Pub Date : 2024-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100700
Nilina James
{"title":"Comment on ‘Sex & marital differences in delayed pharyngeal cancer treatment before and after medicaid expansion’","authors":"Nilina James","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100700","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100700"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-07DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100699
Vijayakumar Jain, K.V. Sureka, G. Satheesh, V. Venugopalan, D. Durairaj
Duplication of the internal jugular vein is a rare anatomic variation that may occasionally be encountered during neck surgeries. This anomaly presents as two separate internal jugular veins instead of the typical single vein. Understanding and recognizing this variability is critical for surgeons to avoid unwanted injury and ensure a successful surgical outcome. The objective of this case report to understand the variation in anatomy of internal jugular vein, explain the presentation of internal jugular vein duplication, emphasizes the importance of careful dissection techniques when anatomical abnormalities are encountered during neck surgery and to discuss literature and hypothesis pertaining to its embryology of internal jugular vein duplication.
{"title":"Duplication of internal jugular vein - An incidental finding","authors":"Vijayakumar Jain, K.V. Sureka, G. Satheesh, V. Venugopalan, D. Durairaj","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Duplication of the internal jugular vein is a rare anatomic variation that may occasionally be encountered during neck surgeries. This anomaly presents as two separate internal jugular veins instead of the typical single vein. Understanding and recognizing this variability is critical for surgeons to avoid unwanted injury and ensure a successful surgical outcome. The objective of this case report to understand the variation in anatomy of internal jugular vein, explain the presentation of internal jugular vein duplication, emphasizes the importance of careful dissection techniques when anatomical abnormalities are encountered during neck surgery and to discuss literature and hypothesis pertaining to its embryology of internal jugular vein duplication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100699"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100697
Saraswati Patel , Dheeraj Kumar
Oral cancer remains a significant global health issue, often diagnosed late due to limitations in traditional diagnostic methods. This study explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to enhance the early detection and diagnosis of oral cancer. We investigated three data cleaning techniques missing value imputation, outlier detection, and normalization and assessed their impact on model performance. Using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), support vector machines (SVMs), and random forests, we compared the effectiveness of these techniques in improving diagnostic accuracy and mean squared error (MSE). The results demonstrated that normalization, specifically min-max scaling, was the most effective method, leading to the highest accuracy (94 %) and the lowest MSE (0.013) for CNN models. Outlier detection also improved performance, achieving 93 % accuracy and an MSE of 0.014, while missing value imputation resulted in a lower accuracy of 92 % and an MSE of 0.015. These findings underscore the importance of normalization in preprocessing for machine learning models, highlighting its role in achieving superior performance in oral cancer detection. This study underscores the potential of AI-driven methods to revolutionize diagnostic practices, offering more accurate and timely detection of oral cancer.
{"title":"Predictive identification of oral cancer using AI and machine learning","authors":"Saraswati Patel , Dheeraj Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oral cancer remains a significant global health issue, often diagnosed late due to limitations in traditional diagnostic methods. This study explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to enhance the early detection and diagnosis of oral cancer. We investigated three data cleaning techniques missing value imputation, outlier detection, and normalization and assessed their impact on model performance. Using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), support vector machines (SVMs), and random forests, we compared the effectiveness of these techniques in improving diagnostic accuracy and mean squared error (MSE). The results demonstrated that normalization, specifically min-max scaling, was the most effective method, leading to the highest accuracy (94 %) and the lowest MSE (0.013) for CNN models. Outlier detection also improved performance, achieving 93 % accuracy and an MSE of 0.014, while missing value imputation resulted in a lower accuracy of 92 % and an MSE of 0.015. These findings underscore the importance of normalization in preprocessing for machine learning models, highlighting its role in achieving superior performance in oral cancer detection. This study underscores the potential of AI-driven methods to revolutionize diagnostic practices, offering more accurate and timely detection of oral cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100697"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100695
Gabriela A. Calcano , Adam E. Brown , Kelly L. Staricha , Rumeal D. Whaley , Patrick W. McGarrah , Mauricio E. Gamez , Daniel L. Price , Kendall K. Tasche , Linda X. Yin , Eric J. Moore , Kathryn M. Van Abel
Importance
There is a lack of evidence-based recommendations for patient work up, counseling, and management for mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the oropharynx (OPMEC).
Objective
We aim to summarize the published data on OPMEC and report the demographics, clinical presentation, histology, treatment strategies, and oncologic outcomes in OPMEC.
Methods
A comprehensive medical librarian-led systematic search was conducted of multiple comprehensive databases according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched for articles published through July 7, 2023, and updated the search on February 27, 2024. This was supplemented by a manual search on PubMed and of the bibliographies of included manuscripts. Review articles, national database studies, abstracts and studies not reporting on primary OPMEC were excluded. Inclusion criteria included human studies, population >18 years, peer-reviewed articles, English language, and reports including data of interest for patients with primary OPMEC. The review was conducted by two independent reviewers (GAC and AEB) and conflicts were resolved by the senior author (KMV). Findings were summarized and descriptive statistics were reported.
Results
Twenty-six publications – 2 case series and 24 case reports - describing 80 patients were included. Patients were predominantly female (30/54, 55.6 %) with a median age of 53 years (range: 19–88). OPMEC was most common in the base of tongue (41/54, 75.9 %) and most patients had an oropharyngeal mass noted on examination. Tumors were frequently T1/2 when reported (27/37, 72.9 %). Histological grade was most commonly intermediate grade (31/80, 38.7 %). There were 34 reports of nodal involvement. 21 cases reported both nodal involvement and grade, 5 of which were low grade, 10 intermediate grade, and 6 high grade primary tumors. The most commonly reported treatment modality was surgery alone (15/29, 51.7 %) or surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy (10/29, 34.4 %). 55.0 % (11/20) had positive margins on final pathology. Follow-up length varied (Range 75–146 months) and the overall survival was 85.0 %, with two unrelated deaths and one death likely attributed to OPMEC. Only one publication including 26 cases of OPMEC reported cancer specific survival outcomes, with 75 % 5-year and 65 % 10-year overall survival, and 86 % 5-year and 86 % 10-year distant metastases-free-survival.
Conclusions
OPMEC most often presents in females in their 50's as a base of tongue mass and has a high potential for nodal metastasis despite low or intermediate grading. Oncologic outcomes appear to be favorable following surgery with or without adjuvant therapy. Further research is needed to develop an evidence-based treatment strategy for patients with OPMEC.
{"title":"Oropharyngeal mucoepidermoid carcinoma: A systematic review of the literature","authors":"Gabriela A. Calcano , Adam E. Brown , Kelly L. Staricha , Rumeal D. Whaley , Patrick W. McGarrah , Mauricio E. Gamez , Daniel L. Price , Kendall K. Tasche , Linda X. Yin , Eric J. Moore , Kathryn M. Van Abel","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Importance</h3><div>There is a lack of evidence-based recommendations for patient work up, counseling, and management for mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the oropharynx (OPMEC).</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aim to summarize the published data on OPMEC and report the demographics, clinical presentation, histology, treatment strategies, and oncologic outcomes in OPMEC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive medical librarian-led systematic search was conducted of multiple comprehensive databases according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched for articles published through July 7, 2023, and updated the search on February 27, 2024. This was supplemented by a manual search on PubMed and of the bibliographies of included manuscripts. Review articles, national database studies, abstracts and studies not reporting on primary OPMEC were excluded. Inclusion criteria included human studies, population >18 years, peer-reviewed articles, English language, and reports including data of interest for patients with primary OPMEC. The review was conducted by two independent reviewers (GAC and AEB) and conflicts were resolved by the senior author (KMV). Findings were summarized and descriptive statistics were reported.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-six publications – 2 case series and 24 case reports - describing 80 patients were included. Patients were predominantly female (30/54, 55.6 %) with a median age of 53 years (range: 19–88). OPMEC was most common in the base of tongue (41/54, 75.9 %) and most patients had an oropharyngeal mass noted on examination. Tumors were frequently T1/2 when reported (27/37, 72.9 %). Histological grade was most commonly intermediate grade (31/80, 38.7 %). There were 34 reports of nodal involvement. 21 cases reported both nodal involvement and grade, 5 of which were low grade, 10 intermediate grade, and 6 high grade primary tumors. The most commonly reported treatment modality was surgery alone (15/29, 51.7 %) or surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy (10/29, 34.4 %). 55.0 % (11/20) had positive margins on final pathology. Follow-up length varied (Range 75–146 months) and the overall survival was 85.0 %, with two unrelated deaths and one death likely attributed to OPMEC. Only one publication including 26 cases of OPMEC reported cancer specific survival outcomes, with 75 % 5-year and 65 % 10-year overall survival, and 86 % 5-year and 86 % 10-year distant metastases-free-survival.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>OPMEC most often presents in females in their 50's as a base of tongue mass and has a high potential for nodal metastasis despite low or intermediate grading. Oncologic outcomes appear to be favorable following surgery with or without adjuvant therapy. Further research is needed to develop an evidence-based treatment strategy for patients with OPMEC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100695"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100690
Nandhini J., Karthikeyan E.
{"title":"Crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and tumour cells in head and neck cancer - Unraveling the complex pathway and CAF-targeted therapy","authors":"Nandhini J., Karthikeyan E.","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100690","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100690"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100685
Luca Fiorillo
The advent of AI-assisted writing tools, such as ChatGPT, has generated significant debate within scientific communities, primarily regarding their influence on the rigor and integrity of academic writing. While critics argue that reliance on these tools could dilute analytical depth or introduce biases, a balanced perspective suggests that AI-driven writing can enhance clarity, structure complex arguments, and improve the efficiency of scientific communication. This manuscript addresses the controversies surrounding AI writing by analyzing historical precedents of methodological errors in published research, highlighting the need for error-minimizing tools during manuscript preparation. Case studies of notable retractions and methodological critiques reveal that inaccuracies in scientific literature are not unique to the era of AI. These issues underscore the need for stringent ethical practices and critical evaluation, regardless of technological advancements. AI writing tools, when employed responsibly, serve as valuable assets to researchers by supporting precision and transparency in scholarly communication. Thus, embracing AI tools, rather than demonizing them, may contribute positively to the goals of reproducibility and trustworthiness in academic publications. Ethical guidelines and a commitment to integrity remain paramount as these tools evolve.
{"title":"Confronting the demonization of AI writing: Reevaluating its role in upholding scientific integrity","authors":"Luca Fiorillo","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advent of AI-assisted writing tools, such as ChatGPT, has generated significant debate within scientific communities, primarily regarding their influence on the rigor and integrity of academic writing. While critics argue that reliance on these tools could dilute analytical depth or introduce biases, a balanced perspective suggests that AI-driven writing can enhance clarity, structure complex arguments, and improve the efficiency of scientific communication. This manuscript addresses the controversies surrounding AI writing by analyzing historical precedents of methodological errors in published research, highlighting the need for error-minimizing tools during manuscript preparation. Case studies of notable retractions and methodological critiques reveal that inaccuracies in scientific literature are not unique to the era of AI. These issues underscore the need for stringent ethical practices and critical evaluation, regardless of technological advancements. AI writing tools, when employed responsibly, serve as valuable assets to researchers by supporting precision and transparency in scholarly communication. Thus, embracing AI tools, rather than demonizing them, may contribute positively to the goals of reproducibility and trustworthiness in academic publications. Ethical guidelines and a commitment to integrity remain paramount as these tools evolve.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100685"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Comment on “Advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma arising in verrucous carcinoma with nodal and pulmonary metastasis: Exemplifying patient negligence and impact of alternative medicine”","authors":"Siva Annamalai, Vinodini Ramamoorthy, Mangaleshwari Baskaran","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100693","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100686
P.J. Nagarathna , Santosh R. Patil
Background
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe complication associated with antiresorptive and antiangiogenic therapies commonly used to manage bone metastasis and improve bone density in cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate MRONJ's incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of MRONJ in patients receiving these therapies.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 98 patients who had received antiresorptive or antiangiogenic medications for at least one year. Data were collected from the electronic health records, focusing on demographics, medication details, comorbidities, dental history, and MRONJ status. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of MRONJ, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess treatment outcomes, comparing surgical and conservative management approaches.
Results
The incidence of MRONJ was 21.4 % among the study cohort. Logistic regression identified prolonged medication duration (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5; p = 0.01), comorbidities (OR = 3.2; p = 0.003), and prior dental procedures (OR = 2.1; p = 0.02) as significant predictors of MRONJ. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that surgical intervention resulted in longer survival (median 24.5 Â months) than conservative management (median 12.8 months; p < 0.01). Despite the high rates of healing (71.4 %) and pain management success (85.7 %), a recurrence rate of 23.8 % indicated MRONJ's chronic nature of MRONJ.
Conclusion
This study underscores the importance of early identification and interdisciplinary management of MRONJ risk factors, particularly in patients with prolonged antiresorptive or antiangiogenic therapy. Surgical intervention appears beneficial; however, high recurrence rates emphasize the need for vigilant monitoring and patient-specific treatment strategies.
{"title":"Preliminary analysis of incidence, risk factors, and management of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer patients","authors":"P.J. Nagarathna , Santosh R. Patil","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe complication associated with antiresorptive and antiangiogenic therapies commonly used to manage bone metastasis and improve bone density in cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate MRONJ's incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of MRONJ in patients receiving these therapies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 98 patients who had received antiresorptive or antiangiogenic medications for at least one year. Data were collected from the electronic health records, focusing on demographics, medication details, comorbidities, dental history, and MRONJ status. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of MRONJ, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess treatment outcomes, comparing surgical and conservative management approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The incidence of MRONJ was 21.4 % among the study cohort. Logistic regression identified prolonged medication duration (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5; p = 0.01), comorbidities (OR = 3.2; p = 0.003), and prior dental procedures (OR = 2.1; p = 0.02) as significant predictors of MRONJ. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that surgical intervention resulted in longer survival (median 24.5 Â months) than conservative management (median 12.8 months; p < 0.01). Despite the high rates of healing (71.4 %) and pain management success (85.7 %), a recurrence rate of 23.8 % indicated MRONJ's chronic nature of MRONJ.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study underscores the importance of early identification and interdisciplinary management of MRONJ risk factors, particularly in patients with prolonged antiresorptive or antiangiogenic therapy. Surgical intervention appears beneficial; however, high recurrence rates emphasize the need for vigilant monitoring and patient-specific treatment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100686"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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