Oral Oncology Reports最新文献

The pathogenesis of membranous BCA recurrence remains unclear, with only a few cases reported. The current study focuses on a case that exhibits a high Ki-67 proliferative index, which raises questions about its impact on the prognosis and treatment plan. We have conducted a literature review to gain insight into the altered ki67 expression pattern in membranous BCA. We have also proposed a hypothesis that suggests recurrent membranous BCA cases with Ki67 levels between 5 % and 10 % signify an intermediate grade and warrant reclassification. More research is needed to confirm this hypothesis and understand the prognosis for this variant.

Background

pl6 (CDKN2a) play a role in tumorigenesis in some head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Frequent homozygous deletions of the pl6 gene have been reported in many tumor cell lines including the brain, breast, osteosarcomas, melanomas, kidney, bladder, and ovary.

Materials and methods

5 patients without any tobacco using habit were included in group I as controls. 10 clinically and histopathologically confirmed cases of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) [oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) −7 & leukoplakia (moderate dysplasia) −3] were included in group II. 10 clinically and histopathologically confirmed cases of OSCC were categorized as group III. Buccal scrapings were taken and analyzed for exon 1, 2, 3 of p16 and homozygous deletion in exon 2 of p16 was also detected by PCR and gel electrophoresis.

Results

PCR amplification products of exon 1, 2, 3 of p16 were found in all 25 samples which include 10 cases of OSCC, 10 cases of OPMDs and 5 controls. Homozygous deletion in exon 2 was found only in 30 % of OSCC and 20 % of OPMD.

Conclusion

Our study showed that cytological samples yield sufficient amount of DNA, which showed 100 % positivity with exon 1, 2, 3 of p16 gene, but the percentage of genetic alteration of p16 gene seems to be less when compared with other related studies.

Oral cancer poses a global health challenge with high morbidity and mortality rates. Treatments, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, profoundly impact patients' quality of life (QoL). Enhancing QoL requires a comprehensive approach that integrates physical health management, psychological support, social support, and integrative and palliative care.

Effective pain management, nutritional support, and oral rehabilitation are crucial for maintaining physical health. Psychological support through counseling, psychotherapy, and mind-body interventions addresses emotional distress. Social support from family, caregivers, and community resources is essential for practical and emotional needs. Integrative care approaches and early palliative care provide holistic, patient-centered solutions.

This manuscript emphasizes the necessity of a holistic approach to improve the QoL for oral cancer patients, advocating for comprehensive, compassionate care plans that address physical, emotional, and social dimensions.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a diverse group of malignancies arising in the mucosal linings of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, influenced by factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study conducts a comprehensive meta-analysis of the mutational landscape of HNC across Asian cohorts, encompassing India, Korea, Japan, China, Singapore, and Saudi Arabia. The analysis highlights distinct genetic profiles influenced by environmental exposures, lifestyle habits, and genetic predispositions. Notably, the RAF family proteins, enriched in both Indian and Chinese cohorts, present potential therapeutic targets for RAF inhibitors like Vemurafenib. Additionaly, specific mutations like MET in Singaporean patients can be effectively addressed with drugs like Crizotinib, leading to rapid responses in HNSCC. Smokers exhibited high frequencies of CASP8 and FAT1 mutations. Novel driver genes, including RYR2 and ANK2, emerged with significant mutational frequencies in smokers. The RAS signaling pathway was identified as a prominent driver in HNC, contrasting with the globally prevalent PIK3CA/MTOR pathway. This study also underscores the high prevalence of HRAS mutations in Indian and Saudi cohorts. The study emphasizes the necessity for region-specific data to understand the unique molecular differences and develop effective therapies. The identification of NBEA and ANK2 as potential novel driver genes in HNC highlights new avenues for research and targeted therapeutic interventions tailored to the genetic profiles of Asian HNC patients.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) offers a promising non-invasive approach for early cancer detection, treatment monitoring, and personalized medicine, particularly in oral cancer. This review explores the clinical applications, challenges, and future prospects of ctDNA analysis. We highlight the integration of advanced machine learning (ML) models—Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forests (RF), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)—in ctDNA detection and analysis. These models significantly enhance the accuracy and reliability of ctDNA analysis, with accuracies reaching up to 93 %. SVM and RF models excel in classification and feature selection, while ANN and CNN models capture complex and spatial patterns, respectively. Despite challenges such as low ctDNA abundance and the need for standardized protocols, ML-driven ctDNA analysis holds immense potential for revolutionizing cancer diagnostics and treatment.