Pub Date : 2023-02-21DOI: 10.1080/07060661.2023.2183264
Miao Liu
Epichloe elymi Schardl & Leuchtm., Mycologia 91(1): 101. 1999. [MB#627454; MB#450254 Orthographic variant] LECTOTYPE: CUP 64919A (designated here, MBT 10009590): Stromata resulted from experimental mating on Elymus virginicus L. Plant 757 (KY: Fayette County, 6 July 1996, leg. A. Leuchtmann) × culture ATCC 200850 (from E. virginicus plant 184, MO: Adair County, 7 May 1991, leg. T. Bultman). The mating experiment was conducted by C. L. Schardl in USA, Kentucky, Fayette County, 1997.
{"title":"Fungi Canadenses No. 351:EPICHLOE ELYMI","authors":"Miao Liu","doi":"10.1080/07060661.2023.2183264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2023.2183264","url":null,"abstract":"Epichloe elymi Schardl & Leuchtm., Mycologia 91(1): 101. 1999. [MB#627454; MB#450254 Orthographic variant] LECTOTYPE: CUP 64919A (designated here, MBT 10009590): Stromata resulted from experimental mating on Elymus virginicus L. Plant 757 (KY: Fayette County, 6 July 1996, leg. A. Leuchtmann) × culture ATCC 200850 (from E. virginicus plant 184, MO: Adair County, 7 May 1991, leg. T. Bultman). The mating experiment was conducted by C. L. Schardl in USA, Kentucky, Fayette County, 1997.","PeriodicalId":9468,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47252458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-13DOI: 10.1080/07060661.2023.2177352
Tiffany Chin, K. Pleskach, S. Tittlemier, M. Henríquez, Janice M. Bamforth, Niradha Withana Gamage, Tehreem Ashfaq, Sung-Jong Lee, Mayantha Shimosh Kurera, Bhaktiben Patel, S. Walkowiak
Abstract Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat in Canada and disease surveillance is a critical component of integrated disease management, disease forecasting, prioritizing research and breeding efforts, grain handling, and cleaning post harvest. We report on the recent trends of FHB in Canadian wheat including incidence and severity from 1995 to 2021 based on data from 208,247 samples. Our results show a steady increase in FHB incidence from 1995, with an epidemic year in 2016, followed by several years of low incidence. Results also indicated that FHB severity has been stable over time, but not always correlated with incidence. Data from the analysis of 26,538 samples from 2018 to 2021 demonstrate a strong positive correlation between the number of Fusarium damaged kernels (severity) and concentrations of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. Together, our results provide the most robust survey of FHB in Canada to date, which complement national and international disease monitoring and management efforts.
摘要赤霉病(Fusarium head blight, FHB)是加拿大小麦的一种毁灭性病害，病害监测是病害综合管理、病害预测、优先研究和育种工作、粮食处理和收获后清洁的关键组成部分。我们报告了加拿大小麦中FHB的最新趋势，包括1995年至2021年208,247份样本的数据，包括发病率和严重程度。我们的研究结果显示，自1995年以来，FHB发病率稳步上升，2016年为流行年，随后几年为低发病率年。结果还表明，随着时间的推移，FHB的严重程度一直稳定，但并不总是与发病率相关。2018年至2021年对26538份样本的分析数据表明，镰刀菌受损籽粒数量(严重程度)与真菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇浓度之间存在很强的正相关关系。总之，我们的研究结果提供了迄今为止加拿大最可靠的食品血红蛋白调查，补充了国家和国际疾病监测和管理工作。
{"title":"A status update on fusarium head blight on Western Canadian wheat","authors":"Tiffany Chin, K. Pleskach, S. Tittlemier, M. Henríquez, Janice M. Bamforth, Niradha Withana Gamage, Tehreem Ashfaq, Sung-Jong Lee, Mayantha Shimosh Kurera, Bhaktiben Patel, S. Walkowiak","doi":"10.1080/07060661.2023.2177352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2023.2177352","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat in Canada and disease surveillance is a critical component of integrated disease management, disease forecasting, prioritizing research and breeding efforts, grain handling, and cleaning post harvest. We report on the recent trends of FHB in Canadian wheat including incidence and severity from 1995 to 2021 based on data from 208,247 samples. Our results show a steady increase in FHB incidence from 1995, with an epidemic year in 2016, followed by several years of low incidence. Results also indicated that FHB severity has been stable over time, but not always correlated with incidence. Data from the analysis of 26,538 samples from 2018 to 2021 demonstrate a strong positive correlation between the number of Fusarium damaged kernels (severity) and concentrations of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. Together, our results provide the most robust survey of FHB in Canada to date, which complement national and international disease monitoring and management efforts.","PeriodicalId":9468,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47197897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-08DOI: 10.1080/07060661.2023.2177888
Gabriela T. Araujo, D. Gaudet, Eric Amundsen, M. Frick, R. Aboukhaddour, B. Selinger, A. Laroche
Abstract Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst)) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt)) are important diseases of wheat in Canada and worldwide. Molecular detection methods permit spore detection of few spores; therefore, there is a need to determine initial inoculum thresholds for pathogens to cause disease under both controlled environments and in the field. Susceptible wheat cultivars ‘Avocet’ and ‘AC Barrie’ were inoculated with different quantities of spores (0, 103, 104, 105, 106, and 107) of Pst and Bgt. Disease incidence, severity and infection type were evaluated. Results of controlled environment studies showed that the minimum number of spores necessary to cause appreciable incidence and severity for Pst was at higher spore concentrations of 105–106 spores. Conversely, low incidence and severity levels were observed at 103–104 spores for Bgt. Despite occurrence of natural Pst infection, results of field studies in 2016 and 2017 in Southern Alberta demonstrated that significant increases in severity levels were observed following application of 1.2 × 107 spores. Collectively, these results demonstrated that stripe rust severities increased with increasing spore concentration only at high spore levels. In contrast, Bgt severity increased with spore concentration from 103 to 107 spores mL−1. In vitro and in vivo spore germination tests demonstrated germination rates of Pst spores were reduced at lower spore concentrations compared to germination rates at the higher concentrations. Understanding of minimum spore numbers required for disease development will be a prerequisite for predicting epidemics and devising fungicide control measures for future sustainable agricultural systems.
{"title":"Inoculum threshold for stripe rust infection in wheat","authors":"Gabriela T. Araujo, D. Gaudet, Eric Amundsen, M. Frick, R. Aboukhaddour, B. Selinger, A. Laroche","doi":"10.1080/07060661.2023.2177888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2023.2177888","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst)) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt)) are important diseases of wheat in Canada and worldwide. Molecular detection methods permit spore detection of few spores; therefore, there is a need to determine initial inoculum thresholds for pathogens to cause disease under both controlled environments and in the field. Susceptible wheat cultivars ‘Avocet’ and ‘AC Barrie’ were inoculated with different quantities of spores (0, 103, 104, 105, 106, and 107) of Pst and Bgt. Disease incidence, severity and infection type were evaluated. Results of controlled environment studies showed that the minimum number of spores necessary to cause appreciable incidence and severity for Pst was at higher spore concentrations of 105–106 spores. Conversely, low incidence and severity levels were observed at 103–104 spores for Bgt. Despite occurrence of natural Pst infection, results of field studies in 2016 and 2017 in Southern Alberta demonstrated that significant increases in severity levels were observed following application of 1.2 × 107 spores. Collectively, these results demonstrated that stripe rust severities increased with increasing spore concentration only at high spore levels. In contrast, Bgt severity increased with spore concentration from 103 to 107 spores mL−1. In vitro and in vivo spore germination tests demonstrated germination rates of Pst spores were reduced at lower spore concentrations compared to germination rates at the higher concentrations. Understanding of minimum spore numbers required for disease development will be a prerequisite for predicting epidemics and devising fungicide control measures for future sustainable agricultural systems.","PeriodicalId":9468,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47056766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.1080/07060661.2023.2177749
A. Abaya, A. Xue, T. Hsiang
Abstract The endophytic fungi Simplicillium lamellicola and Clonostachys rosea were assayed for their ability to induce resistance in wheat against disease caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe in growth room and outdoor tests. Agar inoculum of the endophytes was applied 4 days before agar inoculum of F. graminearum was applied to adjacent leaves. Simplicillium lamellicola or C. rosea treatments applied on one leaf significantly reduced the disease on another leaf by between 68 and 70% in growth room tests at 11 days post pathogen inoculation and by between 43 and 49% in outdoor tests at 9 days after inoculation compared to pathogen-inoculated controls with no biocontrols. Simplicillium lamellicola is a promising biocontrol agent since it systemically induced disease resistance in wheat against Fusarium graminearum. Future work is needed to investigate the mode of action of the defence responses and the proper formulation and application of this biocontrol agent.
{"title":"Systemically induced resistance against disease of wheat caused by Fusarium graminearum","authors":"A. Abaya, A. Xue, T. Hsiang","doi":"10.1080/07060661.2023.2177749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2023.2177749","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The endophytic fungi Simplicillium lamellicola and Clonostachys rosea were assayed for their ability to induce resistance in wheat against disease caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe in growth room and outdoor tests. Agar inoculum of the endophytes was applied 4 days before agar inoculum of F. graminearum was applied to adjacent leaves. Simplicillium lamellicola or C. rosea treatments applied on one leaf significantly reduced the disease on another leaf by between 68 and 70% in growth room tests at 11 days post pathogen inoculation and by between 43 and 49% in outdoor tests at 9 days after inoculation compared to pathogen-inoculated controls with no biocontrols. Simplicillium lamellicola is a promising biocontrol agent since it systemically induced disease resistance in wheat against Fusarium graminearum. Future work is needed to investigate the mode of action of the defence responses and the proper formulation and application of this biocontrol agent.","PeriodicalId":9468,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46045562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-05DOI: 10.1080/07060661.2023.2175913
L. Rinaldi, M. T. Silva, A. Miamoto, A. Calandrelli, C. R. Dias-Arieira
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Ascophyllum nodosum extract, in combination or not with biocontrol agents, in the management of Meloidogyne javanica in soybean, assess treatment effects on soil biological activity, and determine the total phenolic content of the extract. The experiment was conducted according to a 5 × 2 factorial design, with three biocontrol agents (Bacillus methylotrophicus, Pochonia chlamydosporia, and Trichoderma harzianum), a chemical nematicide (abamectin, positive control), and an untreated (negative) control, each in the presence and absence of A. nodosum extract. Treatments included six replications. Nematode inoculation (2000 eggs + juveniles of M. javanica per plant) was performed at the time of sowing. Sixty days later, plants were evaluated for height, shoot weights, numbers of M. javanica eggs and J2 extracted from roots, and soil biological activity. Biological and chemical nematicide treatments were effective in reducing M. javanica multiplication. There was a synergic effect of A. nodosum extract on M. javanica multiplication for the treatments with A. nodosum + T. harzianum, A. nodosum + abamectin (Trial 1) and A. nodosum + P. chlamydosporia (Trial 2). B. methylotrophicus and T. harzianum treatments enhanced plant development and soil microbial biomass carbon. Higher values of soil basal respiration and metabolic quotient (qCO2) were observed in the A. nodosum + abamectin treatment. A. nodosum extracts at 75 g L−1 had a total phenolic content of 13 255 and 11 608 mg GAE 100−1 g in Trials 1 and 2, respectively.
摘要本研究旨在研究结瘤叶提取物与生防剂联合或不联合对大豆中爪哇根结线虫的治理效果，评估处理对土壤生物活性的影响，并测定提取物的总酚含量。实验根据5×2析因设计进行，使用三种生物防治剂（甲基营养芽孢杆菌、厚垣孢子虫和哈茨木霉）、一种化学杀线虫剂（阿维菌素，阳性对照）和一种未经处理的（阴性）对照，每种制剂都存在和不存在结节曲霉提取物。治疗包括6次重复。在播种时进行线虫接种（每株2000个卵+鸦胆子幼虫）。60天后，对植物的高度、地上部重量、从根中提取的鸦胆子卵和J2的数量以及土壤生物活性进行评估。生物和化学杀线虫剂处理对减少爪哇M.javanica的繁殖是有效的。在用a.nodosum+T.harzianum、a.nodocum+abamectin（试验1）和a.nodorum+P.chlamydosporia（试验2）处理的情况下，a.nodonum提取物对爪哇M.javanica的增殖具有协同作用。B.methytrophicus和T.harzianum处理提高了植物发育和土壤微生物生物量碳。结瘤曲霉+阿维菌素处理的土壤基础呼吸和代谢商（qCO2）值较高。A.nodosum提取物在75 g L−1下的总酚含量为13 255和11 试验1和试验2中分别为608 mg GAE 100−1 g。
{"title":"Combined effects of Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract and biological control agents on Meloidogyne javanica in soybean","authors":"L. Rinaldi, M. T. Silva, A. Miamoto, A. Calandrelli, C. R. Dias-Arieira","doi":"10.1080/07060661.2023.2175913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2023.2175913","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Ascophyllum nodosum extract, in combination or not with biocontrol agents, in the management of Meloidogyne javanica in soybean, assess treatment effects on soil biological activity, and determine the total phenolic content of the extract. The experiment was conducted according to a 5 × 2 factorial design, with three biocontrol agents (Bacillus methylotrophicus, Pochonia chlamydosporia, and Trichoderma harzianum), a chemical nematicide (abamectin, positive control), and an untreated (negative) control, each in the presence and absence of A. nodosum extract. Treatments included six replications. Nematode inoculation (2000 eggs + juveniles of M. javanica per plant) was performed at the time of sowing. Sixty days later, plants were evaluated for height, shoot weights, numbers of M. javanica eggs and J2 extracted from roots, and soil biological activity. Biological and chemical nematicide treatments were effective in reducing M. javanica multiplication. There was a synergic effect of A. nodosum extract on M. javanica multiplication for the treatments with A. nodosum + T. harzianum, A. nodosum + abamectin (Trial 1) and A. nodosum + P. chlamydosporia (Trial 2). B. methylotrophicus and T. harzianum treatments enhanced plant development and soil microbial biomass carbon. Higher values of soil basal respiration and metabolic quotient (qCO2) were observed in the A. nodosum + abamectin treatment. A. nodosum extracts at 75 g L−1 had a total phenolic content of 13 255 and 11 608 mg GAE 100−1 g in Trials 1 and 2, respectively.","PeriodicalId":9468,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49613210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1080/07060661.2023.2172082
C. Scott, Z. Punja
Abstract Damping-off, crown rot, and root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium spp. are important diseases that reduce the growth of cannabis plants and cause mortality. There are currently limited management options available to producers in the absence of registered chemical fungicides. The comparative efficacy of five biological-control agents in reducing disease severity was evaluated in this study. Rhapsody® ASO (Bacillus subtilis), Stargus® (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), Lalstop® (Gliocladium catenulatum, Prestop®), RootShield® Plus WP (Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma virens), and Asperello® (Trichoderma asperellum) were applied to cannabis cuttings in rockwool blocks followed 48 hr later by inoculation with a F. oxysporum spore and mycelial suspension. Disease was rated 7, 14 and 21 days post-inoculation. The most effective treatments were Lalstop, Rootshield, Asperello and Stargus, which provided a significant (P < 0.05) reduction (30 to 56.3%) in mean disease severity 14 days post-inoculation compared to the Fusarium inoculated control. Application of Rootshield, Asperello and Lalstop resulted in endophytic colonization of cannabis cuttings when assessed after 2 and 7 days. For Pythium biocontrol, Rootshield Plus WP, Asperello, and Lalstop were applied as a drench to rooted plants 7 days before inoculation with P. myriotylum. Based on disease severity ratings and plant measurements in two experiments, the most effective treatments were Rootshield and Lalstop. Plants receiving Lalstop or Rootshield had significantly (P < 0.05) higher fresh root weights compared to the pathogen only treatment. These results indicate that several biological control agents can protect cannabis plants from infection by Fusarium and Pythium spp. through pre-emptive colonization.
{"title":"Biological control of Fusarium oxysporum causing damping-off and Pythium myriotylum causing root and crown rot on cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) plants","authors":"C. Scott, Z. Punja","doi":"10.1080/07060661.2023.2172082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2023.2172082","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Damping-off, crown rot, and root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium spp. are important diseases that reduce the growth of cannabis plants and cause mortality. There are currently limited management options available to producers in the absence of registered chemical fungicides. The comparative efficacy of five biological-control agents in reducing disease severity was evaluated in this study. Rhapsody® ASO (Bacillus subtilis), Stargus® (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), Lalstop® (Gliocladium catenulatum, Prestop®), RootShield® Plus WP (Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma virens), and Asperello® (Trichoderma asperellum) were applied to cannabis cuttings in rockwool blocks followed 48 hr later by inoculation with a F. oxysporum spore and mycelial suspension. Disease was rated 7, 14 and 21 days post-inoculation. The most effective treatments were Lalstop, Rootshield, Asperello and Stargus, which provided a significant (P < 0.05) reduction (30 to 56.3%) in mean disease severity 14 days post-inoculation compared to the Fusarium inoculated control. Application of Rootshield, Asperello and Lalstop resulted in endophytic colonization of cannabis cuttings when assessed after 2 and 7 days. For Pythium biocontrol, Rootshield Plus WP, Asperello, and Lalstop were applied as a drench to rooted plants 7 days before inoculation with P. myriotylum. Based on disease severity ratings and plant measurements in two experiments, the most effective treatments were Rootshield and Lalstop. Plants receiving Lalstop or Rootshield had significantly (P < 0.05) higher fresh root weights compared to the pathogen only treatment. These results indicate that several biological control agents can protect cannabis plants from infection by Fusarium and Pythium spp. through pre-emptive colonization.","PeriodicalId":9468,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48691349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-06DOI: 10.1080/07060661.2023.2166126
A. Cat, M. Tekin, K. Akan, T. Akar, M. Catal
Abstract Stripe (yellow) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is the most devastating disease of wheat in Turkey. Virulence characterization of the Pst population is critical to prevent large-scale epidemics, by developing wheat cultivars with durable resistance against the disease. In this study, 38 Pst races, including 25 races that were not previously reported, were identified from 140 isolates obtained from most regions of Turkey from 2018 to 2020 using a differential set containing 18 single Yr gene wheat lines (NILs) of ‘Avocet’. Virulence to Yr15 was not observed among any of the isolates. Virulence to the remaining 17-Yr genes was detected at various frequencies. The frequencies of virulence to Yr6, Yr9, Yr7, Yr8, Yr43, YrExp2, Yr44, YrTr1, and Yr27 were high (57.1 to 100.0%), to Yr1, Yr17, Yr32, and YrTye were moderate (24.3 to 42.9%), and to YrSP, Yr24, and Yr10 were low (9.3 to 17.1%). Only one race was virulent to Yr5 (0.7%). Many of the races identified were common among regions, indicating that Pst races migrate throughout Turkey. However, the Black Sea (BS) and the Mediterranean (ME) regions were differentiated from other regions by unique races absent in other regions, and the Yr5-virulent race, respectively. To sum up, the virulences of the races identified and their distributions among regions provided an understanding of pathogen migration and may contribute to the development of resistant wheat cultivars against stripe rust.
{"title":"Virulence characterization of the wheat stripe rust pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, in Turkey from 2018 to 2020","authors":"A. Cat, M. Tekin, K. Akan, T. Akar, M. Catal","doi":"10.1080/07060661.2023.2166126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2023.2166126","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Stripe (yellow) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is the most devastating disease of wheat in Turkey. Virulence characterization of the Pst population is critical to prevent large-scale epidemics, by developing wheat cultivars with durable resistance against the disease. In this study, 38 Pst races, including 25 races that were not previously reported, were identified from 140 isolates obtained from most regions of Turkey from 2018 to 2020 using a differential set containing 18 single Yr gene wheat lines (NILs) of ‘Avocet’. Virulence to Yr15 was not observed among any of the isolates. Virulence to the remaining 17-Yr genes was detected at various frequencies. The frequencies of virulence to Yr6, Yr9, Yr7, Yr8, Yr43, YrExp2, Yr44, YrTr1, and Yr27 were high (57.1 to 100.0%), to Yr1, Yr17, Yr32, and YrTye were moderate (24.3 to 42.9%), and to YrSP, Yr24, and Yr10 were low (9.3 to 17.1%). Only one race was virulent to Yr5 (0.7%). Many of the races identified were common among regions, indicating that Pst races migrate throughout Turkey. However, the Black Sea (BS) and the Mediterranean (ME) regions were differentiated from other regions by unique races absent in other regions, and the Yr5-virulent race, respectively. To sum up, the virulences of the races identified and their distributions among regions provided an understanding of pathogen migration and may contribute to the development of resistant wheat cultivars against stripe rust.","PeriodicalId":9468,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47626215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-04DOI: 10.1080/07060661.2022.2162607
Jiaqi J. Zheng, L. Yao, Chaoran Liu, Changfeng Wu, Yuzhu Han
Abstract Hedychium coronarium Koen is a perennial flowering plant that has ornamental, nutritional and medicinal value. In October 2019, root rot symptoms were observed in fields of H. coronarium in Yunnan Province, China. Fungal isolates were obtained from the diseased samples and the pathogenicity was confirmed by fulfilling Koch’s postulates using wounded and unwounded plant inoculations. The pathogen was identified as Ceratobasidium sp. (binucleate Rhizoctonia) through morphological characterization and anastomosis grouping as well as sequence analysis of both rDNA-ITS and EF-1α. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Ceratobasidium sp. AG-I (binucleate Rhizoctonia) causing root rot on H. coronarium.
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Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/07060661.2022.2102282
J. R. Tucker, X. Wang, XU W., A. D. Beattie, T. K. Turkington
antibodies against fungal spores by using different concentrations of both antigens and antibodies. Alterations in the concentrations can be adapted to measure either spores or the antibody. The experiment was repeated twice with three replicates in each. The linear range of detection was between 1300 and 115,000 spores for FHB while being smaller for TS spores. Cross-reactivity of the TS antibodies will be verified against FHB spores and vice-versa FHB antibodies will be challenged with TS spores. These results suggest that these new antibodies will be very useful for antigenic detection of TS and FHB
{"title":"Alberta regional meeting, 2021/Réunion régionale de l’Alberta, 2021","authors":"J. R. Tucker, X. Wang, XU W., A. D. Beattie, T. K. Turkington","doi":"10.1080/07060661.2022.2102282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2022.2102282","url":null,"abstract":"antibodies against fungal spores by using different concentrations of both antigens and antibodies. Alterations in the concentrations can be adapted to measure either spores or the antibody. The experiment was repeated twice with three replicates in each. The linear range of detection was between 1300 and 115,000 spores for FHB while being smaller for TS spores. Cross-reactivity of the TS antibodies will be verified against FHB spores and vice-versa FHB antibodies will be challenged with TS spores. These results suggest that these new antibodies will be very useful for antigenic detection of TS and FHB","PeriodicalId":9468,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47732582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/07060661.2022.2102280
L. Tauleigne, F. Lonjon, H. Desaint, L. Boyrie, M. Bonhomme, L. Deslandes, F. Vailleau, F. Roux, R. Berthomé
s / Résumés British Columbia regional meeting, 2021/Réunion régionale de la Colombie-Britannique, 2021 Dissecting the mechanisms underlying the complex plant–Ralstonia--environment interactions. N. AOUN, L. TAULEIGNE, F. LONJON, H. DESAINT, L. BOYRIE, M. BONHOMME, L. DESLANDES, F. VAILLEAU, F. ROUX, R. BERTHOME AND T. LOWEPOWER. (N. A., T.L.) Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616851, USA; (N.A., L.T., F.L., L.D., F.V., F.R., R.B.) Laboratory of Plant-Microorganisms-Environment Interactions, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, French National Centre for Scientific Research, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan France; (H.D.) SYNGENTA seeds, 84260 Sarrians France; and (L.B., M. B.) Plant Science Research Laboratory, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Paul Sabatier University, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France The central concept of ‘disease triangle’ in plant pathology highlights the importance of environment– host–pathogen interaction for disease severity. Warmer temperatures have been shown to inhibit most of the known resistance mechanisms in plants. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this talk, I will unify my PhD research and planned postdoctoral research around the Ralstonia wilt disease triangle. Ralstonia are a major threat to food security around the world. During my PhD (LIPME/ INRAE-France), we dissected mechanisms underlying the interaction of temperature and plant natural variation in Ralstonia disease outcome. By exploiting the natural genetic variation in Arabidopsis thaliana, we identified and characterized the genetic basis of resistance mechanisms remaining effective at elevated temperatures. Using genome wide association (GWA) approaches on two collections of A. thaliana, we uncovered quantitative trait loci associated with natural variation of Ralstonia disease outcome. GWA analysis revealed a polygenic architecture underlying disease symptom progression that is different between both collections. We functionally validated three genes involved in plant defence responses to R. solanacearum. However, the disease triangle of bacterial wilt could not be complete without understanding how genetic variation of the pathogen affects disease outcome. My current postdoc project aims to explore the molecular mechanisms promoting fitness of diverse Ralstonia species across different tomato cultivars and across different plant species. By adopting a random barcoded transposon mutant sequencing (RB-TnSeq), I aim to identify the genetic requirements of bacterial fitness in planta. Deciphering the plant–host environment interactions is fundamental to provide solutions for crop improvement. Race typing of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in western Canada. R. BAMRAH, K. LOU, M. ABBASI, H. R. KUTCHER AND G. S. BRAR. Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; and
{"title":"British Columbia regional meeting, 2021/Réunion régionale de la Colombie-Britannique, 2021","authors":"L. Tauleigne, F. Lonjon, H. Desaint, L. Boyrie, M. Bonhomme, L. Deslandes, F. Vailleau, F. Roux, R. Berthomé","doi":"10.1080/07060661.2022.2102280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2022.2102280","url":null,"abstract":"s / Résumés British Columbia regional meeting, 2021/Réunion régionale de la Colombie-Britannique, 2021 Dissecting the mechanisms underlying the complex plant–Ralstonia--environment interactions. N. AOUN, L. TAULEIGNE, F. LONJON, H. DESAINT, L. BOYRIE, M. BONHOMME, L. DESLANDES, F. VAILLEAU, F. ROUX, R. BERTHOME AND T. LOWEPOWER. (N. A., T.L.) Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616851, USA; (N.A., L.T., F.L., L.D., F.V., F.R., R.B.) Laboratory of Plant-Microorganisms-Environment Interactions, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, French National Centre for Scientific Research, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan France; (H.D.) SYNGENTA seeds, 84260 Sarrians France; and (L.B., M. B.) Plant Science Research Laboratory, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Paul Sabatier University, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France The central concept of ‘disease triangle’ in plant pathology highlights the importance of environment– host–pathogen interaction for disease severity. Warmer temperatures have been shown to inhibit most of the known resistance mechanisms in plants. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this talk, I will unify my PhD research and planned postdoctoral research around the Ralstonia wilt disease triangle. Ralstonia are a major threat to food security around the world. During my PhD (LIPME/ INRAE-France), we dissected mechanisms underlying the interaction of temperature and plant natural variation in Ralstonia disease outcome. By exploiting the natural genetic variation in Arabidopsis thaliana, we identified and characterized the genetic basis of resistance mechanisms remaining effective at elevated temperatures. Using genome wide association (GWA) approaches on two collections of A. thaliana, we uncovered quantitative trait loci associated with natural variation of Ralstonia disease outcome. GWA analysis revealed a polygenic architecture underlying disease symptom progression that is different between both collections. We functionally validated three genes involved in plant defence responses to R. solanacearum. However, the disease triangle of bacterial wilt could not be complete without understanding how genetic variation of the pathogen affects disease outcome. My current postdoc project aims to explore the molecular mechanisms promoting fitness of diverse Ralstonia species across different tomato cultivars and across different plant species. By adopting a random barcoded transposon mutant sequencing (RB-TnSeq), I aim to identify the genetic requirements of bacterial fitness in planta. Deciphering the plant–host environment interactions is fundamental to provide solutions for crop improvement. Race typing of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in western Canada. R. BAMRAH, K. LOU, M. ABBASI, H. R. KUTCHER AND G. S. BRAR. Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; and","PeriodicalId":9468,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47204677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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