Oral Oncology Reports最新文献

Oral cancer poses a global health challenge with high morbidity and mortality rates. Treatments, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, profoundly impact patients' quality of life (QoL). Enhancing QoL requires a comprehensive approach that integrates physical health management, psychological support, social support, and integrative and palliative care.

Effective pain management, nutritional support, and oral rehabilitation are crucial for maintaining physical health. Psychological support through counseling, psychotherapy, and mind-body interventions addresses emotional distress. Social support from family, caregivers, and community resources is essential for practical and emotional needs. Integrative care approaches and early palliative care provide holistic, patient-centered solutions.

This manuscript emphasizes the necessity of a holistic approach to improve the QoL for oral cancer patients, advocating for comprehensive, compassionate care plans that address physical, emotional, and social dimensions.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a diverse group of malignancies arising in the mucosal linings of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, influenced by factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study conducts a comprehensive meta-analysis of the mutational landscape of HNC across Asian cohorts, encompassing India, Korea, Japan, China, Singapore, and Saudi Arabia. The analysis highlights distinct genetic profiles influenced by environmental exposures, lifestyle habits, and genetic predispositions. Notably, the RAF family proteins, enriched in both Indian and Chinese cohorts, present potential therapeutic targets for RAF inhibitors like Vemurafenib. Additionaly, specific mutations like MET in Singaporean patients can be effectively addressed with drugs like Crizotinib, leading to rapid responses in HNSCC. Smokers exhibited high frequencies of CASP8 and FAT1 mutations. Novel driver genes, including RYR2 and ANK2, emerged with significant mutational frequencies in smokers. The RAS signaling pathway was identified as a prominent driver in HNC, contrasting with the globally prevalent PIK3CA/MTOR pathway. This study also underscores the high prevalence of HRAS mutations in Indian and Saudi cohorts. The study emphasizes the necessity for region-specific data to understand the unique molecular differences and develop effective therapies. The identification of NBEA and ANK2 as potential novel driver genes in HNC highlights new avenues for research and targeted therapeutic interventions tailored to the genetic profiles of Asian HNC patients.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) offers a promising non-invasive approach for early cancer detection, treatment monitoring, and personalized medicine, particularly in oral cancer. This review explores the clinical applications, challenges, and future prospects of ctDNA analysis. We highlight the integration of advanced machine learning (ML) models—Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forests (RF), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)—in ctDNA detection and analysis. These models significantly enhance the accuracy and reliability of ctDNA analysis, with accuracies reaching up to 93 %. SVM and RF models excel in classification and feature selection, while ANN and CNN models capture complex and spatial patterns, respectively. Despite challenges such as low ctDNA abundance and the need for standardized protocols, ML-driven ctDNA analysis holds immense potential for revolutionizing cancer diagnostics and treatment.

Maxillofacial prosthetics play a crucial role in the rehabilitation of oral cancer patients, significantly enhancing their quality of life by restoring facial structure and function. The success of these prosthetics is dependent on adhesives, that ensures assured attachment and stability. Despite their significance, adhesives have received reduced attention in the literature. This review aims to meet this literature gap by exploring the innovations and advancements in adhesives for maxillofacial prosthetics.

Traditional adhesives, while widely used, often fall short in terms of durability and biocompatibility, especially under the dynamic conditions of the oral cavity. Recent developments in biocompatible materials and applied technology have introduced new adhesives that offer improved adhesion strength, durability, and patient comfort. Smart adhesives, which respond to environmental stimuli like pH and temperature, present significant advancements, enhancing the adaptive nature of prosthetic attachment.

Customized adhesive solutions, facilitated by digital printing of prosthesis, provide more accurate prosthesis and reduces the interfacial gap with the skin and prosthesis. This further improving prosthetic performance with a predictable layer of adhesives in the interface. Additionally, new application techniques and tools have enhanced the precision and ease of adhesive use, ensuring consistent and reliable attachment.

This review highlights the importance of advanced adhesives in managing oral cancer patients, presenting the crucial role they play in the effectiveness and comfort of maxillofacial prosthetics. It also emphasizes the need for these adhesives to be a key focus in future research and clinical practice.