Oral Oncology Reports最新文献

Background

Oral second primary tumours (SPTs) have a poor prognosis due to late-stage diagnosis. This study evaluates the demographic and clinicopathological risk predictors of SPTs.

Methods

Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, or severe dysplasia were accrued into the Oral Cancer Prediction Longitudinal study within one year post-curative treatment. Data on demographics, risk habits, and primary tumour characteristics were collected. Clinical follow-up included assessing the presence of second oral premalignant lesions (SOPLs), clinicopathological features, and the results from toluidine blue staining and fluorescence visualization.

Results

Among 296 patients, 23 (8 %) developed SPTs. Older age at primary cancer diagnosis (P = 0.008) and a history of chewing tobacco or betel nut (P = 0.043) increased the risk of SPTs. Patients with primary tumours located at low-risk sites had an increased risk of SPTs (P = 0.004), which often presented at high-risk sites. The presence of SOPLs (P < 0.001), and multiple lesions (P = 0.017) significantly increased the risk of SPTs. Positive toluidine blue staining indicated a trend toward higher risk of SPTs, whereas fluorescence visualization did not. The median time to SPT diagnosis was 3.25 years post-treatment.

Conclusions

Identifying second or multiple oral premalignant lesions is critical for predicting the risk of SPTs regardless of their clinical or histological characteristics. Routine biopsy of these lesions should be prioritized to ensure timely diagnosis. Incorporating these risk predictors into clinical follow-up can enhance early cancer detection and improve patient outcomes.

This comprehensive review explores the potential of nanotherapy in the treatment of blood cancers, specifically leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma, in the oral cavity. Nanoparticles (NPs) made from organic and inorganic materials have shown promise in delivering therapeutic substances to cancer cells, enhancing their pharmacological efficacy, and reducing their systemic toxicity. Different types of nanoparticles, such as liposomes, extracellular vehicles, and polymeric nanoparticles, have been studied for their effectiveness in targeting cancer cells. Nanotherapy has also been investigated for overcoming drug resistance, targeting cancer stem cells, bypassing efflux pumps, and gene silencing. Clinical trials and research findings have demonstrated the potential of nanotherapy for improving outcomes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. However, challenges exist in addressing the heterogeneity of blood cancers in the oral cavity, navigating the tumor microenvironment, overcoming drug resistance, and modulating immune evasion. Future directions include individualized treatment plans, multifunctional nanoparticles, combination therapies, and improved nanoparticle design. The translation of these breakthroughs into clinical practice requires collaboration among researchers, physicians, and industry stakeholders. Overall, nanotherapy holds promise for more effective and less invasive treatments for blood cancer in the oral cavity.

The pathogenesis of membranous BCA recurrence remains unclear, with only a few cases reported. The current study focuses on a case that exhibits a high Ki-67 proliferative index, which raises questions about its impact on the prognosis and treatment plan. We have conducted a literature review to gain insight into the altered ki67 expression pattern in membranous BCA. We have also proposed a hypothesis that suggests recurrent membranous BCA cases with Ki67 levels between 5 % and 10 % signify an intermediate grade and warrant reclassification. More research is needed to confirm this hypothesis and understand the prognosis for this variant.

Background

pl6 (CDKN2a) play a role in tumorigenesis in some head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Frequent homozygous deletions of the pl6 gene have been reported in many tumor cell lines including the brain, breast, osteosarcomas, melanomas, kidney, bladder, and ovary.

Materials and methods

5 patients without any tobacco using habit were included in group I as controls. 10 clinically and histopathologically confirmed cases of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) [oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) −7 & leukoplakia (moderate dysplasia) −3] were included in group II. 10 clinically and histopathologically confirmed cases of OSCC were categorized as group III. Buccal scrapings were taken and analyzed for exon 1, 2, 3 of p16 and homozygous deletion in exon 2 of p16 was also detected by PCR and gel electrophoresis.

Results

PCR amplification products of exon 1, 2, 3 of p16 were found in all 25 samples which include 10 cases of OSCC, 10 cases of OPMDs and 5 controls. Homozygous deletion in exon 2 was found only in 30 % of OSCC and 20 % of OPMD.

Conclusion

Our study showed that cytological samples yield sufficient amount of DNA, which showed 100 % positivity with exon 1, 2, 3 of p16 gene, but the percentage of genetic alteration of p16 gene seems to be less when compared with other related studies.

Oral cancer poses a global health challenge with high morbidity and mortality rates. Treatments, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, profoundly impact patients' quality of life (QoL). Enhancing QoL requires a comprehensive approach that integrates physical health management, psychological support, social support, and integrative and palliative care.

Effective pain management, nutritional support, and oral rehabilitation are crucial for maintaining physical health. Psychological support through counseling, psychotherapy, and mind-body interventions addresses emotional distress. Social support from family, caregivers, and community resources is essential for practical and emotional needs. Integrative care approaches and early palliative care provide holistic, patient-centered solutions.

This manuscript emphasizes the necessity of a holistic approach to improve the QoL for oral cancer patients, advocating for comprehensive, compassionate care plans that address physical, emotional, and social dimensions.