Oral Oncology Reports最新文献

英文中文

Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS 1) serum levels in patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Oral Oncology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100708

Deeksheetha Prabhuvenkatesh , Karthikeyan Ramalingam , Pratibha Ramani , Selvaraj Jayaram

Aim

To assess the expression of IRS 1 values in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) patients and its association with histological grading, tumor staging, and habits.

Objective

To assess the expression of IRS1 in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. To correlate IRS1 values with histological grading, tumor staging, habits, and overall survival in OSCC patients.

Materials and methods

IRS 1 values were assessed in N = 106 patients. IRS 1 values in 53 OSCC patients at preoperative and postoperative 3 months and were compared with 53 healthy controls using the sandwich ELISA method. The IRS 1 values were associated with clinicohistopathological factors. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23.0 by IBM. One-way ANOVA and paired student t-tests were carried out and any p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

The mean preoperative IRS 1 value in OSCC patients was 0.071 ± 0.013, (p-value <0.001) and the mean postoperative 3 months IRS 1 value was 0.103 ± 0.037 (p-value = 0.025). The mean IRS 1 value of healthy controls was 0.134 ± 0.111 (p-value <0.001). The mean values in preoperative OSCC patients were underexpressed, compared to healthy controls and postoperative OSCC patients.

Conclusion

IRS1 expression was associated with various clinicopathological factors such as habit status, pathological tumor staging, and tumor grading. It was also found that underexpression of IRS1 was associated with poor prognosis of OSCC patients.

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引用次数: 0

Response to “The application of ChatGPT in the peer-reviewing process”

Oral Oncology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100709

Dag Øivind Madsen, Shahab Saquib Sohail

引用次数: 0

Integrating machine learning to customize chemotherapy for oral cancer patients

Oral Oncology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100711

Saraswati Patel , Divya Yadav , Dheeraj Kumar

Oral cancer, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), poses a significant global health burden, with over 350,000 new cases annually. Despite chemotherapy being critical for advanced-stage treatment, its lack of personalization often results in inconsistent responses, severe side effects, and limited efficacy. Current methodologies, such as rule-based systems and traditional statistical models, fail to account for the complex, nonlinear interactions between patient-specific factors and drug responses, underscoring the need for advanced solutions. This paper introduces a machine learning (ML)-driven framework to optimize chemotherapy regimens for oral cancer patients. By leveraging multi-modal datasets, including genomic profiles, clinical histories, tumor burden indices, and drug toxicity metrics, the proposed model achieves remarkable results. Utilizing an ensemble of random forests and neural networks, the framework achieves an accuracy of 92 %, outperforming existing ML methods (85 %) and traditional approaches (78 %). Additionally, it demonstrates a 25 % reduction in chemotherapy-induced toxicity and a 20 % decrease in treatment costs. Key innovations include a novel efficacy-toxicity trade-off metric and adaptability through reinforcement learning for real-time regimen refinement. To address data privacy concerns, the framework incorporates federated learning, ensuring scalability across diverse healthcare systems. Preliminary results highlight a 15–20 % improvement in treatment efficacy and a 10 % reduction in adverse effects compared to existing methods. This interdisciplinary approach bridges the gap between oncology and ML, offering a robust foundation for personalized medicine. By tailoring chemotherapy regimens, this framework aims to improve survival rates, minimize treatment-related complications, and enhance the quality of life for oral cancer patients globally.

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引用次数: 0

Molecular mechanisms and diagnostic innovations in HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: Insights into integration, epigenetic modifications, and biomarker applications

Oral Oncology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100710

Geetha Shanmugam , Gnanaprakash Jeyaraj , Koustav Sarkar

引用次数: 0

Neoadjuvant cytokine (IRX-2) immunotherapy for resectable oral cavity carcinoma: Final results of the INSPIRE trial

Oral Oncology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100706

Gregory T. Wolf , Emily Bellile , Celine Mauquoi , Ariane Nguyen , Maureen Sartor , Siyu Liu , Laura Rozek , Jonathan B. McHugh

Oral cavity squamous carcinoma is characterized by alterations in cell mediated tumor immunity including a lack of immune reactive tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). To determine if a novel neoadjuvant injection of a multi-cytokine biologic (IRX-2) can restore immune reactivity and enhance patient survival, a randomized Phase 2 clinical trial was conducted in patients with Stage II-IV OSCC undergoing surgical resection (NCT 02609386).

The intention-to-treat (ITT) enrollment included 105 previously untreated patients, however 9 were excluded from the secondary endpoint analysis group for wrong histology, no treatment or patient refusal. A total of 96 patients comprised the final analytic group and were randomized (2:1) to receive the IRX-2 regimen (Regimen 1) compared to the identical regimen without IRX-2 cytokines (Regimen 2). Toxicity, tumor and immune responses, event-free (EFS) and overall (OS) survival were determined. Kaplan-Meier estimates for OS and EFS and inferential comparisons and asymptotoic log-rank testing between the two treatments were determined.

In prior preliminary analysis, significant increases in TILs and DMBT1 gene expression were noted for the IRX arm. No significant correlations of immunologic or tumor responses with survival outcomes were found. For the ITT population (n = 105) there were no significant differences in OS by treatment arm. OS [95 % CI] at 48 mo. was 70.4 [57.6, 80.0] vs 66.3 [47.5, 79.8] mos. (Regimen 1 vs Regimen 2, respectively).

Conclusions

Significant differences in survival were not seen, however, the trial demonstrated the feasibility of the neoadjuvant immunotherapy and differing immune modulation in each treatment arm. No correlations of immune biomarkers or tumor size changes with survival outcomes were identified.

{"title":"Neoadjuvant cytokine (IRX-2) immunotherapy for resectable oral cavity carcinoma: Final results of the INSPIRE trial","authors":"Gregory T. Wolf , Emily Bellile , Celine Mauquoi , Ariane Nguyen , Maureen Sartor , Siyu Liu , Laura Rozek , Jonathan B. McHugh","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oral cavity squamous carcinoma is characterized by alterations in cell mediated tumor immunity including a lack of immune reactive tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). To determine if a novel neoadjuvant injection of a multi-cytokine biologic (IRX-2) can restore immune reactivity and enhance patient survival, a randomized Phase 2 clinical trial was conducted in patients with Stage II-IV OSCC undergoing surgical resection (NCT 02609386).</div><div>The intention-to-treat (ITT) enrollment included 105 previously untreated patients, however 9 were excluded from the secondary endpoint analysis group for wrong histology, no treatment or patient refusal. A total of 96 patients comprised the final analytic group and were randomized (2:1) to receive the IRX-2 regimen (Regimen 1) compared to the identical regimen without IRX-2 cytokines (Regimen 2). Toxicity, tumor and immune responses, event-free (EFS) and overall (OS) survival were determined. Kaplan-Meier estimates for OS and EFS and inferential comparisons and asymptotoic log-rank testing between the two treatments were determined.</div><div>In prior preliminary analysis, significant increases in TILs and DMBT1 gene expression were noted for the IRX arm. No significant correlations of immunologic or tumor responses with survival outcomes were found. For the ITT population (n = 105) there were no significant differences in OS by treatment arm. OS [95 % CI] at 48 mo. was 70.4 [57.6, 80.0] vs 66.3 [47.5, 79.8] mos. (Regimen 1 vs Regimen 2, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Significant differences in survival were not seen, however, the trial demonstrated the feasibility of the neoadjuvant immunotherapy and differing immune modulation in each treatment arm. No correlations of immune biomarkers or tumor size changes with survival outcomes were identified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100706"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of ctDNA on metastatic cancer management: Current trends and future directions

Oral Oncology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100705

Omveer Singh , Usha Kumari Sah , Jay Chandra , Saraswati Patel

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a transformative tool in metastatic cancer management, offering a non-invasive approach for diagnosis, monitoring, and personalized treatment. This report examines recent advancements in ctDNA technology and its impact on oncology. ctDNA enables early cancer detection with high sensitivity (up to 85 %) and specificity (95 %) and provides valuable insights into disease progression and treatment efficacy. Technological innovations, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and artificial intelligence (AI), have enhanced the accuracy of ctDNA analysis. Furthermore, ctDNA facilitates personalized treatment strategies by identifying specific genetic mutations, improving therapeutic outcomes. The growing acceptance of ctDNA-based tests, alongside ongoing research into cost reduction and expanded applications, underscores its potential to revolutionize cancer care. This report highlights current trends, recent research, and future directions for integrating ctDNA into routine clinical practice.

引用次数: 0

Extended total semiconservative parotidectomy with skull base resection

Oral Oncology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100701

Bipin Thomas Varghese

A case of extensive intermediate grade muco epidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of parotid gland which was optimally excised in toto, by a skull base approach in presented. A semiconservative subradical surgery combined with planned post operative radiotherapy was selected to minimise the morbidity.

引用次数: 0

Synchronous or metachronous metastatic cutaneous cell carcinoma and lymphoma/cronic lymphocytic leukaemia: Considerations for management

Oral Oncology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100703

Valentina Terenzi , Veronica Clemenzi , Salvatore Martellucci , Andrea Stolfa , Fiorenza Dal Cortivo , Danilo Di Giorgio , Alberto DellAquila , Mattia Di Bartolomeo , Marco Della Monaca , Andrea Battisti , Paolo Priore , Andrea Gallo , Valentino Valentini , Giulio Pagliuca

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is not uncommon in patients affected by malignant lymphoma, mostly in elderly; the contemporary management of these diseases presents some difficulties, since they require different modalities of treatment. Only small case series and single case report are described in literature about synchronous or metachronous metastatic cutaneous cell carcinoma and lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; in addiction, we report our experience in order to illustrate difficulties encountered in the management of these patients. We conclude that these patients need a close follow-up, and that US-guided FNAC and ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET in addiction to MRI are useful for staging. cSCC, having a poorer prognosis, has to be treated first; nevertheless, mortality in these patients is obviously higher than expected in immunocompetent people.

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引用次数: 0

AI-driven diagnostics and personalized treatment planning in oral oncology: Innovations and future directions

Oral Oncology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100704

R. Satheeskumar

The increasing incidence and complexity of oral cancers demand advancements in both diagnostic precision and individualized treatment strategies. This study investigates the application of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly through deep learning and machine learning models, to enhance diagnostic accuracy and support personalized treatment planning in oral oncology. Recent advancements in AI-driven diagnostics, particularly using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Vision Transformers (ViTs), have significantly improved early detection and treatment prediction for oral cancer. By integrating datasets from medical imaging, clinical records, and histopathological profiles, our AI-driven models achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 93 %, with a sensitivity of 91 % and specificity of 94 %, surpassing traditional diagnostic approaches. Furthermore, our treatment prediction models, employing patient-specific tumour characteristics and clinical variables, demonstrated an 87 % accuracy in forecasting optimal therapeutic responses, effectively tailoring treatment strategies to individual patients. These findings underscore AI's transformative potential in oral oncology, providing a foundation for improved patient outcomes and paving the way for future innovations in personalized medicine, as highlighted by recent studies in the field.

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引用次数: 0

Intraoperative optical biopsy assessment during TORS head and neck cancer resections-a novel application of confocal laser endomicroscopy with intravenous fluorescein

Oral Oncology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100702

Harishanker Jeyarajan , Isha Chaudhary , Andrew Fuson , Sherin James , Akhilesh Wodeyar , Matti Sievert , Miguel Goncalves , Carissa M. Thomas , Jason Warram , Bharat Akhanda Panuganti

Margin assessment during transoral robotic surgical (TORS) resections of head and neck mucosal malignancies can be complex, originating in part from discrepancies in definitions of positive or close margins, and the technical difficulty of revising microscopic margins intraoperatively without incurring the functional consequences associated with soft tissue deficits in the oropharynx and larynx. Intraoperative optical imaging modalities, including confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), may represent an alternative or adjunctive option to delineate tumor footprint and assess for peripheral margin status. We present a case series describing our use of the Cellvizio® probe-based CLE platform as an intraoperative modality to assess for peripheral mucosal margins in the larynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx during TORS resections using robotic instrumentation to establish basic feasibility and create the groundwork for future investigations of relative efficacy and impact on local recurrence rates.

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引用次数: 0

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