Wild oat is a widespread threat to annual crop production on the Canadian Prairies. Infestations are difficult to manage due to a persistent seedbank, complex dormancy, a long emergence window, herbicide resistance, and seed shatter corresponding to crop harvest timings. The study objective was to evaluate the efficacy of potassium nitrate (KNO3) and pyroligneous acid for promoting germination and emergence of wild oat and volunteer wheat, barley, and oat. A total of 24 repeated experiments were conducted using freshly produced seeds to ensure adequate endodormancy. Wheat and barley demonstrated no endodormancy following seed formation and rapidly emerged with moisture. All species imbibed but did not germinate in Petri dishes within pyroligneous acid solutions of 5%–100%. Dormancy release was observed within 0.1% and 1% pyroligneous acid solutions. KNO3 did not stimulate germination or emergence for any species and was inhibitory at 125 kg N ha−1. Pyroligneous acid increased wild oat emergence with 50% and 100% solutions applied at 200 L ha−1 in the first study and with 10% solutions in the second study. Emergence inhibition was noted for oat, barley, and wheat with pyroligneous acid applications. This research further confirms that pyroligneous acid may stimulate wild oat emergence and confirms activity on freshly matured seed.
野生燕麦对加拿大大草原的年度作物生产构成了广泛的威胁。由于持续的种子库、复杂的休眠、长的出苗窗口、抗除草剂性以及与作物收获时间相对应的种子破碎，感染很难控制。本研究的目的是评估硝酸钾（KNO3）和木脂酸对野生燕麦和普通小麦、大麦和燕麦的发芽和出苗的促进作用。使用新鲜生产的种子进行总共24次重复实验，以确保足够的内胚层。小麦和大麦在种子形成后没有表现出内胚层，并在潮湿的情况下迅速出现。所有物种都在5%–100%的木脂酸溶液中的培养皿中吸收但没有发芽。在0.1%和1%木脂酸溶液中观察到休眠释放。KNO3不刺激任何物种的发芽或出苗，在125 kg N ha−1时具有抑制作用。在第一项研究中，在200 L ha−1的条件下施用50%和100%的溶液，在第二项研究中施用10%的溶液，可增加野生燕麦的出苗率。应用焦木脂酸对燕麦、大麦和小麦有抑制作用。这项研究进一步证实了木脂酸可能刺激野生燕麦的出苗，并证实了其对新鲜成熟种子的活性。
{"title":"Evaluating seedbank stimulants for wild oat and volunteer cereal management on the Canadian Prairies","authors":"S. Sharpe, Taylor Kaye, B. Tidemann","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0202","url":null,"abstract":"Wild oat is a widespread threat to annual crop production on the Canadian Prairies. Infestations are difficult to manage due to a persistent seedbank, complex dormancy, a long emergence window, herbicide resistance, and seed shatter corresponding to crop harvest timings. The study objective was to evaluate the efficacy of potassium nitrate (KNO3) and pyroligneous acid for promoting germination and emergence of wild oat and volunteer wheat, barley, and oat. A total of 24 repeated experiments were conducted using freshly produced seeds to ensure adequate endodormancy. Wheat and barley demonstrated no endodormancy following seed formation and rapidly emerged with moisture. All species imbibed but did not germinate in Petri dishes within pyroligneous acid solutions of 5%–100%. Dormancy release was observed within 0.1% and 1% pyroligneous acid solutions. KNO3 did not stimulate germination or emergence for any species and was inhibitory at 125 kg N ha−1. Pyroligneous acid increased wild oat emergence with 50% and 100% solutions applied at 200 L ha−1 in the first study and with 10% solutions in the second study. Emergence inhibition was noted for oat, barley, and wheat with pyroligneous acid applications. This research further confirms that pyroligneous acid may stimulate wild oat emergence and confirms activity on freshly matured seed.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44755726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andréanne Hébert-Haché, James J. Willwerth, Belinda Kemp, D. Inglis
Winter survival of Vitis vinifera Linnaeus in cool climate viticultural areas can be jeopardized due to inadequate cold hardiness. Dehydrins are a family of proteins commonly found in plant tissue in response to dehydration stress and cold exposure. To determine their presence and relationship to cold hardiness in overwintering grapevines, compound buds of V. vinifera cv. Sauvignon blanc were sampled from a commercial vineyard every two to three weeks throughout the 2016-2017 winter. Proteins were extracted and separated by SDS-PAGE, and potential dehydrins were immunoblotted with a commercial antibody raised against the dehydrin K-segment consensus sequence. Six protein bands were identified in four Sauvignon blanc clones at 23, 26, 35, 41, 48 and 90 kDa, showing a serological relation to dehydrins due to their reaction with the K-segment antibody. The bands at 23, 41, 48, and 90 kDa were confirmed as dehydrins following trypsin digestion and LC-MS/MS with Mascot analysis. Their fluctuations throughout the dormant season were quantified by immunoblotting and three patterns emerged: the 23, 26 and 35 kDa proteins peaked immediately prior to deacclimation; the 41 and 48 kDa proteins peaked during maximum hardiness and decreased towards deacclimation while the 90 kDa plateaued during the same period. Maximum hardiness and relative dehydrin band intensity were positively correlated (p < 0.050) for all but the 23 kDa protein. The variation in accumulation patterns and relationships to cold hardiness indicates that these dehydrin proteins are likely regulated by different molecular processes and could play different roles in cryo-protection throughout dormancy.
{"title":"Correlation between dehydrin-like proteins and cold hardiness of grapevine","authors":"Andréanne Hébert-Haché, James J. Willwerth, Belinda Kemp, D. Inglis","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0048","url":null,"abstract":"Winter survival of Vitis vinifera Linnaeus in cool climate viticultural areas can be jeopardized due to inadequate cold hardiness. Dehydrins are a family of proteins commonly found in plant tissue in response to dehydration stress and cold exposure. To determine their presence and relationship to cold hardiness in overwintering grapevines, compound buds of V. vinifera cv. Sauvignon blanc were sampled from a commercial vineyard every two to three weeks throughout the 2016-2017 winter. Proteins were extracted and separated by SDS-PAGE, and potential dehydrins were immunoblotted with a commercial antibody raised against the dehydrin K-segment consensus sequence. Six protein bands were identified in four Sauvignon blanc clones at 23, 26, 35, 41, 48 and 90 kDa, showing a serological relation to dehydrins due to their reaction with the K-segment antibody. The bands at 23, 41, 48, and 90 kDa were confirmed as dehydrins following trypsin digestion and LC-MS/MS with Mascot analysis. Their fluctuations throughout the dormant season were quantified by immunoblotting and three patterns emerged: the 23, 26 and 35 kDa proteins peaked immediately prior to deacclimation; the 41 and 48 kDa proteins peaked during maximum hardiness and decreased towards deacclimation while the 90 kDa plateaued during the same period. Maximum hardiness and relative dehydrin band intensity were positively correlated (p < 0.050) for all but the 23 kDa protein. The variation in accumulation patterns and relationships to cold hardiness indicates that these dehydrin proteins are likely regulated by different molecular processes and could play different roles in cryo-protection throughout dormancy.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45117322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. Joann Whalen, Dr. Helen Booker, D. Cattani, Dr. Cameron Wagg
Climate change is affecting our global environment and every sector of our economy. Yet, the agricultural sector stands out as being disproportionately impacted. Rising global temperatures are stressful for growing crops. As the Earth warms, the weather is expected to become increasingly erratic and extreme weather events are likely to occur more frequently. Crops are at risk from drought, flooding, heat waves, and the damaging effects of frost, hail, windstorms, and rainstorms. This special issue in the Canadian Journal of Plant Science covers all aspects of cropping system research in cold climate regions. The articles selected for publication in this special issue examine how cultivar selection and cropping system management can address the challenges and opportunities of a changing climate. Our goal was to gather the most current findings that would help explain the variability in crop responses, according to the geographical location (Mapfumo et al. 2023a, 2023b; Qian et al. 2023). Another objective was to identify the plant attributes that could enhance the resilience of cropping systems to climate change. Finally, we examined how crop adaptation and agricultural management could maintain or improve crop yields, ensure food security, and protect the environment. Crop breeding is one way to adapt to stressful growing conditions. Heat stress and water deficit are major growthlimiting factors for cool season crops such as field pea (Pisum sativum L). We now understand that lower yields of heat stressed pea is the result of early embryo abortion rather than difficulties with pollination (Osorio et al. 2023). Heat tolerance in field pea is associated with quantitative trait locus on chromosomes 2, 5, and 7 (Huang et al. 2023), which assists efforts to identify genotypes with superior heat stress tolerance. There is also a genetic and molecular basis to understanding soybean (Glycine max L.) seed germination in response to waterlogging and cold climate (Suo et al. 2023). Genetic adaptability will also be critical to the selection of forage crops such as cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.), a non-bloat perennial forage legume that thrives in colder climates and produces high yields of digestible livestock feed in the colder months (MacTaggart et al. 2023). Cropping system management will be key to sustaining the yields of short-season oilseed crops like soybean, which are sensitive to water limitation and solar radiation (Cober and Morrison 2023). Including perennial forages, as seed crops, in crop rotations is an option for greater cropping system resiliency in cold climate agricultural regions (Khanal 2023), while drought-resistant cover crops also offer additional opportunities for maintaining soil cover and fertility in dryland agriculture (Ben Kalifa et al. 2023). Soil fertility in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production systems was improved through the application of woody mulch (Nyiraneza et al. 2023), whereas judicious use of nitrogen f
{"title":"Cropping system adaptation for enhanced resilience to climate change in cold climate regions","authors":"Dr. Joann Whalen, Dr. Helen Booker, D. Cattani, Dr. Cameron Wagg","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0041","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is affecting our global environment and every sector of our economy. Yet, the agricultural sector stands out as being disproportionately impacted. Rising global temperatures are stressful for growing crops. As the Earth warms, the weather is expected to become increasingly erratic and extreme weather events are likely to occur more frequently. Crops are at risk from drought, flooding, heat waves, and the damaging effects of frost, hail, windstorms, and rainstorms. This special issue in the Canadian Journal of Plant Science covers all aspects of cropping system research in cold climate regions. The articles selected for publication in this special issue examine how cultivar selection and cropping system management can address the challenges and opportunities of a changing climate. Our goal was to gather the most current findings that would help explain the variability in crop responses, according to the geographical location (Mapfumo et al. 2023a, 2023b; Qian et al. 2023). Another objective was to identify the plant attributes that could enhance the resilience of cropping systems to climate change. Finally, we examined how crop adaptation and agricultural management could maintain or improve crop yields, ensure food security, and protect the environment. Crop breeding is one way to adapt to stressful growing conditions. Heat stress and water deficit are major growthlimiting factors for cool season crops such as field pea (Pisum sativum L). We now understand that lower yields of heat stressed pea is the result of early embryo abortion rather than difficulties with pollination (Osorio et al. 2023). Heat tolerance in field pea is associated with quantitative trait locus on chromosomes 2, 5, and 7 (Huang et al. 2023), which assists efforts to identify genotypes with superior heat stress tolerance. There is also a genetic and molecular basis to understanding soybean (Glycine max L.) seed germination in response to waterlogging and cold climate (Suo et al. 2023). Genetic adaptability will also be critical to the selection of forage crops such as cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.), a non-bloat perennial forage legume that thrives in colder climates and produces high yields of digestible livestock feed in the colder months (MacTaggart et al. 2023). Cropping system management will be key to sustaining the yields of short-season oilseed crops like soybean, which are sensitive to water limitation and solar radiation (Cober and Morrison 2023). Including perennial forages, as seed crops, in crop rotations is an option for greater cropping system resiliency in cold climate agricultural regions (Khanal 2023), while drought-resistant cover crops also offer additional opportunities for maintaining soil cover and fertility in dryland agriculture (Ben Kalifa et al. 2023). Soil fertility in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production systems was improved through the application of woody mulch (Nyiraneza et al. 2023), whereas judicious use of nitrogen f","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"331 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43706414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is increasing interest in growing apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.) of European origin for the production of hard cider in Canada; however, little is known about their susceptibility to fire blight (FB). Fire blight can spread rapidly through apple (and pear) orchards causing extensive tree mortality and economic loss. Twenty-eight promising cider cultivars were evaluated over a 7-year period, and in their seventh year of production they were severely naturally infected by a Erwinia amylovora outbreak causing FB. Herein, we report the bloom and harvest dates and tree mortality that developed largely as secondary shoot blight in the summer of 2021. Overall, the cultivars could be classified according to relative susceptibility to FB, based on percentage tree mortality after 7 years: Enterprise (0%); GoldRush and Porter's Perfection (< 20%); Binet Rouge, Kingston Black, Cline Russet, Dabinett, Grimes Golden, Frequin Rouge, Crimson Crisp®, Cox Orange Pippin, and Muscadet De Dieppe (20-40%); Calville Blanc d’Hiver, Bramley's Seedling, Yarlington Mill, Michelin, Bulmers Norman, Stoke Red, Golden Russet, Breakwell, Esopus Spitzenberg (50-90%); and Brown Snout, Medaille d'Or, Michelin, Brown's Apple, Sweet Alford, Tydeman Late, Ashmead’s Kernel, and Tolman (90-100%). This study highlights the importance of selecting FB tolerantt cider cultivars and following best management orchard practices to reduce the spread and prevent infection, which can be achieved by using FB resistant rootstock, controlling rootstock suckers, fire blight prediction models, and limited use of antibiotics, biologicals, and careful nitrogen application to regulate tree vigor.
{"title":"Fire blight Susceptibility of Select Cider Apple Cultivars","authors":"J. Cline, Amanda Beneff","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"There is increasing interest in growing apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.) of European origin for the production of hard cider in Canada; however, little is known about their susceptibility to fire blight (FB). Fire blight can spread rapidly through apple (and pear) orchards causing extensive tree mortality and economic loss. Twenty-eight promising cider cultivars were evaluated over a 7-year period, and in their seventh year of production they were severely naturally infected by a Erwinia amylovora outbreak causing FB. Herein, we report the bloom and harvest dates and tree mortality that developed largely as secondary shoot blight in the summer of 2021. Overall, the cultivars could be classified according to relative susceptibility to FB, based on percentage tree mortality after 7 years: Enterprise (0%); GoldRush and Porter's Perfection (< 20%); Binet Rouge, Kingston Black, Cline Russet, Dabinett, Grimes Golden, Frequin Rouge, Crimson Crisp®, Cox Orange Pippin, and Muscadet De Dieppe (20-40%); Calville Blanc d’Hiver, Bramley's Seedling, Yarlington Mill, Michelin, Bulmers Norman, Stoke Red, Golden Russet, Breakwell, Esopus Spitzenberg (50-90%); and Brown Snout, Medaille d'Or, Michelin, Brown's Apple, Sweet Alford, Tydeman Late, Ashmead’s Kernel, and Tolman (90-100%). This study highlights the importance of selecting FB tolerantt cider cultivars and following best management orchard practices to reduce the spread and prevent infection, which can be achieved by using FB resistant rootstock, controlling rootstock suckers, fire blight prediction models, and limited use of antibiotics, biologicals, and careful nitrogen application to regulate tree vigor.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43613528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Biswas, B. Gjetvaj, M. St. Luce, Kui Liu, Haben Asgedom
Abstract Drought imposes a significant challenge for crop production. However, little is known about the impact of drought priming and nitrogen (N) application and their interactive effects on drought resilience, yield, and grain quality in wheat. Spring wheat (cv. Stettler) was grown in plastic pots (25 cm diameter) with high, moderate, and low soil water levels and received N (added N) or without N (no N added), and subjected to acute drought for 10 days, then rewatering at the tillering stage. Canopy temperature, maximum efficiency of photosystem II, and normalized difference vegetation index were measured at 3-day intervals during drought-recovery periods to quantify drought resistance and resilience. Above-ground dry matter, straw dry matter, seed dry matter, harvest index, and grain N, phosphorus (P), and zinc (Zn) concentrations were determined. Both moderate- and low-water-grown plants had higher drought resistance than high-water-grown plants. The addition of N alleviated acute drought stress in high- and moderate-water-grown plants but exacerbated drought stress in low-water-grown plants. Both high and moderate water resulted in higher grain yields, but had a lower harvest index than low water. The highest and lowest grain N were observed in the low- and high-water-grown plants, respectively. The addition of N increased N and N:P in grains but decreased grain Zn:N. This study showed that moderate drought priming along with N application can improve drought resistance, yield, and grain quality. The results also indicated that canopy thermal imaging is a useful tool for high-throughput quantification of the drought resistance of wheat.
{"title":"Effects of soil water and nitrogen on drought resilience, growth, yield, and grain quality of a spring wheat","authors":"D. Biswas, B. Gjetvaj, M. St. Luce, Kui Liu, Haben Asgedom","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0210","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Drought imposes a significant challenge for crop production. However, little is known about the impact of drought priming and nitrogen (N) application and their interactive effects on drought resilience, yield, and grain quality in wheat. Spring wheat (cv. Stettler) was grown in plastic pots (25 cm diameter) with high, moderate, and low soil water levels and received N (added N) or without N (no N added), and subjected to acute drought for 10 days, then rewatering at the tillering stage. Canopy temperature, maximum efficiency of photosystem II, and normalized difference vegetation index were measured at 3-day intervals during drought-recovery periods to quantify drought resistance and resilience. Above-ground dry matter, straw dry matter, seed dry matter, harvest index, and grain N, phosphorus (P), and zinc (Zn) concentrations were determined. Both moderate- and low-water-grown plants had higher drought resistance than high-water-grown plants. The addition of N alleviated acute drought stress in high- and moderate-water-grown plants but exacerbated drought stress in low-water-grown plants. Both high and moderate water resulted in higher grain yields, but had a lower harvest index than low water. The highest and lowest grain N were observed in the low- and high-water-grown plants, respectively. The addition of N increased N and N:P in grains but decreased grain Zn:N. This study showed that moderate drought priming along with N application can improve drought resistance, yield, and grain quality. The results also indicated that canopy thermal imaging is a useful tool for high-throughput quantification of the drought resistance of wheat.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"401 - 410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42873847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current research on deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene secondary metabolite produced by the Fusarium species in corn grains, relies on the time-consuming field inoculation of Fusarium species with unpredictable and low recovery rates of DON in grains. The objective of this study was to evaluate three methods: soaking whole grains, soaking cracked grains, and injection in three solvents (distilled water, methanol, and acetonitrile) at three toxin concentration levels (1, 5, and 10 µg/g) for facilitating DON absorption in corn grains. The effectiveness of each treatment method and the performance of each solvent in aiding DON absorption were analysed and compared with the recovery rates of DON in the treated corn grains. The treatment methods, solvent, and DON concentration in solvent had significant effect on the recovery rate of DON in treated kernels. Injecting whole grains showed the highest recovery rates of DON (60%–108%) followed by soaking cracked grains (10%–87%) and whole grain (10%–72%) treatment methods. Distilled water showed the highest recovery rates in both soaking (53%–87%) and injection (74%–105%) treatment methods followed by methanol (18%–68% for soaking; 66%–103% for injection) and acetonitrile (10%–36% for soaking; 61%–108% for injection). Water dispersed the arrangement of starch granules but caused no changes in their surface morphology. Methanol and acetonitrile showed disruptive effects on the surface morphology of starch granules.
{"title":"Evaluation of treatment methods for spiking deoxynivalenol (DON) in single corn kernels","authors":"T. S. Rathna Priya, A. Manickavasagan","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0259","url":null,"abstract":"Current research on deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene secondary metabolite produced by the Fusarium species in corn grains, relies on the time-consuming field inoculation of Fusarium species with unpredictable and low recovery rates of DON in grains. The objective of this study was to evaluate three methods: soaking whole grains, soaking cracked grains, and injection in three solvents (distilled water, methanol, and acetonitrile) at three toxin concentration levels (1, 5, and 10 µg/g) for facilitating DON absorption in corn grains. The effectiveness of each treatment method and the performance of each solvent in aiding DON absorption were analysed and compared with the recovery rates of DON in the treated corn grains. The treatment methods, solvent, and DON concentration in solvent had significant effect on the recovery rate of DON in treated kernels. Injecting whole grains showed the highest recovery rates of DON (60%–108%) followed by soaking cracked grains (10%–87%) and whole grain (10%–72%) treatment methods. Distilled water showed the highest recovery rates in both soaking (53%–87%) and injection (74%–105%) treatment methods followed by methanol (18%–68% for soaking; 66%–103% for injection) and acetonitrile (10%–36% for soaking; 61%–108% for injection). Water dispersed the arrangement of starch granules but caused no changes in their surface morphology. Methanol and acetonitrile showed disruptive effects on the surface morphology of starch granules.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46145829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The stomata of maize leaves is closely related to photosynthesis and transpiration, and the genetic study of maize stomatal phenotypesis important for maize breeding. In this study, rapid scanning electron microscopy (RSEM) was used to obtain images of the abaxial stomata of 457 maize inbred lines with extensive genetic variation, and the trait of stomata density was obtained by counting. The results showed that stomata density was significantly correlated with ear leaf width. And analysis of variance found that there were significant differences (P value<0.05) in stomata density among different ear leaf width, 100-grain weight, kernel number per row, ear row number and kernel weight per corn. High yield-related lines had higher stomata density than those of low yield-related lines. Moreover, high yield-related leaf shape promotes high kernel weight per corn, and lines with medium stomata density promoted kernel weight per corn significantly. Finally, genome-wide association analysis was performed using a mixed linear model (MLM). It showed that eight SNPs significantly associated with stomata density were obtained, which could explain 35.507% of the phenotypic variation. Among these, four SNPs on chromosome 5 were tightly linked, mainly formatting two haplotypes: CTTA (0.636) and TCCG (0.330). Twelve genes with functional annotation were identified within 100 kb upstream and downstream of the eight SNPs. Of these, GRMZM2G068277 had been shown to be involved in plant mitotic processes and exhibited high expression at the leaf base. The results presented here will provide references for further cloning of functional genes related to stomata density.
{"title":"Differential analysis and genome-wide association analysis of stomata density of maize inbred lines leaves at ear position","authors":"Yu Jin, Jinglu Wang, Ying Zhang, Yanxin Zhao, Xianju Lu, Weiliang Wen, Xiangyin Liu, Xinyu Guo, Chunjiang Zhao","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"The stomata of maize leaves is closely related to photosynthesis and transpiration, and the genetic study of maize stomatal phenotypesis important for maize breeding. In this study, rapid scanning electron microscopy (RSEM) was used to obtain images of the abaxial stomata of 457 maize inbred lines with extensive genetic variation, and the trait of stomata density was obtained by counting. The results showed that stomata density was significantly correlated with ear leaf width. And analysis of variance found that there were significant differences (P value<0.05) in stomata density among different ear leaf width, 100-grain weight, kernel number per row, ear row number and kernel weight per corn. High yield-related lines had higher stomata density than those of low yield-related lines. Moreover, high yield-related leaf shape promotes high kernel weight per corn, and lines with medium stomata density promoted kernel weight per corn significantly. Finally, genome-wide association analysis was performed using a mixed linear model (MLM). It showed that eight SNPs significantly associated with stomata density were obtained, which could explain 35.507% of the phenotypic variation. Among these, four SNPs on chromosome 5 were tightly linked, mainly formatting two haplotypes: CTTA (0.636) and TCCG (0.330). Twelve genes with functional annotation were identified within 100 kb upstream and downstream of the eight SNPs. Of these, GRMZM2G068277 had been shown to be involved in plant mitotic processes and exhibited high expression at the leaf base. The results presented here will provide references for further cloning of functional genes related to stomata density.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41532440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Cuthbert, R. DePauw, R. Knox, Asheesh K. Singh, B. McCallum, T. Fetch
AAC Connery, a doubled haploid awnless hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), was similar in grain yield to CDC Osler and significantly higher yielding than the other check cultivars Katepwa, CDC Teal and AC Splendor. Wheat and flour protein concentrations were within the range of the checks. AAC Connery matured significantly later than AC Splendor and in a comparable number of days as Katepwa, CDC Teal, and CDC Osler. AAC Connery was significantly shorter than all of the checks and was significantly more resistant to lodging than Katepwa, AC Splendor and CDC Osler. AAC Connery had significantly heavier kernel weight than Katepwa, CDC Teal and AC Splendor. The test weight of AAC Connery was within the range of the checks. End-use quality specifications of AAC Connery are suitable for the Canada Western Red Spring wheat market class. AAC Connery expressed moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight, an improvement over the checks, resistance to prevalent races of stem rust and yellow rust, and moderate resistance to leaf rust, loose smut, and common bunt.
{"title":"AAC Connery Hard Red Spring Wheat","authors":"R. Cuthbert, R. DePauw, R. Knox, Asheesh K. Singh, B. McCallum, T. Fetch","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0261","url":null,"abstract":"AAC Connery, a doubled haploid awnless hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), was similar in grain yield to CDC Osler and significantly higher yielding than the other check cultivars Katepwa, CDC Teal and AC Splendor. Wheat and flour protein concentrations were within the range of the checks. AAC Connery matured significantly later than AC Splendor and in a comparable number of days as Katepwa, CDC Teal, and CDC Osler. AAC Connery was significantly shorter than all of the checks and was significantly more resistant to lodging than Katepwa, AC Splendor and CDC Osler. AAC Connery had significantly heavier kernel weight than Katepwa, CDC Teal and AC Splendor. The test weight of AAC Connery was within the range of the checks. End-use quality specifications of AAC Connery are suitable for the Canada Western Red Spring wheat market class. AAC Connery expressed moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight, an improvement over the checks, resistance to prevalent races of stem rust and yellow rust, and moderate resistance to leaf rust, loose smut, and common bunt.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49565430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Iqbal, D. Spaner, I. Ciechanowska, K. Strenzke, B. Beres
Abstract Redcliff hard red spring wheat was developed at the University of Alberta using a modified bulk breeding method. In 3 years of evaluation in the Parkland Cooperative test from 2018 to 2020, Redcliff produced 7.3% more grain and matured 1.9 days earlier than the highest yielding check Carberry. Redcliff had 3.9 cm taller plants than Carberry but shorter than the other checks and displayed good lodging tolerance. The test weight of Redcliff was slightly higher than Carberry and Parata but lower than Glenn. The grain weight of Redcliff was higher than Parata and similar to the other checks. Grain protein content was within the range of the checks. Redcliff was rated “resistant” to the prevalent races of stem rust, “resistant” to “moderately resistant” to Fusarium head blight, “intermediate” to leaf and stripe rusts, whereas “moderately susceptible” to common bunt. Three years of end-use quality evaluation have indicated that Redcliff is acceptable for the Canada Western Red Spring wheat market class, with improvements in flour yield.
{"title":"Redcliff hard red spring wheat","authors":"M. Iqbal, D. Spaner, I. Ciechanowska, K. Strenzke, B. Beres","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0121","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Redcliff hard red spring wheat was developed at the University of Alberta using a modified bulk breeding method. In 3 years of evaluation in the Parkland Cooperative test from 2018 to 2020, Redcliff produced 7.3% more grain and matured 1.9 days earlier than the highest yielding check Carberry. Redcliff had 3.9 cm taller plants than Carberry but shorter than the other checks and displayed good lodging tolerance. The test weight of Redcliff was slightly higher than Carberry and Parata but lower than Glenn. The grain weight of Redcliff was higher than Parata and similar to the other checks. Grain protein content was within the range of the checks. Redcliff was rated “resistant” to the prevalent races of stem rust, “resistant” to “moderately resistant” to Fusarium head blight, “intermediate” to leaf and stripe rusts, whereas “moderately susceptible” to common bunt. Three years of end-use quality evaluation have indicated that Redcliff is acceptable for the Canada Western Red Spring wheat market class, with improvements in flour yield.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"426 - 432"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45126681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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