Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100674
Raman Dineja, R. Ashwini
“EXOSOMES” are one of the most important varieties of extracellular vesicles. They help in communication within the cell. The end version of exosomes involves in immune-modulation, stromal adaptation, and multiple biological events. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered as second most common cancer in the world. Detection of oral carcinoma happens only during the end stage which makes very poor prognosis of the condition. Now a days multiple research projects are conducted to detect and diagnose the oral squamous cell carcinoma during its early stage. In these researches exosomes play a vital role in detecting the OSCC. A PubMed search was performed for English-language, full-text available papers published from January 2005 to March 2024, focusing on exosomes role in Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This review is done to understand the timely research where exosomes are used in various aspect in terms of OSCC. This review help to recall the yearly achievement in the diagnosis, treatment planning, prognosis of OSCC by utilising the exosomes.
{"title":"Journey of Exosomes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)","authors":"Raman Dineja, R. Ashwini","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>“EXOSOMES” are one of the most important varieties of extracellular vesicles. They help in communication within the cell. The end version of exosomes involves in immune-modulation, stromal adaptation, and multiple biological events. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered as second most common cancer in the world. Detection of oral carcinoma happens only during the end stage which makes very poor prognosis of the condition. Now a days multiple research projects are conducted to detect and diagnose the oral squamous cell carcinoma during its early stage. In these researches exosomes play a vital role in detecting the OSCC. A PubMed search was performed for English-language, full-text available papers published from January 2005 to March 2024, focusing on exosomes role in Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This review is done to understand the timely research where exosomes are used in various aspect in terms of OSCC. This review help to recall the yearly achievement in the diagnosis, treatment planning, prognosis of OSCC by utilising the exosomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100674"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100676
Shrikant B. Mali
Introduction
Delta radiomics is a tool used to assess the response of oncologic patients undergoing immunotherapy. It extracts high-dimensional quantitative features from medical images, providing information about cancer's phenotype, genotype, and tumoral microenvironment. This analysis could help avoid invasive procedures and help choose the most suitable therapeutic in multiple therapeutic options. Radiomics has gained interest as an imaging biomarker for predicting response to various immunotherapies. Delta radiomics assesses feature variations from one time point to another based on subsequent images, offering higher value for treatment-outcome prediction or patient stratification into risk categories. It has potential benefits for clinical endpoints in oncology, such as differential diagnosis, prognosis, treatment response prediction, and evaluation of side effects. Further research with prospective and multicentre studies is needed for clinical validation of delta radiomics approaches.
Statement of clinical significance
In head and neck oncology, delta radiomics can be used to enhance the precision of diagnosis, assess tumor response, forecast normal tissue toxicity, predict clinical outcome, and pinpoint characteristics for treatment modification. Patients' quality of life may be enhanced by it. It can support post-treatment surveillance. Additionally, it can support the delivery of individualized care based on a patient's reaction to medication and radiation.
{"title":"Delta Radiomics — Potential role in Head Neck Cancer","authors":"Shrikant B. Mali","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Delta radiomics is a tool used to assess the response of oncologic patients undergoing immunotherapy. It extracts high-dimensional quantitative features from medical images, providing information about cancer's phenotype, genotype, and tumoral microenvironment. This analysis could help avoid invasive procedures and help choose the most suitable therapeutic in multiple therapeutic options. Radiomics has gained interest as an imaging biomarker for predicting response to various immunotherapies. Delta radiomics assesses feature variations from one time point to another based on subsequent images, offering higher value for treatment-outcome prediction or patient stratification into risk categories. It has potential benefits for clinical endpoints in oncology, such as differential diagnosis, prognosis, treatment response prediction, and evaluation of side effects. Further research with prospective and multicentre studies is needed for clinical validation of delta radiomics approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Statement of clinical significance</h3><div>In head and neck oncology, delta radiomics can be used to enhance the precision of diagnosis, assess tumor response, forecast normal tissue toxicity, predict clinical outcome, and pinpoint characteristics for treatment modification. Patients' quality of life may be enhanced by it. It can support post-treatment surveillance. Additionally, it can support the delivery of individualized care based on a patient's reaction to medication and radiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100676"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100671
Shweta S. Yamgar , Saee H. Thakur
Oral oncology, which addresses the diagnosis and treatment of cancers in the oral cavity, presents unique challenges that demand an effective quality risk management (QRM) framework. This review explores the essential principles of QRM as they relate to oral oncology, focusing on the importance of patient safety and treatment effectiveness amidst complex care processes. The article outlines various tools and methodologies utilized for risk identification and mitigation, including Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Root Cause Analysis (RCA), while emphasizing the need for standardized protocols to enhance consistency in treatment delivery. Furthermore, it evaluates innovative strategies aimed at increasing patient engagement and improving communication among healthcare providers, which are crucial for successful treatment outcomes. The integration of multidisciplinary teams and advanced technologies is highlighted as a pivotal aspect of QRM in oral oncology. By fostering a culture of continuous improvement and proactive risk management, healthcare stakeholders can better navigate the complexities of oral cancer treatment, ultimately leading to enhanced patient outcomes and safety. This comprehensive examination underscores the vital role of QRM in advancing the quality of care in oral oncology. Oral oncology focuses on diagnosing and treating cancers affecting the oral cavity, including the lips, gums, tongue, and salivary glands. With the rising global incidence of oral cancers, largely attributed to lifestyle factors such as tobacco and alcohol use, the urgency for effective diagnosis and treatment has never been greater. An effective quality risk management (QRM) framework is essential to enhance patient outcomes and safety.
{"title":"Oral oncology quality risk management: Tools and strategies to reduce risk","authors":"Shweta S. Yamgar , Saee H. Thakur","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oral oncology, which addresses the diagnosis and treatment of cancers in the oral cavity, presents unique challenges that demand an effective quality risk management (QRM) framework. This review explores the essential principles of QRM as they relate to oral oncology, focusing on the importance of patient safety and treatment effectiveness amidst complex care processes. The article outlines various tools and methodologies utilized for risk identification and mitigation, including Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Root Cause Analysis (RCA), while emphasizing the need for standardized protocols to enhance consistency in treatment delivery. Furthermore, it evaluates innovative strategies aimed at increasing patient engagement and improving communication among healthcare providers, which are crucial for successful treatment outcomes. The integration of multidisciplinary teams and advanced technologies is highlighted as a pivotal aspect of QRM in oral oncology. By fostering a culture of continuous improvement and proactive risk management, healthcare stakeholders can better navigate the complexities of oral cancer treatment, ultimately leading to enhanced patient outcomes and safety. This comprehensive examination underscores the vital role of QRM in advancing the quality of care in oral oncology. Oral oncology focuses on diagnosing and treating cancers affecting the oral cavity, including the lips, gums, tongue, and salivary glands. With the rising global incidence of oral cancers, largely attributed to lifestyle factors such as tobacco and alcohol use, the urgency for effective diagnosis and treatment has never been greater. An effective quality risk management (QRM) framework is essential to enhance patient outcomes and safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100671"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100672
Milena Fior , Francesco Mazzola , Mario Rigante , Joseph Khazen , Renato Covello , Antonello Vidiri , Raul Pellini
Background
Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare malignant neoplasm of neuroectodermal origin. Within an already very rare neoplasm, an even rarer and lesser-known entity is ectopic ONB.
Methods
A 57-year-old female patient was evaluated for a smooth ethmoidal mass. A contrast-enhanced MRI identified a lesion with epicenter in the osteo-meatal complex without cribriform plate and olfactory recesses involvement. Endoscopic guided biopsy showed ONB Hyams II. An endoscopic trans-nasal resection was performed.
Results
The postoperative course was uneventful. A definitive histologic examination confirmed a Hyams grade II, Kadish B ONB, corroborating the ectopic localization. Due to the tumor stage and grade, no adjuvant treatment was performed. The patient was free of disease at one-year postoperative follow-up.
Conclusions
Ectopic ONB should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a sinonasal mass. Olfactory bulb and dura resection should be dictated by the clinical or radiological involvement of the cribriform plate.
{"title":"Ectopic primary olfactory neuroblastoma: Clinical management of an extremely rare entity","authors":"Milena Fior , Francesco Mazzola , Mario Rigante , Joseph Khazen , Renato Covello , Antonello Vidiri , Raul Pellini","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare malignant neoplasm of neuroectodermal origin. Within an already very rare neoplasm, an even rarer and lesser-known entity is ectopic ONB.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 57-year-old female patient was evaluated for a smooth ethmoidal mass. A contrast-enhanced MRI identified a lesion with epicenter in the osteo-meatal complex without cribriform plate and olfactory recesses involvement. Endoscopic guided biopsy showed ONB Hyams II. An endoscopic trans-nasal resection was performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The postoperative course was uneventful. A definitive histologic examination confirmed a Hyams grade II, Kadish B ONB, corroborating the ectopic localization. Due to the tumor stage and grade, no adjuvant treatment was performed. The patient was free of disease at one-year postoperative follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Ectopic ONB should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a sinonasal mass. Olfactory bulb and dura resection should be dictated by the clinical or radiological involvement of the cribriform plate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100672"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100669
D. Sakthi Sanjana, E. Elizabeth Rani, S. Madhumitha, M. Yuvaraj, E. Karthikeyan
Neck neoplasms encompass a diverse group of malignancies, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), thyroid cancer, salivary gland tumors, and lymphomas. Recent advancements in molecular biology and immunotherapy have revolutionized the treatment landscape for these cancers. Personalized medicine, guided by genomic profiling and biomarker-driven therapies, has emerged as a promising approach to improve patient outcomes. In HNSCC, targeted therapies focusing on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway have shown efficacy. Additionally, immunotherapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have demonstrated durable responses in advanced HNSCC. For thyroid cancer, BRAF V600E and RET/PTC rearrangements have been identified as potential therapeutic targets, with BRAF and RET inhibitors showing promising results. In salivary gland tumors, androgen receptor signaling and HER2 expression have emerged as potential targets for personalized treatment. Lymphomas of the neck have benefited from the use of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies and Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Immunotherapy, particularly PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and adoptive cell therapy, has shown encouraging outcomes across various neck neoplasms. Combination therapies, such as concurrent chemoradiotherapy and targeted therapy with chemotherapy, have further improved treatment efficacy. However, challenges remain in identifying reliable biomarkers for predicting treatment response and overcoming resistance to cancer therapies. Ongoing clinical trials and research efforts are crucial for refining personalized treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes in neck neoplasms.
{"title":"Precision oncology in head and neck cancers: From molecular mechanisms to novel therapeutic strategies","authors":"D. Sakthi Sanjana, E. Elizabeth Rani, S. Madhumitha, M. Yuvaraj, E. Karthikeyan","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neck neoplasms encompass a diverse group of malignancies, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), thyroid cancer, salivary gland tumors, and lymphomas. Recent advancements in molecular biology and immunotherapy have revolutionized the treatment landscape for these cancers. Personalized medicine, guided by genomic profiling and biomarker-driven therapies, has emerged as a promising approach to improve patient outcomes. In HNSCC, targeted therapies focusing on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway have shown efficacy. Additionally, immunotherapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have demonstrated durable responses in advanced HNSCC. For thyroid cancer, BRAF V600E and RET/PTC rearrangements have been identified as potential therapeutic targets, with BRAF and RET inhibitors showing promising results. In salivary gland tumors, androgen receptor signaling and HER2 expression have emerged as potential targets for personalized treatment. Lymphomas of the neck have benefited from the use of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies and Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Immunotherapy, particularly PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and adoptive cell therapy, has shown encouraging outcomes across various neck neoplasms. Combination therapies, such as concurrent chemoradiotherapy and targeted therapy with chemotherapy, have further improved treatment efficacy. However, challenges remain in identifying reliable biomarkers for predicting treatment response and overcoming resistance to cancer therapies. Ongoing clinical trials and research efforts are crucial for refining personalized treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes in neck neoplasms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100669"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a challenging malignancy characterized by poor prognosis, particularly in advanced or metastatic stages. Standard chemotherapy, primarily platinum-based, has long been the cornerstone of treatment for recurrent or metastatic HNSCC, yet its survival benefits remain modest, with significant toxicity. The advent of immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, has shifted the treatment paradigm by offering durable responses in a subset of patients, particularly those with biomarker-driven indications. Meanwhile, combination therapy, integrating chemotherapy with immunotherapy or targeted agents, has emerged as a potential strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a comparative analysis of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapy (CICT) based on clinical trial outcomes, focusing on two key metrics: overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). While chemotherapy alone typically results in limited survival benefits, immunotherapy has demonstrated significant OS improvements, especially in biomarker-selected populations, though its impact on PFS is less consistent. Combination therapies have shown promise in improving both OS and PFS compared to monotherapies, though they also raise concerns about cumulative toxicity. By evaluating the strengths and limitations of each treatment approach, this review aims to clarify their relative roles in the current and future treatment landscape for HNSCC. It also underscores the importance of ongoing research to refine therapeutic strategies and optimize patient outcomes.
{"title":"Systematic analysis of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) clinical trials: Focusing on overall survival and progression-free survival outcomes","authors":"Priya Ganesan, Saravanan Sekaran, Pasiyappazham Ramasamy, Dhanraj Ganapathy","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a challenging malignancy characterized by poor prognosis, particularly in advanced or metastatic stages. Standard chemotherapy, primarily platinum-based, has long been the cornerstone of treatment for recurrent or metastatic HNSCC, yet its survival benefits remain modest, with significant toxicity. The advent of immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, has shifted the treatment paradigm by offering durable responses in a subset of patients, particularly those with biomarker-driven indications. Meanwhile, combination therapy, integrating chemotherapy with immunotherapy or targeted agents, has emerged as a potential strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a comparative analysis of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapy (CICT) based on clinical trial outcomes, focusing on two key metrics: overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). While chemotherapy alone typically results in limited survival benefits, immunotherapy has demonstrated significant OS improvements, especially in biomarker-selected populations, though its impact on PFS is less consistent. Combination therapies have shown promise in improving both OS and PFS compared to monotherapies, though they also raise concerns about cumulative toxicity. By evaluating the strengths and limitations of each treatment approach, this review aims to clarify their relative roles in the current and future treatment landscape for HNSCC. It also underscores the importance of ongoing research to refine therapeutic strategies and optimize patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a complex group of malignancies that exhibit distinct clinical and molecular characteristics, especially in the HPV-negative subset. The treatment landscape for HPV-negative HNSCC has historically been limited to surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, with these modalities often yielding suboptimal outcomes. The emergence of advanced immunotherapy represents a paradigm shift, offering new therapeutic options for this challenging cancer type. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest advancements in immunotherapy for HPV-negative HNSCC, focusing on, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, therapeutic cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors. It also explores the potential benefits and limitations of combining immunotherapy with other treatment modalities including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and radiation. Key challenges, including tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppressive microenvironment, and resistance mechanisms, are discussed. The review concludes with a look at future research directions and strategies to overcome these challenges and improve patient outcomes.
{"title":"Emergence of advanced immunotherapy: New horizons for HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"Madhan Krishnan , Shyamaladevi Babu , M.V. Vinaya Kumar , Rajasekaran Subbarayan","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a complex group of malignancies that exhibit distinct clinical and molecular characteristics, especially in the HPV-negative subset. The treatment landscape for HPV-negative HNSCC has historically been limited to surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, with these modalities often yielding suboptimal outcomes. The emergence of advanced immunotherapy represents a paradigm shift, offering new therapeutic options for this challenging cancer type. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest advancements in immunotherapy for HPV-negative HNSCC, focusing on, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, therapeutic cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors. It also explores the potential benefits and limitations of combining immunotherapy with other treatment modalities including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and radiation. Key challenges, including tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppressive microenvironment, and resistance mechanisms, are discussed. The review concludes with a look at future research directions and strategies to overcome these challenges and improve patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100670"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100667
Kelsey B. Wood , Lauren S. Buck , Charlotte S. Taylor , Johnny Yang , Edward Florez , Todd A. Nichols , Jeffrey D. Hooker , Candace M. Howard-Claudio , Anne C. Kane , Oishika Paul , Lana L. Jackson , Christopher Spankovich , Gina D. Jefferson
Objectives
The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) for head and neck malignancies incorporated depth of invasion (DOI) for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). Currently, there is no standardized method to determine clinical DOI (cDOI). We aim to validate radiologic DOI (rDOI) utilizing contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) imaging.
Materials and methods
Radiographic DOI was defined as the coronal measurement of the deepest margin parallel to the expected normal mucosal plane. To establish a valid, accurate and repeatable rDOI, a retrospective cohort at a single institution tertiary hospital underwent preoperative CECT. Radiographic DOI was independently assessed by 2 neuroradiologists. Correlation was determined between rDOI and pDOI. A prospective pilot study of 49 patients with newly diagnosed OCSCC underwent rDOI assessment compared to final pDOI to assess our rDOI method clinical applicability.
Results
Neuroradiologists demonstrated a high degree of predictability between rDOI and pDOI with as great as 90.91 % accuracy for readable CECTs. Inter-observer correlations were strong in the retrospective (Session 1: ICC = 0.956; Session 2: ICC = 0.932) and prospective cohorts (Session 1: ICC = 0.859; Session 2: ICC = 0.913) illustrating reliability. Intraobserver correlations were also strong (Retrospective Reader 1 ICC = 0.968, Reader 2 ICC = 0.941; prospective Reader 1 ICC = 0.965, Reader 2 ICC = 0.800, p < 0.001). T1 lesions were immeasurable 25–62.5 % of the time.
Conclusions
Using CECT, the coronal measurement of the deepest margin parallel to the expected normal mucosal plane can enhance determination of a reliable cDOI in OCSCC corresponding to pDOI without change in staging for T2 and greater lesions.
{"title":"Validation of clinical tumor depth of invasion measure in patients with oral cavity cancer","authors":"Kelsey B. Wood , Lauren S. Buck , Charlotte S. Taylor , Johnny Yang , Edward Florez , Todd A. Nichols , Jeffrey D. Hooker , Candace M. Howard-Claudio , Anne C. Kane , Oishika Paul , Lana L. Jackson , Christopher Spankovich , Gina D. Jefferson","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) for head and neck malignancies incorporated depth of invasion (DOI) for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). Currently, there is no standardized method to determine clinical DOI (cDOI). We aim to validate radiologic DOI (rDOI) utilizing contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) imaging.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Radiographic DOI was defined as the coronal measurement of the deepest margin parallel to the expected normal mucosal plane. To establish a valid, accurate and repeatable rDOI, a retrospective cohort at a single institution tertiary hospital underwent preoperative CECT. Radiographic DOI was independently assessed by 2 neuroradiologists. Correlation was determined between rDOI and pDOI. A prospective pilot study of 49 patients with newly diagnosed OCSCC underwent rDOI assessment compared to final pDOI to assess our rDOI method clinical applicability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Neuroradiologists demonstrated a high degree of predictability between rDOI and pDOI with as great as 90.91 % accuracy for readable CECTs. Inter-observer correlations were strong in the retrospective (Session 1: ICC = 0.956; Session 2: ICC = 0.932) and prospective cohorts (Session 1: ICC = 0.859; Session 2: ICC = 0.913) illustrating reliability. Intraobserver correlations were also strong (Retrospective Reader 1 ICC = 0.968, Reader 2 ICC = 0.941; prospective Reader 1 ICC = 0.965, Reader 2 ICC = 0.800, p < 0.001). T1 lesions were immeasurable 25–62.5 % of the time.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Using CECT, the coronal measurement of the deepest margin parallel to the expected normal mucosal plane can enhance determination of a reliable cDOI in OCSCC corresponding to pDOI without change in staging for T2 and greater lesions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100667"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) that modulates tumor growth, metastasis, and treatment response. This review intends to shed light on the key components of the TME, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), immunological cells, endothelial cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as their functions in OSCC biology. We address how interactions within the TME lead to tumor growth, treatment resistance, and immune evasion, focusing on current clinical studies that target these processes. In addition, we evaluate emerging therapeutic methods, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, anti-angiogenic medicines, and ECM remodeling inhibitors, which have shown promise in clinical trials. Despite the obstacles faced by TME heterogeneity and the requirement for robust biomarkers, personalized medicine approaches based on TME profiling hold great promise for improving treatment results. This review underlines the necessity of ongoing research to integrate TME-focused medicines into clinical practice and provides future options for overcoming resistance and improving therapeutic efficacy by targeting both tumor cells and their microenvironment.
{"title":"Tumor microenvironment in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Implications for novel therapies","authors":"Shyamaladevi Babu , Maghizh Jemima Manavalan , Shaik hifza jasmine , Madhan Krishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) that modulates tumor growth, metastasis, and treatment response. This review intends to shed light on the key components of the TME, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), immunological cells, endothelial cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as their functions in OSCC biology. We address how interactions within the TME lead to tumor growth, treatment resistance, and immune evasion, focusing on current clinical studies that target these processes. In addition, we evaluate emerging therapeutic methods, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, anti-angiogenic medicines, and ECM remodeling inhibitors, which have shown promise in clinical trials. Despite the obstacles faced by TME heterogeneity and the requirement for robust biomarkers, personalized medicine approaches based on TME profiling hold great promise for improving treatment results. This review underlines the necessity of ongoing research to integrate TME-focused medicines into clinical practice and provides future options for overcoming resistance and improving therapeutic efficacy by targeting both tumor cells and their microenvironment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100666"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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