Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-23-0327.1
Christian M. Appendini
"Developing Rapid Response Protocols for Rapidly Intensifying Tropical Cyclones" published on 15 Jan 2024 by American Meteorological Society.
美国气象学会于 2024 年 1 月 15 日发表了 "为迅速增强的热带气旋制定快速反应规程"。
{"title":"Developing Rapid Response Protocols for Rapidly Intensifying Tropical Cyclones","authors":"Christian M. Appendini","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0327.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0327.1","url":null,"abstract":"\"Developing Rapid Response Protocols for Rapidly Intensifying Tropical Cyclones\" published on 15 Jan 2024 by American Meteorological Society.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139469281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-23-0316.1
Kyle B. Delwiche, J. Nelson, N. Kowalska, C. E. Moore, G. Shirkey, T. Tarin, J. R. Cleverly, T.F. Keenan
"Charting the future of the FLUXNET network" published on 11 Jan 2024 by American Meteorological Society.
美国气象学会于 2024 年 1 月 11 日发表的 "描绘 FLUXNET 网络的未来"。
{"title":"Charting the future of the FLUXNET network","authors":"Kyle B. Delwiche, J. Nelson, N. Kowalska, C. E. Moore, G. Shirkey, T. Tarin, J. R. Cleverly, T.F. Keenan","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0316.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0316.1","url":null,"abstract":"\"Charting the future of the FLUXNET network\" published on 11 Jan 2024 by American Meteorological Society.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139421893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-23-0310.1
Megan Porter, Rodolfo Hernández, Blake Checkoway, Erik R. Nielsen, Castle Williamsberg, Gina Eosco, Katy Christian, Ashley Morris, Erica Grow Cei, Keely Patelski, Jen Henderson
{"title":"Expanding the Concept of Knowledge Transition through Social Science Research","authors":"Megan Porter, Rodolfo Hernández, Blake Checkoway, Erik R. Nielsen, Castle Williamsberg, Gina Eosco, Katy Christian, Ashley Morris, Erica Grow Cei, Keely Patelski, Jen Henderson","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0310.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0310.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"47 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139440877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-22-0283.1
Xubin Zeng, Hui Su, Svetla Hristova-Veleva, Derek J. Posselt, Robert Atlas, Shannon T. Brown, Ross D. Dixon, Eric Fetzer, Thomas J. Galarneau, Michael Hardesty, Jonathan H. Jiang, Pekka P. Kangaslahti, Amir Ouyed, Thomas S. Pagano, Oliver Reitebuch, Remy Roca, Ad Stoffelen, Sara Tucker, Anna Wilson, Longtao Wu, Igor Yanovsky
Abstract It is challenging to accurately characterize the three-dimensional distribution of horizontal wind vectors (known as 3D winds). Feature-matching satellite cloud top or water vapor fields have been used for decades to retrieve atmospheric motion vectors, but this approach is mostly limited to a single and uncertain pressure level at a given time. Satellite wind lidar measurements are expected to provide more accurate data and capture the line-of-sight wind for clear skies, within cirrus clouds, and above thick clouds, but only along a curtain parallel to the satellite track. Here we propose Vientos – a new satellite mission concept that combines 2 or more passive water vapor sounders with Doppler wind lidar to measure 3D winds. The need for 3D wind observations is highlighted by inconsistencies in reanalysis estimates, particularly under precipitating conditions. Recent studies have shown that 3D winds can be retrieved using water vapor observations from two polar-orbiting satellites separated by 50 minutes, with the help of advanced optical flow algorithms. These winds can be improved through the incorporation of a small number of co-located higher-accuracy measurements via machine learning. The Vientos concept would enable simultaneous measurements of 3D winds, temperature, and humidity, and is expected to have a significant impact on scientific research, weather prediction, and other applications. For example, it can help better understand and predict the preconditions for organized convection. This article summarizes recent results, presents the Vientos mission architecture, and discusses implementation scenarios for a 3D wind mission under current budget constraints.
{"title":"Vientos - A new satellite mission concept for 3D wind measurements by combining passive water vapor sounders with Doppler wind lidar","authors":"Xubin Zeng, Hui Su, Svetla Hristova-Veleva, Derek J. Posselt, Robert Atlas, Shannon T. Brown, Ross D. Dixon, Eric Fetzer, Thomas J. Galarneau, Michael Hardesty, Jonathan H. Jiang, Pekka P. Kangaslahti, Amir Ouyed, Thomas S. Pagano, Oliver Reitebuch, Remy Roca, Ad Stoffelen, Sara Tucker, Anna Wilson, Longtao Wu, Igor Yanovsky","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-22-0283.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-22-0283.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It is challenging to accurately characterize the three-dimensional distribution of horizontal wind vectors (known as 3D winds). Feature-matching satellite cloud top or water vapor fields have been used for decades to retrieve atmospheric motion vectors, but this approach is mostly limited to a single and uncertain pressure level at a given time. Satellite wind lidar measurements are expected to provide more accurate data and capture the line-of-sight wind for clear skies, within cirrus clouds, and above thick clouds, but only along a curtain parallel to the satellite track. Here we propose Vientos – a new satellite mission concept that combines 2 or more passive water vapor sounders with Doppler wind lidar to measure 3D winds. The need for 3D wind observations is highlighted by inconsistencies in reanalysis estimates, particularly under precipitating conditions. Recent studies have shown that 3D winds can be retrieved using water vapor observations from two polar-orbiting satellites separated by 50 minutes, with the help of advanced optical flow algorithms. These winds can be improved through the incorporation of a small number of co-located higher-accuracy measurements via machine learning. The Vientos concept would enable simultaneous measurements of 3D winds, temperature, and humidity, and is expected to have a significant impact on scientific research, weather prediction, and other applications. For example, it can help better understand and predict the preconditions for organized convection. This article summarizes recent results, presents the Vientos mission architecture, and discusses implementation scenarios for a 3D wind mission under current budget constraints.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"298 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139421890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-23-0104.1
Yi Wu, Chiyuan Miao, Louise Slater, Xuewei Fan, Yuanfang Chai, Soroosh Sorooshian
Abstract Projections of future hydrological conditions rely largely on global climate models, but model performance varies greatly. In this study, we investigated projected changes in runoff (R), precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (ET), and soil moisture (SM) based on the fifth and sixth phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 and CMIP6) and quantified the uncertainties of their projected changes on annual and seasonal scales. The results indicate that all four hydrological variables show an increase over most of the global land: annual projections of R, P, ET, and SM from CMIP6 increase in 72%, 81%, 82%, and 66% of the global land area, respectively, under a high emissions scenario during the period 2080–99 relative to 1970–99. We estimated the uncertainties in CMIP6 from different sources on an annual scale and found that model uncertainty dominates the total projected uncertainties during the twenty-first century [76% (R), 73% (P), 89% (ET), and 95% (SM) in the 2090s], and the contribution of internal variability decreases with time. The low-latitude regions have the greatest uncertainty in hydrological projections. In CMIP6, the uncertainty of projected changes in P contributes the most to the uncertainty of projected changes in R, with a contribution of 93% on annual scale, followed by ET and SM. Overall, the performances of the CMIP5 and CMIP6 models are similar in terms of hydrological changes and the composition of their uncertainties. This study provides a theoretical reference for the further improvement and development of hydrological components in global climate models.
摘要 对未来水文条件的预测主要依赖于全球气候模式，但模式的性能差异很大。在本研究中，我们根据耦合模式相互比较项目（CMIP5 和 CMIP6）的第五和第六阶段，研究了径流（R）、降水（P）、蒸散（ET）和土壤湿度（SM）的预测变化，并量化了它们在年度和季节尺度上的预测变化的不确定性。结果表明，在全球大部分陆地上，所有四个水文变量都出现了增长：与 1970-99 年相比，在 2080-99 年期间的高排放情景下，CMIP6 预测的 R、P、ET 和 SM 的年增长率在全球陆地上分别为 72%、81%、82% 和 66%。我们按年估算了 CMIP6 中不同来源的不确定性，发现模型的不确定性在 21 世纪的总预测不确定性中占主导地位[2090 年代为 76%（R）、73%（P）、89%（ET）和 95%（SM）]，而内部变率的贡献则随着时间的推移而减小。低纬度地区水文预测的不确定性最大。在 CMIP6 中，预测的 P 变化的不确定性对预测的 R 变化的不确定性影响最大，在年尺度上占 93%，其次是 ET 和 SM。总体而言，CMIP5 和 CMIP6 模型在水文变化及其不确定性构成方面表现相似。这项研究为进一步改进和发展全球气候模式中的水文成分提供了理论参考。
{"title":"Hydrological Projections under CMIP5 and CMIP6: Sources and Magnitudes of Uncertainty","authors":"Yi Wu, Chiyuan Miao, Louise Slater, Xuewei Fan, Yuanfang Chai, Soroosh Sorooshian","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0104.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0104.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Projections of future hydrological conditions rely largely on global climate models, but model performance varies greatly. In this study, we investigated projected changes in runoff (R), precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (ET), and soil moisture (SM) based on the fifth and sixth phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 and CMIP6) and quantified the uncertainties of their projected changes on annual and seasonal scales. The results indicate that all four hydrological variables show an increase over most of the global land: annual projections of R, P, ET, and SM from CMIP6 increase in 72%, 81%, 82%, and 66% of the global land area, respectively, under a high emissions scenario during the period 2080–99 relative to 1970–99. We estimated the uncertainties in CMIP6 from different sources on an annual scale and found that model uncertainty dominates the total projected uncertainties during the twenty-first century [76% (R), 73% (P), 89% (ET), and 95% (SM) in the 2090s], and the contribution of internal variability decreases with time. The low-latitude regions have the greatest uncertainty in hydrological projections. In CMIP6, the uncertainty of projected changes in P contributes the most to the uncertainty of projected changes in R, with a contribution of 93% on annual scale, followed by ET and SM. Overall, the performances of the CMIP5 and CMIP6 models are similar in terms of hydrological changes and the composition of their uncertainties. This study provides a theoretical reference for the further improvement and development of hydrological components in global climate models.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139397221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fostering science-industry connections in Australia’s severe-storm science community","authors":"Timothy H. Raupach, Joshua S. Soderholm, Joanna Aldridge","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0325.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0325.1","url":null,"abstract":"\"Fostering science-industry connections in Australia’s severe-storm science community\" published on 05 Jan 2024 by American Meteorological Society.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139376647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-23-0184.1
D.D. Turner, L. Ott, P.F. Steblein, M. Stieglitz, O. Tweedy, J. Furman, C.S. James
Abstract The size, duration, impact, and cost of wildland fire is increasing over the last several decades. A recent ICAMS-sponsored workshop focused on the scientific questions and challenges associated with subseasonal-to-seasonal wildfire outlooks. Opinions from this workshop, including recommended cross-agency motivation and activities, are provided.
{"title":"Improving the Science for Wildland Fire Prediction at S2S Scales","authors":"D.D. Turner, L. Ott, P.F. Steblein, M. Stieglitz, O. Tweedy, J. Furman, C.S. James","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0184.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0184.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The size, duration, impact, and cost of wildland fire is increasing over the last several decades. A recent ICAMS-sponsored workshop focused on the scientific questions and challenges associated with subseasonal-to-seasonal wildfire outlooks. Opinions from this workshop, including recommended cross-agency motivation and activities, are provided.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139376466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-23-0216.1
Dario Papale, Jouni Heiskanen, Christian Brümmer, Nina Buchmann, Carlo Calfapietra, Arnaud Carrara, Huilin Chen, Bert Gielen, Thanos Gkritzalis, Samuel Hammer, Susan Hartman, Mathias Herbst, Ivan A. Janssens, Armin Jordan, Eija Juurola, Ute Karstens, Ville Kasurinen, Bart Kruijt, Harry Lankreijer, Ingeborg Levin, Maj-Lena Linderson, Denis Loustau, Lutz Merbold, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Marian Pavelka, Kim Pilegaard, Michel Ramonet, Corinna Rebmann, Janne Rinne, Léonard Rivier, Elena Saltikoff, Richard Sanders, Martin Steinbacher, Tobias Steinhoff, Andrew Watson, Alex T. Vermeulen, Timo Vesala, Gabriela Vítková, Werner Kutsch
"Standards and Open Access are the ICOS Pillars: Reply to “Comments on ‘The Integrated Carbon Observation System in Europe’”" published on 02 Jan 2024 by American Meteorological Society.
{"title":"Standards and Open Access are the ICOS Pillars: Reply to “Comments on ‘The Integrated Carbon Observation System in Europe’”","authors":"Dario Papale, Jouni Heiskanen, Christian Brümmer, Nina Buchmann, Carlo Calfapietra, Arnaud Carrara, Huilin Chen, Bert Gielen, Thanos Gkritzalis, Samuel Hammer, Susan Hartman, Mathias Herbst, Ivan A. Janssens, Armin Jordan, Eija Juurola, Ute Karstens, Ville Kasurinen, Bart Kruijt, Harry Lankreijer, Ingeborg Levin, Maj-Lena Linderson, Denis Loustau, Lutz Merbold, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Marian Pavelka, Kim Pilegaard, Michel Ramonet, Corinna Rebmann, Janne Rinne, Léonard Rivier, Elena Saltikoff, Richard Sanders, Martin Steinbacher, Tobias Steinhoff, Andrew Watson, Alex T. Vermeulen, Timo Vesala, Gabriela Vítková, Werner Kutsch","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0216.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0216.1","url":null,"abstract":"\"Standards and Open Access are the ICOS Pillars: Reply to “Comments on ‘The Integrated Carbon Observation System in Europe’”\" published on 02 Jan 2024 by American Meteorological Society.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139079655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Flux You Say?: Comments on “The Integrated Carbon Observation System in Europe”","authors":"Andrew S. Kowalski","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-22-0274.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-22-0274.1","url":null,"abstract":"\"The Flux You Say?: Comments on “The Integrated Carbon Observation System in Europe”\" published on 02 Jan 2024 by American Meteorological Society.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139079812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-23-0124.1
David A. Randall, Kerry Emanuel
Abstract The atmospheric science community includes both weather and climate scientists. These two groups interact much less than they should, particularly in the United States. The schism is widespread, and has persisted for fifty years or more. It is found in academic departments, laboratories, professional societies, and even funding agencies. Mending the schism would promote better, faster science. We sketch the history of the schism, and suggest ways to make our community whole.
{"title":"The Weather-Climate Schism","authors":"David A. Randall, Kerry Emanuel","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0124.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0124.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The atmospheric science community includes both weather and climate scientists. These two groups interact much less than they should, particularly in the United States. The schism is widespread, and has persisted for fifty years or more. It is found in academic departments, laboratories, professional societies, and even funding agencies. Mending the schism would promote better, faster science. We sketch the history of the schism, and suggest ways to make our community whole.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139055511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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