Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100651
Ansari Vikhar Danish Ahmad, Subur W. Khan, Qazi Yasar, Mohd Sayeed Shaikh, Mohd Mukhtar Khan
The field of biology offers a complete structure for studying intricate molecular interactions and the strength of bonding between molecules but with an emphasis on developing treatments and discovering markers in medicine research that hold promise for targeting specific diseases like cancer subtypes effectively by pinpointing crucial signals and pathways crucial for tumor development growth, alongside network analysis as a potent tool to foresee how small molecules interact with proteins linked to cancer and determine promising new treatments. This methodical strategy enables the evaluation of potential medications by assessing their capacity to bind effectively to cancer causing targets for enhanced treatment accuracy." Additionally integrating machine learning methods with multi dataset analyses greatly enhances the thorough examination of cancer associated molecular connections ultimately streamlining drug development and biomarker discovery. This underscores the importance of molecular docking in forecasting interactions, between drugs and their targets within the realm of cancer bioinformatics.
{"title":"Computational biology approach to predict molecular mechanism in cancer","authors":"Ansari Vikhar Danish Ahmad, Subur W. Khan, Qazi Yasar, Mohd Sayeed Shaikh, Mohd Mukhtar Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The field of biology offers a complete structure for studying intricate molecular interactions and the strength of bonding between molecules but with an emphasis on developing treatments and discovering markers in medicine research that hold promise for targeting specific diseases like cancer subtypes effectively by pinpointing crucial signals and pathways crucial for tumor development growth, alongside network analysis as a potent tool to foresee how small molecules interact with proteins linked to cancer and determine promising new treatments. This methodical strategy enables the evaluation of potential medications by assessing their capacity to bind effectively to cancer causing targets for enhanced treatment accuracy.\" Additionally integrating machine learning methods with multi dataset analyses greatly enhances the thorough examination of cancer associated molecular connections ultimately streamlining drug development and biomarker discovery. This underscores the importance of molecular docking in forecasting interactions, between drugs and their targets within the realm of cancer bioinformatics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100651"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The incidence of oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) has been rising, particularly among HPV-positive patients, prompting a reevaluation of clinical staging practices. Recent revisions to the AJCC/UICC staging systems have recognized the distinct biological behavior associated with HPV-positive tumors, highlighting the necessity for tailored staging criteria that better reflect their unique prognostic characteristics. This review discusses the implications of HPV status on the clinical staging of oropharyngeal carcinoma, focusing on how these revisions influence prognosis and treatment strategies. The differential outcomes observed between HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients necessitate a more nuanced approach to management, advocating for personalized treatment plans that consider the specific tumor biology. Additionally, we explore the ongoing research efforts aimed at further refining staging criteria, including the identification of relevant biomarkers and the integration of advanced imaging techniques. As our understanding of HPV's role in cancer biology continues to evolve, it is imperative that our approaches to staging and management adapt accordingly. Ultimately, these revisions and the accompanying research will contribute to improved patient outcomes and more effective therapeutic interventions in the increasingly prevalent landscape of oropharyngeal carcinoma.
{"title":"HPV status and staging in oropharyngeal carcinoma: A review of recent AJCC/UICC revisions","authors":"Madhan Krishnan , Sharan Basappa , Shyamaladevi Babu , Sandhya P","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incidence of oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) has been rising, particularly among HPV-positive patients, prompting a reevaluation of clinical staging practices. Recent revisions to the AJCC/UICC staging systems have recognized the distinct biological behavior associated with HPV-positive tumors, highlighting the necessity for tailored staging criteria that better reflect their unique prognostic characteristics. This review discusses the implications of HPV status on the clinical staging of oropharyngeal carcinoma, focusing on how these revisions influence prognosis and treatment strategies. The differential outcomes observed between HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients necessitate a more nuanced approach to management, advocating for personalized treatment plans that consider the specific tumor biology. Additionally, we explore the ongoing research efforts aimed at further refining staging criteria, including the identification of relevant biomarkers and the integration of advanced imaging techniques. As our understanding of HPV's role in cancer biology continues to evolve, it is imperative that our approaches to staging and management adapt accordingly. Ultimately, these revisions and the accompanying research will contribute to improved patient outcomes and more effective therapeutic interventions in the increasingly prevalent landscape of oropharyngeal carcinoma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100694"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cancer associated fibroblasts are heterogenous activated fibroblasts that form the central component of the tumor microenvironment. These cells influence the behavior of the tumor by activating various signaling pathways and initiating epithelial mesenchymal transition. CAFs have been reported in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), however, very few studies have evaluated the role of CAFs in different variants of OSCC. The aim of this study was to compare the role of CAFs in conventional OSCC and different variants of OSCCs.
Materials and methods
Eight each of well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated OSCC, 5 each of verrucous carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma turning into OSCC, three each of spindle cell carcinoma, basaloid OSCC and OSCC with clear cell differentiation and 2 cases of papillary OSCC were retrieved, and immunohistochemistry was performed with α-SMA to identify and evaluate the CAFs. Kaplan Meier analysis was carried out to evaluate the overall survival of the patients.
Results
Progressive increase in the CAF immunostaining was noted from papillary squamous cell carcinoma [mean - 1] to basaloid squamous cell carcinoma [1.6 ± 0.5] to spindle cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma with clear cell changes [2.6 ± 0.5] (p = 0.00 - statistically significant). Patients with abundant CAF expression showed lesser survival rate when compared to patients with scanty or focal CAF immunohistochemical staining.
Conclusion
Increased CAF immunoexpression was noted in PDSCCs, VCs turning into SCC, OSCC with clear cell changes and spindle cell carcinoma. This highlights the aggressive nature of these tumors. Screening these tumor for the presence of CAFs will help in treatment planning and will aid in treatment planning and survival analysis.
{"title":"Assessment of cancer associated fibroblasts amongst different histological variants of oral squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"Reshma Poothakulath Krishnan , Deepak Pandiar , Pratibha Ramani , Neha Kannan , Selvaraj Jayaraman","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cancer associated fibroblasts are heterogenous activated fibroblasts that form the central component of the tumor microenvironment. These cells influence the behavior of the tumor by activating various signaling pathways and initiating epithelial mesenchymal transition. CAFs have been reported in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), however, very few studies have evaluated the role of CAFs in different variants of OSCC. The aim of this study was to compare the role of CAFs in conventional OSCC and different variants of OSCCs.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Eight each of well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated OSCC, 5 each of verrucous carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma turning into OSCC, three each of spindle cell carcinoma, basaloid OSCC and OSCC with clear cell differentiation and 2 cases of papillary OSCC were retrieved, and immunohistochemistry was performed with α-SMA to identify and evaluate the CAFs. Kaplan Meier analysis was carried out to evaluate the overall survival of the patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Progressive increase in the CAF immunostaining was noted from papillary squamous cell carcinoma [mean - 1] to basaloid squamous cell carcinoma [1.6 ± 0.5] to spindle cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma with clear cell changes [2.6 ± 0.5] (p = 0.00 - statistically significant). Patients with abundant CAF expression showed lesser survival rate when compared to patients with scanty or focal CAF immunohistochemical staining.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Increased CAF immunoexpression was noted in PDSCCs, VCs turning into SCC, OSCC with clear cell changes and spindle cell carcinoma. This highlights the aggressive nature of these tumors. Screening these tumor for the presence of CAFs will help in treatment planning and will aid in treatment planning and survival analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100696"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100692
Monika Tyagi, Monika Dubey
Cancer remains a formidable global health challenge, demanding continuous efforts to develop innovative and effective therapeutic strategies. Recently, Schiff base metal complexes (SBMCs) have attracted considerable interest as potential anticancer agents because of their varied chemical properties and promising biological activities. This comprehensive review delves the latest advancements in the use of SBMCs in cancer therapy. It covers the synthesis and characterization of these complexes, their mechanisms of action, and their potential advantages over conventional chemotherapy. Furthermore, the review discusses challenges and future perspectives in utilizing SBMCs to enhance cancer treatment outcomes, paving the way for a more targeted and personalized approach in the fight against cancer.
癌症仍然是一个巨大的全球健康挑战，需要不断努力制定创新和有效的治疗战略。近年来，希夫碱金属配合物（Schiff base metal complexes, SBMCs）因其多样的化学性质和良好的生物活性而成为潜在的抗癌药物。这篇全面的综述深入研究了sbmc在癌症治疗中的最新进展。它涵盖了这些复合物的合成和表征，它们的作用机制，以及它们相对于传统化疗的潜在优势。此外，本文还讨论了利用sbmc提高癌症治疗效果的挑战和未来前景，为更有针对性和个性化的癌症治疗方法铺平了道路。
{"title":"A fight against cancer with advancement of Schiff base metal complexes: Future prospects","authors":"Monika Tyagi, Monika Dubey","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer remains a formidable global health challenge, demanding continuous efforts to develop innovative and effective therapeutic strategies. Recently, Schiff base metal complexes (SBMCs) have attracted considerable interest as potential anticancer agents because of their varied chemical properties and promising biological activities. This comprehensive review delves the latest advancements in the use of SBMCs in cancer therapy. It covers the synthesis and characterization of these complexes, their mechanisms of action, and their potential advantages over conventional chemotherapy. Furthermore, the review discusses challenges and future perspectives in utilizing SBMCs to enhance cancer treatment outcomes, paving the way for a more targeted and personalized approach in the fight against cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100692"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100684
Yan-Sheng Zeng , Peng-Yu Lai , Shan Shen
Surgery and periodontitis contribute to alveolar bone loss, resulting in increased tooth mobility. This is particularly evident post-tumor surgery, where larger bone defects are commonly encountered. Adequate bone mass is crucial for successful implant restoration in missing teeth. Conventional repair methods are unable to meet patients' functional and aesthetic expectations, while the loss of alveolar bone further compromises the initial stability of the implant. In the face of these challenges, Bone Ring Technique (BRT) demonstrates significant advantages. We conducted 3D reconstruction of the anterior aesthetic zone in a patient with maxillary bone defects following excision of maxillary odontogenic fibroma using BRT, resulting in satisfactory implant stability. This suggests the potential of BRT as a promising bone grafting technique.
{"title":"Application of Bone Ring Technique (BRT) for 3D reconstruction in the anterior aesthetic zone after tumor surgery","authors":"Yan-Sheng Zeng , Peng-Yu Lai , Shan Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surgery and periodontitis contribute to alveolar bone loss, resulting in increased tooth mobility. This is particularly evident post-tumor surgery, where larger bone defects are commonly encountered. Adequate bone mass is crucial for successful implant restoration in missing teeth. Conventional repair methods are unable to meet patients' functional and aesthetic expectations, while the loss of alveolar bone further compromises the initial stability of the implant. In the face of these challenges, Bone Ring Technique (BRT) demonstrates significant advantages. We conducted 3D reconstruction of the anterior aesthetic zone in a patient with maxillary bone defects following excision of maxillary odontogenic fibroma using BRT, resulting in satisfactory implant stability. This suggests the potential of BRT as a promising bone grafting technique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100684"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100691
Anish P. Kamat , Abhishek Shukla , Mandar Deshpande
{"title":"Resection of a left carotid body tumor in a young female patient: A case report","authors":"Anish P. Kamat , Abhishek Shukla , Mandar Deshpande","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100691","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100691"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a distinct malignancy in head and neck cancer, notably linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections in regions with high prevalence. NPC's tumor microenvironment fosters immune escape mechanisms that support tumor cell survival, with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) as a key player. PD-L1 expression on NPC cells binds to the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor on T cells, thereby creating an immunosuppressive environment that impairs immune surveillance. Two significant modulators of PD-L1 expression in NPC include the EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and the immune cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Together, they contribute to the intricate regulation of PD-L1, enhancing immune evasion and complicating the landscape for effective treatment approaches. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying PD-L1 upregulation, focusing on LMP1's activation of the NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways and IFN-γ′s paradoxical role in facilitating immune escape. Clinical evidence indicates that PD-L1 expression correlates with poor prognosis and resistance to standard therapies in NPC patients. Understanding these regulatory pathways may inform potential therapeutic strategies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, combination therapies, and novel immune-based approaches tailored to NPC's unique etiology. By providing a comprehensive synthesis of existing studies, this review highlights the interplay between PD-L1, LMP1, and IFN-γ, offering a framework for innovative therapeutic strategies targeting immune escape mechanisms. Identifying patients most likely to benefit from immune-targeted approaches and leveraging combination treatments could improve outcomes for NPC patients facing advanced or resistant disease.
{"title":"PD-L1 mediated immune escape in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Impact of LMP1 and IFN-γ on immune surveillance","authors":"Madhan Krishnan , Aruna Jothi shanmugam , Shyamaladevi Babu","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a distinct malignancy in head and neck cancer, notably linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections in regions with high prevalence. NPC's tumor microenvironment fosters immune escape mechanisms that support tumor cell survival, with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) as a key player. PD-L1 expression on NPC cells binds to the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor on T cells, thereby creating an immunosuppressive environment that impairs immune surveillance. Two significant modulators of PD-L1 expression in NPC include the EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and the immune cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Together, they contribute to the intricate regulation of PD-L1, enhancing immune evasion and complicating the landscape for effective treatment approaches. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying PD-L1 upregulation, focusing on LMP1's activation of the NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways and IFN-γ′s paradoxical role in facilitating immune escape. Clinical evidence indicates that PD-L1 expression correlates with poor prognosis and resistance to standard therapies in NPC patients. Understanding these regulatory pathways may inform potential therapeutic strategies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, combination therapies, and novel immune-based approaches tailored to NPC's unique etiology. By providing a comprehensive synthesis of existing studies, this review highlights the interplay between PD-L1, LMP1, and IFN-γ, offering a framework for innovative therapeutic strategies targeting immune escape mechanisms. Identifying patients most likely to benefit from immune-targeted approaches and leveraging combination treatments could improve outcomes for NPC patients facing advanced or resistant disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100688"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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