vesicant medications are found to be one of the causes of phlebitis, especially in pediatric patients.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between the use of vesicant medications and phlebitis incidence.

Material and methods: The study was descriptive observational conducted over the period of June-July 2022 in a pediatric ward. The inclusion criteria were male or female pediatric inpatients, aged 1 month-18 years, and receiving medication via intravenous infusion for >24 hours. The data obtained were then analyzed for correlations by using bivariate and multivariate analysis.

Results and conclusion: A total of 174 patients met the inclusion criteria; 27.6% experienced phlebitis, and 37.9% received vesicant medications. The most frequently used vesicant medications in the pediatric ward was gentamicin (74.24%). The use of vesicants and administration of >3 intravenous drugs showed statistically significant results associated with the incidence of phlebitis, with RR: 4.17 (P < 0.001; CI = 2.1-8.3) and RR = 2.6 (P = 0.012; CI = 1.2-5.5), respectively. The multivariate test results showed that the use of vesicants was a risk factor for phlebitis, with OR = 4.41 (P < 0.001; CI = 2.0-9.7). The use of vesicants is associated with the incidence of phlebitis in a pediatric inpatient ward.

Introduction: Breast milk is the optimal food for infants, supporting their physical and emotional development. Breastfeeding should begin within an hour of birth.

Study objectives: a) Assess knowledge of breast milk expression and storage among working mothers. b) Evaluate practices related to expression and storage. c) Provide a self-instructional module on expressed breast milk. d) Measure the module's effectiveness. e) Analyze the association between knowledge, practice, and selected demographic variables.

Methodology: An experimental study with 40 working mothers selected via convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire assessed knowledge and practices.

Results: Descriptive statistics were used, yielding a "t" value of 9.35. Over 15 days, questionnaires were administered to 3 participants daily, with posttests and the instructional module provided after 15 days.

Conclusion: The study showed a significant improvement in knowledge and practices after the self-instructional module was provided.