The interest in growing pulse crops and oilseeds together as intercrop combinations is increasing. However, little is known about nutrient dynamics in pulse–oilseed intercropping systems in western Canada, particularly the contributions from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Kabuli chickpea and brown flax were grown without added fertilizer as monocrops and as intercrops in mixed and alternate seed row configurations at sites located in the Brown (Central Butte, SK) and Black (Redvers, SK) soil zones in 2019 and 2020. Comparison was made of grain and straw yields, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake of grain and straw, and proportion and amount of biologically fixed N contributed from the chickpea and transferred to the flax. The intercrop grain yield land equivalent ratio (LER) and N and P uptake LER values were at or above 1 for the four site-years, indicating benefit from intercropping in increasing total yield and crop N and P uptake from the land area. The proportion of N derived from BNF was not enhanced in this intercrop combination, but considerable biologically fixed N (8%–22%) was transferred from the chickpea to the flax during the growing season. This was associated with reduced depletion of soil N compared to monocrop flax in part due to the contribution of biologically fixed N in the chickpea–flax intercrop system.
{"title":"Yield, nitrogen, and phosphorus uptake, and biological nitrogen fixation in chickpea–flax intercropping systems in southern Saskatchewan","authors":"M. Reid, J. Schoenau, J.D. Knight, R. Hangs","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0054","url":null,"abstract":"The interest in growing pulse crops and oilseeds together as intercrop combinations is increasing. However, little is known about nutrient dynamics in pulse–oilseed intercropping systems in western Canada, particularly the contributions from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Kabuli chickpea and brown flax were grown without added fertilizer as monocrops and as intercrops in mixed and alternate seed row configurations at sites located in the Brown (Central Butte, SK) and Black (Redvers, SK) soil zones in 2019 and 2020. Comparison was made of grain and straw yields, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake of grain and straw, and proportion and amount of biologically fixed N contributed from the chickpea and transferred to the flax. The intercrop grain yield land equivalent ratio (LER) and N and P uptake LER values were at or above 1 for the four site-years, indicating benefit from intercropping in increasing total yield and crop N and P uptake from the land area. The proportion of N derived from BNF was not enhanced in this intercrop combination, but considerable biologically fixed N (8%–22%) was transferred from the chickpea to the flax during the growing season. This was associated with reduced depletion of soil N compared to monocrop flax in part due to the contribution of biologically fixed N in the chickpea–flax intercrop system.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"92 s388","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135341757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breanne Tidemann, K. Neil Harker, Hugh J Beckie, Hiroshi Kubota, Jennifer Zuidhof, Patty Reid
Herbicide resistance in western Canada has increased interest in alternative weed management strategies. Physical impact mills, a form of harvest weed seed control, have been identified as a strategy that may be well suited for Canadian use. The efficacy of the Harrington Seed Destructor, a physical impact mill, was evaluated in 20 producer fields in Alberta on a wide spectrum of weed species over 3 years. Significant differences in weed densities between the physical impact mill treatment and the regular harvest densities were few, however some population density reductions were observed. Measurable reductions in weed densities may have been limited by the short timeframe of the experiment, the high initial densities of the weeds, or the targeted weed species having dormancy or longer-term seedbanks. Additionally, identified knowledge gaps on how best to optimize physical impact mill efficacy may have reduced the efficacy of the physical impact mill in this study. This study showed no conclusive evidence for the efficacy of a physical impact mill on tested weed species under field conditions. However, it did provide a number of important considerations for future studies.
{"title":"Field Testing of a Physical Impact Mill in the Canadian Prairies","authors":"Breanne Tidemann, K. Neil Harker, Hugh J Beckie, Hiroshi Kubota, Jennifer Zuidhof, Patty Reid","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0091","url":null,"abstract":"Herbicide resistance in western Canada has increased interest in alternative weed management strategies. Physical impact mills, a form of harvest weed seed control, have been identified as a strategy that may be well suited for Canadian use. The efficacy of the Harrington Seed Destructor, a physical impact mill, was evaluated in 20 producer fields in Alberta on a wide spectrum of weed species over 3 years. Significant differences in weed densities between the physical impact mill treatment and the regular harvest densities were few, however some population density reductions were observed. Measurable reductions in weed densities may have been limited by the short timeframe of the experiment, the high initial densities of the weeds, or the targeted weed species having dormancy or longer-term seedbanks. Additionally, identified knowledge gaps on how best to optimize physical impact mill efficacy may have reduced the efficacy of the physical impact mill in this study. This study showed no conclusive evidence for the efficacy of a physical impact mill on tested weed species under field conditions. However, it did provide a number of important considerations for future studies.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135729443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brian L Beres, Steven Simmill, Warren Taylor, Ryan J Dyck, Joel Hubert
Adoption of conservation farming practices such as zero tillage when planting field research plots is essential to the replication of on-farm practices. The problem is that most drill options fail to meet expectations as they are not built to the scale required, compromise the need for uniformity of plant emergence within plot areas, lack portability, or have been designed and equipped in a manner that is not relevant to farm-scale seeder technologies and practices. Agronomists and Technicians at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada engaged with engineering expertise to design and build two prototype drills that are now in full operation.
{"title":"An improved design for a zero-tillage experimental plot drill","authors":"Brian L Beres, Steven Simmill, Warren Taylor, Ryan J Dyck, Joel Hubert","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0094","url":null,"abstract":"Adoption of conservation farming practices such as zero tillage when planting field research plots is essential to the replication of on-farm practices. The problem is that most drill options fail to meet expectations as they are not built to the scale required, compromise the need for uniformity of plant emergence within plot areas, lack portability, or have been designed and equipped in a manner that is not relevant to farm-scale seeder technologies and practices. Agronomists and Technicians at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada engaged with engineering expertise to design and build two prototype drills that are now in full operation.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135968623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the index of absorbance difference ( I AD ) of four major apple cultivars in Ontario (‘Honeycrisp’, ‘Ambrosia’, ‘Gala’, and ‘McIntosh’) during the harvest window over multiple seasons (≥4 years), as well as its relationship with fruit firmness, internal ethylene concentration, and starch index values. I AD values differed among the four cultivars, with ‘McIntosh’ having the highest I AD (1.03–1.33) overall and ‘Gala’ having the lowest (0.19–0.56). Principal component analysis showed that the cultivars were separated into distinct groups. ‘Honeycrisp’ was clustered with starch and ethylene, while ‘Gala’ and ‘McIntosh’ were mainly clustered with firmness and I AD , respectively. Variable correlations between I AD and other maturity indices were found over the years. The negative relationship between I AD and ethylene for ‘Gala’ showed variability with R 2 ranging from 0.008 in 2012 to 0.47 in 2018. The correlation between I AD and starch for ‘Gala’ was very strong ( r s = −0.82 **** ) in 2018, whereas it was not significant in any year for ‘McIntosh’. Overall, I AD may relate to harvest maturity, but it did not correlate closely or consistently with other maturity indices, varied greatly year to year, and was cultivar dependent. I AD measures are not consistently related to fruit maturity every year, making reliability difficult to attain.
{"title":"Variability of Index of Absorbance Difference (IAD) to indicate fruit maturity at harvest for major apple cultivars in Ontario","authors":"Younes Mostofi, Jennifer R. DeEll","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the index of absorbance difference ( I AD ) of four major apple cultivars in Ontario (‘Honeycrisp’, ‘Ambrosia’, ‘Gala’, and ‘McIntosh’) during the harvest window over multiple seasons (≥4 years), as well as its relationship with fruit firmness, internal ethylene concentration, and starch index values. I AD values differed among the four cultivars, with ‘McIntosh’ having the highest I AD (1.03–1.33) overall and ‘Gala’ having the lowest (0.19–0.56). Principal component analysis showed that the cultivars were separated into distinct groups. ‘Honeycrisp’ was clustered with starch and ethylene, while ‘Gala’ and ‘McIntosh’ were mainly clustered with firmness and I AD , respectively. Variable correlations between I AD and other maturity indices were found over the years. The negative relationship between I AD and ethylene for ‘Gala’ showed variability with R 2 ranging from 0.008 in 2012 to 0.47 in 2018. The correlation between I AD and starch for ‘Gala’ was very strong ( r s = −0.82 **** ) in 2018, whereas it was not significant in any year for ‘McIntosh’. Overall, I AD may relate to harvest maturity, but it did not correlate closely or consistently with other maturity indices, varied greatly year to year, and was cultivar dependent. I AD measures are not consistently related to fruit maturity every year, making reliability difficult to attain.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135345436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aida Z Kebede, Constantin Voloaca, Jinhe Wu, Brett Bowman, Zhong Wang, Tsegaye Woldemariam, Xiaoyang Zhu
CO481 is an early maturing (57–58 days to flowering, 1283–1310 crop heat units (CHUs)) yellow, semi-dent inbred line. CO481 has mixed heterotic group and combines well with stiff stalk testers to produce hybrids with high grain yield. Additional key features include fast kernel drydown rate and moderate to high resistance to gibberella ear rot. CO481 is most suitable for short-season regions of North America with CHUs ranging from 2500 to 2750. These include the corn-growing regions of Canada in Prince Edward Island, eastern parts of Ontario, and southern parts of Quebec, Manitoba, and Alberta.
{"title":"CO481 corn inbred line","authors":"Aida Z Kebede, Constantin Voloaca, Jinhe Wu, Brett Bowman, Zhong Wang, Tsegaye Woldemariam, Xiaoyang Zhu","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0097","url":null,"abstract":"CO481 is an early maturing (57–58 days to flowering, 1283–1310 crop heat units (CHUs)) yellow, semi-dent inbred line. CO481 has mixed heterotic group and combines well with stiff stalk testers to produce hybrids with high grain yield. Additional key features include fast kernel drydown rate and moderate to high resistance to gibberella ear rot. CO481 is most suitable for short-season regions of North America with CHUs ranging from 2500 to 2750. These include the corn-growing regions of Canada in Prince Edward Island, eastern parts of Ontario, and southern parts of Quebec, Manitoba, and Alberta.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134885613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endophytes are micro-organisms residing inside plants and are mostly transmitted by seeds. In this study, we used ITS meta-genomic sequencing analysis to investigate the fungal endophyte profile of seeds harvested from three different soybean genotypes (OT 13-08, AC Proteus and AC Harmony) grown in Manitoba, Canada. Protein and oil contents of these genotypes were different from each other. Out of the three soybean genotypes tested, AC Harmony showed the highest level (71.85%) of predicted fungal endophyte taxonomic units classified up to the genus level. At the species level analysis, 20 predicted micro-organisms were common in all genotypes. In addition, AC Harmony included the most diverse potential number (90) of endophyte species. The potential roles of the identified endophytes were further studied and the differential roles were observed based on previous evidence. This study will give insight into fungal endophytes in Canadian soybean genotypes for potential applications in agriculture.
内生菌是生活在植物体内的微生物，主要通过种子传播。在这项研究中，我们使用ITS元基因组测序分析了加拿大马尼托巴省种植的三种不同大豆基因型(OT 13-08, AC Proteus和AC Harmony)收获的种子的真菌内生菌谱。这些基因型的蛋白质和油脂含量各不相同。在3个大豆基因型中，AC Harmony的预测内生真菌分类单位达到属水平的比例最高(71.85%)。在种水平分析中，20种预测微生物在所有基因型中都是常见的。此外，AC Harmony的内生菌潜在种类最多(90种)。进一步研究了所鉴定的内生菌的潜在作用，并在已有证据的基础上观察了其差异作用。该研究将为深入了解加拿大大豆基因型的真菌内生菌在农业上的潜在应用提供依据。
{"title":"Endophytic fungi of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr). and their potential applications","authors":"Ahmed Abdelmagid, Anfu Hou, Champa Wijekoon","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0070","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytes are micro-organisms residing inside plants and are mostly transmitted by seeds. In this study, we used ITS meta-genomic sequencing analysis to investigate the fungal endophyte profile of seeds harvested from three different soybean genotypes (OT 13-08, AC Proteus and AC Harmony) grown in Manitoba, Canada. Protein and oil contents of these genotypes were different from each other. Out of the three soybean genotypes tested, AC Harmony showed the highest level (71.85%) of predicted fungal endophyte taxonomic units classified up to the genus level. At the species level analysis, 20 predicted micro-organisms were common in all genotypes. In addition, AC Harmony included the most diverse potential number (90) of endophyte species. The potential roles of the identified endophytes were further studied and the differential roles were observed based on previous evidence. This study will give insight into fungal endophytes in Canadian soybean genotypes for potential applications in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135395106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of genotypes and tannin levels on the nutritional characteristics of faba bean seeds and their relation to protein molecular structure profiles using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Eight genotypes with low tannin (LT, n = 3) and normal tannin (NT, n = 5) levels were studied. Standard methods of analysis and NRC 2001 were used to obtain chemical and energy parameters. The protein molecular spectral study was performed using a spectrometer JASCO FT/IR–4200. Molecular features were analyzed in the mid-infrared region at ~4000–800 cm −1 and protein-related functional groups were obtained using OMNIC software. Results showed higher ( P < 0.01) soluble crude protein (SCP), rapidly degradable protein fraction (PA2), and intestinal digestibility of bypass protein (dIDP) in LT than NT. The slowly degradable protein fraction (PB2) was higher in NT ( P < 0.01) compared to LT. Higher absorbance was observed in spectral peaks related to amide I, amide II, and β-sheet in NT ( P < 0.05) compared to LT. The area ratio of amide I to amide II and the height ratio of α-helix to β-sheet were higher in LT compared to NT ( P < 0.01). This study provides a better understanding of associations between structure and nutritional characteristics in faba bean genotypes with different tannin levels.
利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)研究基因型和单宁水平对蚕豆种子营养特性的影响及其与蛋白质分子结构的关系。研究了8个低单宁(LT, n = 3)和正常单宁(NT, n = 5)基因型。采用标准分析方法和NRC 2001获得化学和能量参数。蛋白质分子光谱研究采用JASCO FT/ IR-4200光谱仪。在~ 4000-800 cm−1的中红外区域分析分子特征，并使用OMNIC软件获得蛋白质相关官能团。结果显示(P <0.01)可溶性粗蛋白(SCP)、快速降解蛋白组分(PA2)、旁路蛋白肠道消化率(dIDP)，慢降解蛋白组分(PB2)均高于NT (P <0.01)。NT中酰胺I、酰胺II和β-sheet相关的光谱峰吸光度较高(P <与NT相比，LT中酰胺I与酰胺II的面积比和α-螺旋与β-片的高度比更高(P <0.01)。本研究为了解不同单宁水平的蚕豆基因型结构与营养特性之间的关系提供了新的思路。
{"title":"Evaluation of <i>Vicia faba</i> plant genotypes using non-destructive vibrational molecular spectroscopic technique (ATR-FT/IR): molecular structure profiles of protein in relation to nutritional characteristics","authors":"Maria E. Rodríguez Espinosa, Peiqiang Yu","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0252","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the impact of genotypes and tannin levels on the nutritional characteristics of faba bean seeds and their relation to protein molecular structure profiles using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Eight genotypes with low tannin (LT, n = 3) and normal tannin (NT, n = 5) levels were studied. Standard methods of analysis and NRC 2001 were used to obtain chemical and energy parameters. The protein molecular spectral study was performed using a spectrometer JASCO FT/IR–4200. Molecular features were analyzed in the mid-infrared region at ~4000–800 cm −1 and protein-related functional groups were obtained using OMNIC software. Results showed higher ( P < 0.01) soluble crude protein (SCP), rapidly degradable protein fraction (PA2), and intestinal digestibility of bypass protein (dIDP) in LT than NT. The slowly degradable protein fraction (PB2) was higher in NT ( P < 0.01) compared to LT. Higher absorbance was observed in spectral peaks related to amide I, amide II, and β-sheet in NT ( P < 0.05) compared to LT. The area ratio of amide I to amide II and the height ratio of α-helix to β-sheet were higher in LT compared to NT ( P < 0.01). This study provides a better understanding of associations between structure and nutritional characteristics in faba bean genotypes with different tannin levels.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135397094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryan C. Hamberg, Ramawatar Yadav, Micheal D.K. Owen, Mark A. Licht
Multiple herbicide-resistant waterhemp ( Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D. Sauer) has limited herbicide options for Iowa row crop production. Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars and corn ( Zea mays L.) hybrids resistant to 2,4-D, dicamba, and glufosinate have provided more herbicide options for waterhemp management. A probability-based survey of Iowa fields was conducted in fall 2019 wherein waterhemp seeds were collected and their susceptibility to 2,4-D, dicamba, and glufosinate was determined. The average survival of all populations treated with 1× 2,4-D, dicamba, and glufosinate was 17%, 5%, and 4%, respectively. Seven percent of treated populations exhibited ≥50% survival to 1× rates of 2,4-D.
{"title":"Differential susceptibility of Iowa waterhemp (<i>Amaranthus tuberculatus</i>) populations to 2,4-D, dicamba, and glufosinate","authors":"Ryan C. Hamberg, Ramawatar Yadav, Micheal D.K. Owen, Mark A. Licht","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0081","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple herbicide-resistant waterhemp ( Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D. Sauer) has limited herbicide options for Iowa row crop production. Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars and corn ( Zea mays L.) hybrids resistant to 2,4-D, dicamba, and glufosinate have provided more herbicide options for waterhemp management. A probability-based survey of Iowa fields was conducted in fall 2019 wherein waterhemp seeds were collected and their susceptibility to 2,4-D, dicamba, and glufosinate was determined. The average survival of all populations treated with 1× 2,4-D, dicamba, and glufosinate was 17%, 5%, and 4%, respectively. Seven percent of treated populations exhibited ≥50% survival to 1× rates of 2,4-D.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135397595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. G. Ghehsareh, S. Mahdavi, Abbas Peyrovan, Mehdi Ghasemi Nafchi, Bruce L. Dunn
Sternbergia clusiana (SC) is a bulbous plant having an alluring ornamental flower, medicinal properties, and an endangered status due to climate-change ecology. However, the methods of propagation for conserving this notable species have been neglected. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on SC regeneration by virtue of an asexual propagation method, with the intention of preserving this endangered species from extinction. In this regard, having collected the bulbs from a wild habitat, bulbs were cut in accordance with the chipping technique. Thereafter, pieces were treated with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 250, 500, and 1000 mg L-1, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), at 100, 250, and 500 mg L-1, putrescine (PU) at 50, 100, and 200 mg L-1, BAP and NAA combination, BAP and PU combination, and a control. Pieces were then transferred into primary and terminal growing media under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, respectively. Next, the number, length, width, and weight of bulbs were determined. The greatest bulb number (2.10 count), bulb length (26.75 mm), bulb width (16.25 mm), and bulb weight (3.13 g) were observed in the PU treatments. In addition, the results showed that even though the treated bulbs with BAP and PU combinations had preferable performance generally, the results were inconsistent. Taken together, this research indicates that utilizing asexual propagation along with PGRs, in the proper dosage, can serve as a mechanism to protect the endangered geophyte from extinction in nature.
{"title":"A prospective insight into the reproduction of Sternbergia clusiana K. Gawl. – An endangered species","authors":"M. G. Ghehsareh, S. Mahdavi, Abbas Peyrovan, Mehdi Ghasemi Nafchi, Bruce L. Dunn","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Sternbergia clusiana (SC) is a bulbous plant having an alluring ornamental flower, medicinal properties, and an endangered status due to climate-change ecology. However, the methods of propagation for conserving this notable species have been neglected. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on SC regeneration by virtue of an asexual propagation method, with the intention of preserving this endangered species from extinction. In this regard, having collected the bulbs from a wild habitat, bulbs were cut in accordance with the chipping technique. Thereafter, pieces were treated with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 250, 500, and 1000 mg L-1, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), at 100, 250, and 500 mg L-1, putrescine (PU) at 50, 100, and 200 mg L-1, BAP and NAA combination, BAP and PU combination, and a control. Pieces were then transferred into primary and terminal growing media under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, respectively. Next, the number, length, width, and weight of bulbs were determined. The greatest bulb number (2.10 count), bulb length (26.75 mm), bulb width (16.25 mm), and bulb weight (3.13 g) were observed in the PU treatments. In addition, the results showed that even though the treated bulbs with BAP and PU combinations had preferable performance generally, the results were inconsistent. Taken together, this research indicates that utilizing asexual propagation along with PGRs, in the proper dosage, can serve as a mechanism to protect the endangered geophyte from extinction in nature.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45236801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To maintain the high yields and fruit quality necessary for profitability of sweet cherry production, it is important to consider precision crop load and canopy management techniques during limb renewal. The effects of branch section age, rootstock, and cultivar on spur and flower density and fruit quality have been discussed in previous studies, but most of them focus on a limited range of fruiting wood ages and scion-rootstock combinations. This study aims to analyse the processes of sweet cherry productivity and fruit size formation on a wide range of wood age to determine the limit after which branch preservation is not sustainable, and to evaluate the influence of rootstocks and cultivars on these parameters. The results indicate that wood age is one of the main drivers of productivity formation in cherry. The highest flower density was observed on 3-year-old branch sections – 324 flowers per linear m, due to high spur density, number of reproductive buds per spur and flowers per bud. Productivity on 2-year-old wood was also good (256 flowers per linear m), while a sharp decline in flower density was noted on 4- and 5-year-old wood. The largest fruits were formed on young branch sections, with a significant decline in fruit weight and diameter on 4- and 5-year-old sections. Rootstock vigour had a bigger effect on floral organ induction on 1-year-old shoots, than on spurs. Based on the results, it is advisable to regularly renew lateral branches older than 3 years to maintain high yield efficiency and fruit quality.
{"title":"Wood age, rootstocks and cultivars drive the formation of productivity and fruit size in sweet cherry","authors":"P. Bondarenko, I. Yudytska, Olha Alekseeva","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0069","url":null,"abstract":"To maintain the high yields and fruit quality necessary for profitability of sweet cherry production, it is important to consider precision crop load and canopy management techniques during limb renewal. The effects of branch section age, rootstock, and cultivar on spur and flower density and fruit quality have been discussed in previous studies, but most of them focus on a limited range of fruiting wood ages and scion-rootstock combinations. This study aims to analyse the processes of sweet cherry productivity and fruit size formation on a wide range of wood age to determine the limit after which branch preservation is not sustainable, and to evaluate the influence of rootstocks and cultivars on these parameters. The results indicate that wood age is one of the main drivers of productivity formation in cherry. The highest flower density was observed on 3-year-old branch sections – 324 flowers per linear m, due to high spur density, number of reproductive buds per spur and flowers per bud. Productivity on 2-year-old wood was also good (256 flowers per linear m), while a sharp decline in flower density was noted on 4- and 5-year-old wood. The largest fruits were formed on young branch sections, with a significant decline in fruit weight and diameter on 4- and 5-year-old sections. Rootstock vigour had a bigger effect on floral organ induction on 1-year-old shoots, than on spurs. Based on the results, it is advisable to regularly renew lateral branches older than 3 years to maintain high yield efficiency and fruit quality.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41269463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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