Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1017/s0041977x23000526
Phillip W. Stokes
Abstract This paper undertakes a close linguistic study of a unique translation of the gospels into Arabic as attested in three manuscript witnesses. The translation is unique insofar as it imitates the Quran, especially in lexicon and rhyme. Linguistically it mixes numerous features specific to the Quran with features from both the Classical Arabic (ClAr) tradition, including poetic archaisms not typical of standard ClAr, as well as from Christian Middle Arabic. I argue that the regnant framework for Middle Arabic – that it exists on a spectrum from dialects to standard Classical Arabic – is insufficient for understanding this text. Instead, we need to conceptualize the high register for at least some communities as encompassing distinctively Christian features, which originated as living features and had achieved prestige, along with ones from Classical Arabic and Quranic recitation traditions, and even Old Hijazi.
{"title":"<i>ʾinǧīl-in mubīn</i>: A mixed archaic, Quranic, and Middle Arabic translation of the gospels and its implications for the nature of Middle Arabic","authors":"Phillip W. Stokes","doi":"10.1017/s0041977x23000526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x23000526","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper undertakes a close linguistic study of a unique translation of the gospels into Arabic as attested in three manuscript witnesses. The translation is unique insofar as it imitates the Quran, especially in lexicon and rhyme. Linguistically it mixes numerous features specific to the Quran with features from both the Classical Arabic (ClAr) tradition, including poetic archaisms not typical of standard ClAr, as well as from Christian Middle Arabic. I argue that the regnant framework for Middle Arabic – that it exists on a spectrum from dialects to standard Classical Arabic – is insufficient for understanding this text. Instead, we need to conceptualize the high register for at least some communities as encompassing distinctively Christian features, which originated as living features and had achieved prestige, along with ones from Classical Arabic and Quranic recitation traditions, and even Old Hijazi.","PeriodicalId":9459,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1017/s0041977x23000757
Marco Fattori
Abstract This article deals with the identification and interpretation of two rare Middle Persian words. Firstly, some attestations of the as yet unrecognized word hassārīh are discussed, showing that it means “direction”. Then, a semantic analysis of its underived counterpart hassār is carried out, as a basis for an etymological proposal. Finally, it is argued that hassār descends from Old Persian * haçā-sāra- “(having the head) in the same direction”, and a possible reconstruction of the semantic development of the word is provided.
{"title":"A note on Pahlavi lexicography: Middle Persian <i>hassār</i>, <i>hassārīh</i>","authors":"Marco Fattori","doi":"10.1017/s0041977x23000757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x23000757","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article deals with the identification and interpretation of two rare Middle Persian words. Firstly, some attestations of the as yet unrecognized word <hs’lyh> hassārīh are discussed, showing that it means “direction”. Then, a semantic analysis of its underived counterpart hassār is carried out, as a basis for an etymological proposal. Finally, it is argued that hassār descends from Old Persian * haçā-sāra- “(having the head) in the same direction”, and a possible reconstruction of the semantic development of the word is provided.","PeriodicalId":9459,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X23000794
Ye Xu, In-han Kwon
Abstract This article presents relevant data on the usage of the sinograph jīng 椋 and revisits its origin and lexical form on the basis of textual examination, using primary sources from China, Korea and Japan. The authors conclude that jīng 椋, and its variants jīng , jīng 稤 and the miscopied form lǜe 掠, originated from its radical character jīng 京, meaning “warehouse, granary”, and that jīng 椋 was widely used in Koguryŏ, Paekche, Silla and Japan. Historical documents during the Koryŏ period also attest to the use of jīng 椋. The authors have reconstructed the lexical form of jīng 椋 as the disyllabic pre-Old Korean **kuL.raH in Paekche and **koL.raH in Silla, and the monosyllabic Old Korean *kolR as a Sillaic substratum that underwent the syllabic contraction and liquid change **-r- > *-l, that is **koL.raH > *kolR. The Western Old Japanese kun'yomi of jīng 椋, kura, is a loan from pre-Old Korean **kuL/koL.raH that took place before the eighth century.
{"title":"Revisiting jīng 椋 on the ancient Korean Peninsula","authors":"Ye Xu, In-han Kwon","doi":"10.1017/S0041977X23000794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X23000794","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents relevant data on the usage of the sinograph jīng 椋 and revisits its origin and lexical form on the basis of textual examination, using primary sources from China, Korea and Japan. The authors conclude that jīng 椋, and its variants jīng , jīng 稤 and the miscopied form lǜe 掠, originated from its radical character jīng 京, meaning “warehouse, granary”, and that jīng 椋 was widely used in Koguryŏ, Paekche, Silla and Japan. Historical documents during the Koryŏ period also attest to the use of jīng 椋. The authors have reconstructed the lexical form of jīng 椋 as the disyllabic pre-Old Korean **kuL.raH in Paekche and **koL.raH in Silla, and the monosyllabic Old Korean *kolR as a Sillaic substratum that underwent the syllabic contraction and liquid change **-r- > *-l, that is **koL.raH > *kolR. The Western Old Japanese kun'yomi of jīng 椋, kura, is a loan from pre-Old Korean **kuL/koL.raH that took place before the eighth century.","PeriodicalId":9459,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies","volume":"187 1","pages":"545 - 560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139213986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X23000861
Adam Sabra
The work under review is a valuable contribution to two burgeoning sub-fields in the history of the pre-modern Middle East: the history of the book and the history of archival practices. The authors have already made important contributions to these fields, including studies of the Damascus Ashraf ī ya madrasa library and the library of Ibn ʿ Abd al-H ā d ī , a fifteenth-century Damascene scholar. If the first study focused on a large institutional library and the second dealt with the library of a well-known scholar of Prophetic tradition ( ḥ ad ī th ), this third instalment in the trilogy is concerned with the library and estate of a minor scholar who lived in fourteenth-century Jerusalem. The library is known to us through a series of court documents from Jerusalem assembled after Burh ā n al-D ī n ’ s death in 1387. The documents in question form part of a corpus known as the Ḥ aram documents because they were discovered in the Islamic Museum located in al-Ḥ aram al-Shar ī f in Jerusalem. The vast majority of these 950 documents pertain to the tenure of one Sh ā fi ʿ ī judge in Jerusalem who was accused of misappropriating funds from pious endow-ments, leading to an investigation. They were first catalogued by Donald Little and previously utilized by Huda Lufti for a study of Jerusalem society in the fourteenth century and by Christian Müller to study judicial practice. There are quite a few estate inventories in this corpus of documents, but the documentation of Burh ā n al-D ī n ’ s library, including an extensive inventory that the authors call a sales booklet, is unique. The authors point out that this is the earliest library in Greater Syria for which we have detailed documentation. Burh ā n al-D ī n is an interesting figure precisely because he would otherwise be unknown
所评论的这部作品是对前现代中东史两个新兴分支领域的宝贵贡献：图书史和档案实践史。作者已经在这些领域做出了重要贡献，包括对大马士革阿什拉菲亚宗教学校图书馆和十五世纪大马士革学者伊本-阿卜杜勒-哈迪（Ibn ʿ Abd al-H ā d ī）图书馆的研究。如果说第一项研究关注的是一个大型机构图书馆，第二项研究涉及的是一位著名先知传统学者（ḥ ad ī th）的图书馆，那么三部曲中的第三部研究的则是一位生活在十四世纪耶路撒冷的小学者的图书馆和遗产。我们通过 Burh ā n al-D ī n 于 1387 年去世后收集的一系列耶路撒冷宫廷文件了解了这位学者的图书馆。由于这些文件是在位于耶路撒冷 al-Ḥ aram al-Shar ī f 的伊斯兰博物馆中发现的，因此被称为 Ḥ aram 文件。这 950 份文件中的绝大部分与耶路撒冷一名 Sh ā fi ʿ ī 法官的任期有关，该法官被指控挪用虔诚捐赠基金的资金，并因此受到调查。唐纳德-利特尔（Donald Little）首先对这些资料进行了编目，此前，胡达-卢夫蒂（Huda Lufti）利用这些资料对十四世纪的耶路撒冷社会进行了研究，克里斯蒂安-穆勒（Christian Müller）利用这些资料对司法实践进行了研究。在这批文献中，有不少遗产清单，但 Burh ā n al-D ī n 图书馆的文献，包括作者称之为销售手册的大量清单，是独一无二的。作者指出，这是我们拥有详细文献资料的大叙利亚地区最早的图书馆。Burh ā n al-D ī n 是一个有趣的人物，正是因为他不为人知
{"title":"Said Aljoumani and Konrad Hirschler: Owning Books and Preserving Documents in Medieval Jerusalem: The Library of Burhan al-Din (Edinburgh Studies in Classical Islamic History and Culture.) xii, 394 pp. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2023. ISBN 978 1 47449206 5.","authors":"Adam Sabra","doi":"10.1017/S0041977X23000861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X23000861","url":null,"abstract":"The work under review is a valuable contribution to two burgeoning sub-fields in the history of the pre-modern Middle East: the history of the book and the history of archival practices. The authors have already made important contributions to these fields, including studies of the Damascus Ashraf ī ya madrasa library and the library of Ibn ʿ Abd al-H ā d ī , a fifteenth-century Damascene scholar. If the first study focused on a large institutional library and the second dealt with the library of a well-known scholar of Prophetic tradition ( ḥ ad ī th ), this third instalment in the trilogy is concerned with the library and estate of a minor scholar who lived in fourteenth-century Jerusalem. The library is known to us through a series of court documents from Jerusalem assembled after Burh ā n al-D ī n ’ s death in 1387. The documents in question form part of a corpus known as the Ḥ aram documents because they were discovered in the Islamic Museum located in al-Ḥ aram al-Shar ī f in Jerusalem. The vast majority of these 950 documents pertain to the tenure of one Sh ā fi ʿ ī judge in Jerusalem who was accused of misappropriating funds from pious endow-ments, leading to an investigation. They were first catalogued by Donald Little and previously utilized by Huda Lufti for a study of Jerusalem society in the fourteenth century and by Christian Müller to study judicial practice. There are quite a few estate inventories in this corpus of documents, but the documentation of Burh ā n al-D ī n ’ s library, including an extensive inventory that the authors call a sales booklet, is unique. The authors point out that this is the earliest library in Greater Syria for which we have detailed documentation. Burh ā n al-D ī n is an interesting figure precisely because he would otherwise be unknown","PeriodicalId":9459,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies","volume":"19 7","pages":"586 - 587"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139168545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1017/s0041977x23000733
Ebru Turan
Abstract The Dürr-i meknūn ( The Hidden Pearl ) is one of the most fascinating and enigmatic works of fifteenth-century Ottoman literature. It consists of a digest of Islamic cosmology and cosmography engaging with a wide array of subjects, beginning with the Creation and concluding with the Last Judgement. The Dürr-i meknūn has long been attributed to the mystic and scholar Ahmed Bīcān and has accordingly been dated to between 1453 and 1466. However, building on the most recent research, which shows that Ahmed Bīcān could not possibly have penned the Dürr and that the text is in fact anonymous, this article provides a critical reading and new dating of the text by focusing on the apocalyptic prophecies found in Chapter 16. Using a novel methodology that integrates contextual and historical reading, with computations of Arabic gematria, my analysis demonstrates that the Dürr was composed in 1472–73, in anticipation of the Ottoman–Akkoyunlu confrontation at the Battle of Başkent, when fears were running high that the end of Ottoman rule was at hand.
{"title":"Apocalypticism and imperial criticism: (re)reading the <i>Dürr-i meknūn</i> (<i>The Hidden Pearl</i>, 1472–73) in the context of Ottoman–Akkoyunlu imperial confrontation","authors":"Ebru Turan","doi":"10.1017/s0041977x23000733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x23000733","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Dürr-i meknūn ( The Hidden Pearl ) is one of the most fascinating and enigmatic works of fifteenth-century Ottoman literature. It consists of a digest of Islamic cosmology and cosmography engaging with a wide array of subjects, beginning with the Creation and concluding with the Last Judgement. The Dürr-i meknūn has long been attributed to the mystic and scholar Ahmed Bīcān and has accordingly been dated to between 1453 and 1466. However, building on the most recent research, which shows that Ahmed Bīcān could not possibly have penned the Dürr and that the text is in fact anonymous, this article provides a critical reading and new dating of the text by focusing on the apocalyptic prophecies found in Chapter 16. Using a novel methodology that integrates contextual and historical reading, with computations of Arabic gematria, my analysis demonstrates that the Dürr was composed in 1472–73, in anticipation of the Ottoman–Akkoyunlu confrontation at the Battle of Başkent, when fears were running high that the end of Ottoman rule was at hand.","PeriodicalId":9459,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135202841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1017/s0041977x23000599
Bernhard Fuehrer
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{"title":"Daniel K. Gardner (trans.): <i>Zhu Xi: Basic Teachings</i> New York: Columbia University Press, 2022. ISBN 978 0 231 20633 4.","authors":"Bernhard Fuehrer","doi":"10.1017/s0041977x23000599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x23000599","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.","PeriodicalId":9459,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135144150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1017/s0041977x23000654
Andreas Hölzl
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{"title":"Lü Shanshan: <i>A Reference Grammar of Caijia: An Unclassified Language of Guizhou</i> (Sinitic Languages of China 8.) xxviii, 600 pp. Berlin: de Gruyter Mouton, 2022, ISBN 978 3 11072480 6.","authors":"Andreas Hölzl","doi":"10.1017/s0041977x23000654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x23000654","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.","PeriodicalId":9459,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135144159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1017/s0041977x23000782
Hiu Yu Cheung
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{"title":"The “Black sheep” of the early Daoxue community: the making of Xing Shu's historical image – CORRIGENDUM","authors":"Hiu Yu Cheung","doi":"10.1017/s0041977x23000782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x23000782","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button.","PeriodicalId":9459,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135145745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1017/s0041977x23000769
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{"title":"BSO volume 86 issue 2 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0041977x23000769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x23000769","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.","PeriodicalId":9459,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135145747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1017/s0041977x23000587
Caroline Finkel
Gottfried Hagen and Robert Dankoff (eds); Ferenc Csirkés, John Curry, Gary Leiser (translators): An Ottoman Cosmography. Translation of Cihānnümā By Katib Çelebi. (Handbook of Oriental Studies vol.142.) xiii, 694 pp. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2022. ISBN 978 90 04 44132 3.
{"title":"Gottfried Hagen and Robert Dankoff (eds); Ferenc Csirkés, John Curry, Gary Leiser (translators): <i>An Ottoman Cosmography. Translation of Cihānnümā</i> By Katib Çelebi. (Handbook of Oriental Studies vol.142.) xiii, 694 pp. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2022. ISBN 978 90 04 44132 3.","authors":"Caroline Finkel","doi":"10.1017/s0041977x23000587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x23000587","url":null,"abstract":"Gottfried Hagen and Robert Dankoff (eds); Ferenc Csirkés, John Curry, Gary Leiser (translators): An Ottoman Cosmography. Translation of Cihānnümā By Katib Çelebi. (Handbook of Oriental Studies vol.142.) xiii, 694 pp. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2022. ISBN 978 90 04 44132 3.","PeriodicalId":9459,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135142593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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