Abstract The objective of this research was to investigate the long-term trends in historical climate variables using the data collected near the classical Breton Plots (Alberta, Canada) and to determine if the data show any evidence of local climate change. The climate data used for the study were obtained from the Alberta Climate Information Service for the years 1901–2020. Various parametric statistical analyses were conducted to determine if monotonic trends occurred in the climate variables over time, and the analyses were conducted on the annual data as well as the 30 year climate normals. Large fluctuations in annual climate variables occurred, but a positive linear trend was observed in the average annual and growing season minimum air temperatures over time. Between 1901 and 2020 the annual minimum air temperature average increased at a rate of 0.3 °C for every 10 years. During the winter periods (December, January, and February, inclusive) from 1901 to 2020, the minimum air temperature average increased at an even higher rate of 0.5 °C every 10 years. Overall, the 30 year climate normals for minimum and maximum air temperatures increased for most seasons. The rates of increase were largest over the winter period, at 0.5 °C every 10 years for minimum air temperature and at 0.3 °C every 10 years for maximum air temperature. Strong linear increases occurred over time for growing degree days, number of frost-free days, total annual precipitation, growing season precipitation, and off-season precipitation.
{"title":"Long-term annual climate trends around the Breton Plots area, Alberta: is there any evidence of local climate change?","authors":"E. Mapfumo, D. Chanasyk, D. Puurveen","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0211","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this research was to investigate the long-term trends in historical climate variables using the data collected near the classical Breton Plots (Alberta, Canada) and to determine if the data show any evidence of local climate change. The climate data used for the study were obtained from the Alberta Climate Information Service for the years 1901–2020. Various parametric statistical analyses were conducted to determine if monotonic trends occurred in the climate variables over time, and the analyses were conducted on the annual data as well as the 30 year climate normals. Large fluctuations in annual climate variables occurred, but a positive linear trend was observed in the average annual and growing season minimum air temperatures over time. Between 1901 and 2020 the annual minimum air temperature average increased at a rate of 0.3 °C for every 10 years. During the winter periods (December, January, and February, inclusive) from 1901 to 2020, the minimum air temperature average increased at an even higher rate of 0.5 °C every 10 years. Overall, the 30 year climate normals for minimum and maximum air temperatures increased for most seasons. The rates of increase were largest over the winter period, at 0.5 °C every 10 years for minimum air temperature and at 0.3 °C every 10 years for maximum air temperature. Strong linear increases occurred over time for growing degree days, number of frost-free days, total annual precipitation, growing season precipitation, and off-season precipitation.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"285 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48157678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Cober, Ketema Daba, T. Warkentin, D. Tomasiewicz, P. Mooleki, Erin M Karppinen, James Frey, R. Mohr, A. Glenn, L. Shaw, S. Chalmers, A. Hou, L. O'Donoughue, Bahram Samanfar, Mehri Hadinezhad
Abstract Low seed protein content in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown in Western Canada can result in soybean meal that does not meet the 48% protein standard. The objectives of this study were to quantify seed composition, agronomic differences between Eastern and Western Canada-grown soybeans, and to determine the yield cost of raising Western soybean protein. Twenty high-to-low protein, including one non-nodulating, genotypes were grown at two locations in Eastern Canada, and eight locations in Western Canada from 2018 to 2021 to determine seed protein, seed composition, and agronomic traits. Over all environments, genotype seed protein ranged from 36.8% to 46.9% with 35.0% for the non-nodulating line. Average seed protein was significantly higher in Eastern Canada (41.6%) compared with Eastern Prairie (39.3%) and Prairie sites (39.7%). There are not separate east–west mega-environments for seed protein in Canada; a high protein genotype is high protein across Canada. With an increase of seed protein by 1%, seed yield dropped by 45.3 kg ha−1 in Eastern Canada, 53.1 kg ha−1 in the Eastern Prairie, and 78.4 kg ha−1 in Prairie sites. In Western Canada, plants were taller but lower yielding with fewer and smaller seeds, and produced lower fixed nitrogen protein yield compared with Eastern Canada. Seed protein quality, quantified with the 11S:7S ratio, was higher in Western Canada compared with Eastern Canada. Plant breeders and growers may need to select higher protein genotypes at the cost of lower yield, if the soybean industry is unable to exploit the protein quality advantage in Western Canada.
大豆种子蛋白质含量偏低[甘氨酸max (L.)]稳定。可能导致豆粕的蛋白质含量达不到48%的标准。本研究的目的是量化种子组成、加拿大东部和西部大豆的农艺差异，并确定西部大豆蛋白的产量成本。从2018年到2021年，在加拿大东部的两个地点和加拿大西部的八个地点种植了20种高到低蛋白基因型，其中包括一种非结瘤基因型，以确定种子蛋白质、种子成分和农艺性状。在所有环境下，基因型种子蛋白含量为36.8% ~ 46.9%，其中非结瘤系为35.0%。加拿大东部地区种子平均蛋白质含量(41.6%)显著高于东部草原地区(39.3%)和草原地区(39.7%)。在加拿大，没有单独的东西巨型种子蛋白环境;高蛋白基因型在加拿大是高蛋白的。每增加1%，加拿大东部地区、东部草原地区和大草原地区的种子产量分别下降45.3 kg ha - 1、53.1 kg ha - 1和78.4 kg ha - 1。在加拿大西部，植株较高，但产量较低，种子少而小，与加拿大东部相比，固定氮蛋白产量较低。以11S:7S比值量化，加拿大西部的种子蛋白质质量高于加拿大东部。如果大豆产业不能利用加拿大西部的蛋白质质量优势，植物育种家和种植者可能需要以低产量为代价选择更高的蛋白质基因型。
{"title":"Soybean seed protein content is lower but protein quality is higher in Western Canada compared with Eastern Canada","authors":"E. Cober, Ketema Daba, T. Warkentin, D. Tomasiewicz, P. Mooleki, Erin M Karppinen, James Frey, R. Mohr, A. Glenn, L. Shaw, S. Chalmers, A. Hou, L. O'Donoughue, Bahram Samanfar, Mehri Hadinezhad","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0147","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Low seed protein content in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown in Western Canada can result in soybean meal that does not meet the 48% protein standard. The objectives of this study were to quantify seed composition, agronomic differences between Eastern and Western Canada-grown soybeans, and to determine the yield cost of raising Western soybean protein. Twenty high-to-low protein, including one non-nodulating, genotypes were grown at two locations in Eastern Canada, and eight locations in Western Canada from 2018 to 2021 to determine seed protein, seed composition, and agronomic traits. Over all environments, genotype seed protein ranged from 36.8% to 46.9% with 35.0% for the non-nodulating line. Average seed protein was significantly higher in Eastern Canada (41.6%) compared with Eastern Prairie (39.3%) and Prairie sites (39.7%). There are not separate east–west mega-environments for seed protein in Canada; a high protein genotype is high protein across Canada. With an increase of seed protein by 1%, seed yield dropped by 45.3 kg ha−1 in Eastern Canada, 53.1 kg ha−1 in the Eastern Prairie, and 78.4 kg ha−1 in Prairie sites. In Western Canada, plants were taller but lower yielding with fewer and smaller seeds, and produced lower fixed nitrogen protein yield compared with Eastern Canada. Seed protein quality, quantified with the 11S:7S ratio, was higher in Western Canada compared with Eastern Canada. Plant breeders and growers may need to select higher protein genotypes at the cost of lower yield, if the soybean industry is unable to exploit the protein quality advantage in Western Canada.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"411 - 421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41323203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J.W. Mitchell Fetch, K.T. Nilsen, N. Ames, T.G. Fetch, C. McCartney, J. Menzies, X. Wang, A. Burt, S. Kumar, D. Green, K. Stewart, W. Yan, W. Dyck, K.D. Hamilton
Abstract AAC Douglas is a white-hulled spring oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivar, with superior grain-yield potential in the western Canadian oat production areas, yielding 3.5% higher than Summit. AAC Douglas was registered for commercial production in Canada (Reg. No. 8950) on 21 February 2020. AAC Douglas has high protein (5% higher significantly (P=0.05) than AC Morgan) and beta-glucan content (10.6% higher than the nearest check, Summit), making it attractive for milling purposes. AAC Douglas is resistant to loose smut and covered smut, with moderately resistant to intermediate reactions to other diseases encountered in western Canada.
摘要AAC Douglas是一个白壳春燕麦（Avena sativa L.）品种，在加拿大西部燕麦产区具有较高的粮食产量潜力，产量比Summit高3.5%。AAC Douglas于2020年2月21日在加拿大注册进行商业生产（注册号8950）。AAC Douglas的蛋白质含量高（显著高于AC Morgan 5%（P=0.05）），β-葡聚糖含量高（比最近的检查Summit高10.6%），这使其具有研磨用途的吸引力。AAC Douglas对松散黑穗病和覆盖黑穗病具有抗性，对加拿大西部遇到的其他疾病的中间反应具有中等抗性。
{"title":"AAC Douglas oat","authors":"J.W. Mitchell Fetch, K.T. Nilsen, N. Ames, T.G. Fetch, C. McCartney, J. Menzies, X. Wang, A. Burt, S. Kumar, D. Green, K. Stewart, W. Yan, W. Dyck, K.D. Hamilton","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0248","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract AAC Douglas is a white-hulled spring oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivar, with superior grain-yield potential in the western Canadian oat production areas, yielding 3.5% higher than Summit. AAC Douglas was registered for commercial production in Canada (Reg. No. 8950) on 21 February 2020. AAC Douglas has high protein (5% higher significantly (P=0.05) than AC Morgan) and beta-glucan content (10.6% higher than the nearest check, Summit), making it attractive for milling purposes. AAC Douglas is resistant to loose smut and covered smut, with moderately resistant to intermediate reactions to other diseases encountered in western Canada.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"238 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49468466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evelyn E. Osorio, A. Davis, T. Warkentin, R. Bueckert
Abstract In pea, high temperatures during reproductive development lead to severe yield loss. Although the ovule is the seed precursor, studies elucidating the effect of heat on this plant structure are scarce. We investigated the impact of heat in the field and growth chamber on ovules 4 days after the open flower (4DOF) stage. Objectives were to identify associations between ovaries and plant performance, and to evaluate seed set and ovule abortion of heat-treated plants for six cultivars from a diverse range of seed-to-ovule ratios. In the field, plants were seeded at early (control, [early seeded pea, ESP]) and late (stress plant [late seeded pea, LSP]) periods in the season. In growth chambers, plants were exposed to heat (35/18 °C) at early flowering for 4 days and then evaluated at maturity. Stressed plants (LSP) displayed twice as many aborted ovules than ESP during early embryo growth (pro-embryo to globular stage) in synchrony with reduced ovaries, ovules, and embryo sac size. Cultivars with reduced ovary size at 4DOF were related to a high number of reproductive nodes and pods in LSP (r = −0.44 to −0.48). Similarly, under growth chamber conditions, heat caused seed reduction by increasing the abortion of immature ovules (early embryonic stages) at various reproductive nodes. Collectively, our results indicated that pea seed loss from heat in the field is largely due to early embryo abortion, a novel finding, rather than disruption of pre-fertilization events. Compensatory effects on plant performance infer plant resource adjustment. Our findings contribute to the assessment and selection of high-yielding pea cultivars for future warming seasons.
{"title":"Ovule abortion and seed set of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) grown under high temperature","authors":"Evelyn E. Osorio, A. Davis, T. Warkentin, R. Bueckert","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0156","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In pea, high temperatures during reproductive development lead to severe yield loss. Although the ovule is the seed precursor, studies elucidating the effect of heat on this plant structure are scarce. We investigated the impact of heat in the field and growth chamber on ovules 4 days after the open flower (4DOF) stage. Objectives were to identify associations between ovaries and plant performance, and to evaluate seed set and ovule abortion of heat-treated plants for six cultivars from a diverse range of seed-to-ovule ratios. In the field, plants were seeded at early (control, [early seeded pea, ESP]) and late (stress plant [late seeded pea, LSP]) periods in the season. In growth chambers, plants were exposed to heat (35/18 °C) at early flowering for 4 days and then evaluated at maturity. Stressed plants (LSP) displayed twice as many aborted ovules than ESP during early embryo growth (pro-embryo to globular stage) in synchrony with reduced ovaries, ovules, and embryo sac size. Cultivars with reduced ovary size at 4DOF were related to a high number of reproductive nodes and pods in LSP (r = −0.44 to −0.48). Similarly, under growth chamber conditions, heat caused seed reduction by increasing the abortion of immature ovules (early embryonic stages) at various reproductive nodes. Collectively, our results indicated that pea seed loss from heat in the field is largely due to early embryo abortion, a novel finding, rather than disruption of pre-fertilization events. Compensatory effects on plant performance infer plant resource adjustment. Our findings contribute to the assessment and selection of high-yielding pea cultivars for future warming seasons.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"270 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45073400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaoming Huang, K. K. Gali, G. Arganosa, B. Tar’an, R. Bueckert, T. Warkentin
Abstract The warming Canadian summers have become a major abiotic stress to crops, including pea. In the past decade, attempts were made in the understanding of heat stress effect and genomic mapping for heat-responsive traits in field pea. In this study, a new recombinant inbred line population (PR-24) consisting of 39 lines was tested in 6 trials in the summers of 2020 (near normal weather conditions) and 2021 (hot/dry conditions). PR-24 was phenotyped for days to flowering (DTF), days to maturity, plant height, lodging, yield components, plot yield, and seed quality traits. Plant height could be an effective indicator for yield prediction, because its correlation with plot yield was significantly positive in all six trials despite varying degrees of heat and drought stress. Under normal summer weather conditions in 2020, relatively late maturity was correlated with greater seed yield; under heat/drought stress conditions in 2021, successful pod development on the main stem was important for final plot yield. Linkage mapping was used to dissect the genomic regions associated with the measured traits. Four QTLs were identified over multiple trials, one each for DTF (chromosome 7), reproductive node number (chromosome 5), pod number (chromosome 2), and seed protein concentration (chromosome 5). Furthermore, two indices, i.e., stress tolerance index and geometric mean yield, previously used in drought tolerance assessment were validated as useful criteria for heat tolerance assessment in this study.
{"title":"Breeding indicators for high-yielding field pea under normal and heat stress environments","authors":"Shaoming Huang, K. K. Gali, G. Arganosa, B. Tar’an, R. Bueckert, T. Warkentin","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0158","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The warming Canadian summers have become a major abiotic stress to crops, including pea. In the past decade, attempts were made in the understanding of heat stress effect and genomic mapping for heat-responsive traits in field pea. In this study, a new recombinant inbred line population (PR-24) consisting of 39 lines was tested in 6 trials in the summers of 2020 (near normal weather conditions) and 2021 (hot/dry conditions). PR-24 was phenotyped for days to flowering (DTF), days to maturity, plant height, lodging, yield components, plot yield, and seed quality traits. Plant height could be an effective indicator for yield prediction, because its correlation with plot yield was significantly positive in all six trials despite varying degrees of heat and drought stress. Under normal summer weather conditions in 2020, relatively late maturity was correlated with greater seed yield; under heat/drought stress conditions in 2021, successful pod development on the main stem was important for final plot yield. Linkage mapping was used to dissect the genomic regions associated with the measured traits. Four QTLs were identified over multiple trials, one each for DTF (chromosome 7), reproductive node number (chromosome 5), pod number (chromosome 2), and seed protein concentration (chromosome 5). Furthermore, two indices, i.e., stress tolerance index and geometric mean yield, previously used in drought tolerance assessment were validated as useful criteria for heat tolerance assessment in this study.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"259 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48452493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Maize roots vary their growth in response to nitrate (NO-3) concentration in the environment, but growth plasticity differs among root types. We assessed the morphological response of lateral and axial roots on the primary, seminal, and crown root types exposed to 0, 1, 2, 3.9, and 7.8mmolL−1 NO-3. Higher NO-3 concentration did not change the growth of all axial roots and laterals of primary roots but caused positive quadratic growth in laterals of the seminal and crown root types. Maize root plasticity to NO-3 concentrations is the result of differential growth of laterals on seminal and crown root types.
{"title":"Distinctive plasticity of maize (Zea mays) root types to variable nitrate concentration","authors":"Yutong Jiang, Chih-Yu Hung, J. Whalen","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0246","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Maize roots vary their growth in response to nitrate (NO-3) concentration in the environment, but growth plasticity differs among root types. We assessed the morphological response of lateral and axial roots on the primary, seminal, and crown root types exposed to 0, 1, 2, 3.9, and 7.8mmolL−1 NO-3. Higher NO-3 concentration did not change the growth of all axial roots and laterals of primary roots but caused positive quadratic growth in laterals of the seminal and crown root types. Maize root plasticity to NO-3 concentrations is the result of differential growth of laterals on seminal and crown root types.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"319 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41374366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Houghton, K. Bevandick, D. Neilsen, K. Hannam, L. Nelson
Abstract Irrigated agriculture in semi-arid regions is expected to increase in the future, which puts greater demands on scarce water resources. Sustainable irrigation strategies in semi-arid regions will support agricultural resilience to climatic change. The response of “Sweetheart”/Mazzard sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium L.) to postharvest deficit irrigation (PDI), as a water conservation method, was studied over three seasons (2019–2022) in the semi-arid Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, at five commercial orchards. The following irrigation treatments were applied; (i) a control of full irrigation, irrigated according to conventional growers’ practice at each orchard, (ii) PDI-30: 27%–33% reduction in irrigation volume, after harvest (67%–73% of control), and (iii) PDI-50: 47%–52% reduction in irrigation volume, after harvest (48–53% of control). Spring phenology (the timing of flower bud development, from side green to full bloom), flower bud moisture content and cold hardiness, and fruit yield and quality (before and after cold storage and shelf-life conditions) were assessed to determine if PDI altered fruit development over the subsequent growing season. Neither PDI-30 nor PDI-50 caused changes in the timing of flower bud phenology, cold hardiness or moisture content relative to the control. PDI treatments also had no effect on fruit yield or fruit quality at harvest or after storage and shelf-life conditions. These results suggest PDI could be used to reduce irrigation water use in semi-arid regions, like the Okanagan Valley, without affecting sweet cherry production or fruit quality.
{"title":"Effects of postharvest deficit irrigation on sweet cherry (Prunus avium) in five Okanagan Valley, Canada, orchards: II. Phenology, cold hardiness, fruit yield, and quality","authors":"E. Houghton, K. Bevandick, D. Neilsen, K. Hannam, L. Nelson","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Irrigated agriculture in semi-arid regions is expected to increase in the future, which puts greater demands on scarce water resources. Sustainable irrigation strategies in semi-arid regions will support agricultural resilience to climatic change. The response of “Sweetheart”/Mazzard sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium L.) to postharvest deficit irrigation (PDI), as a water conservation method, was studied over three seasons (2019–2022) in the semi-arid Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, at five commercial orchards. The following irrigation treatments were applied; (i) a control of full irrigation, irrigated according to conventional growers’ practice at each orchard, (ii) PDI-30: 27%–33% reduction in irrigation volume, after harvest (67%–73% of control), and (iii) PDI-50: 47%–52% reduction in irrigation volume, after harvest (48–53% of control). Spring phenology (the timing of flower bud development, from side green to full bloom), flower bud moisture content and cold hardiness, and fruit yield and quality (before and after cold storage and shelf-life conditions) were assessed to determine if PDI altered fruit development over the subsequent growing season. Neither PDI-30 nor PDI-50 caused changes in the timing of flower bud phenology, cold hardiness or moisture content relative to the control. PDI treatments also had no effect on fruit yield or fruit quality at harvest or after storage and shelf-life conditions. These results suggest PDI could be used to reduce irrigation water use in semi-arid regions, like the Okanagan Valley, without affecting sweet cherry production or fruit quality.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"184 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42301927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Carcamo, B. Beres, A. Wijerathna, T. Schwinghamer
Several insects, including the wheat stem sawfly ( Cephus cinctus Norton, Hymenoptera: Cephidae), interfere with biomass and grain production of triticale ( × Triticosecale ). We conducted a 2-year study in southern Alberta to compare the cultivars Pronghorn and AC Ultima at 200 and 400 seeds/m 2 in terms of wheat stem sawfly damage and incidence of a parasitoid wasp ( Bracon cephi Gahan, Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Plants of AC Ultima seeded at the high rate were on average less damaged than those of Pronghorn, and had more parasitoids. AC Ultima was characterized by more solid pith development in the lumen, compared with Pronghorn, and it can be considered adequate germplasm for the development of more resistant solid triticale cultivars.
{"title":"Correction: Triticale cultivars and seeding rates affect wheat stem sawfly survivorship and parasitism by Bracon cephi","authors":"H. Carcamo, B. Beres, A. Wijerathna, T. Schwinghamer","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0254","url":null,"abstract":"Several insects, including the wheat stem sawfly ( Cephus cinctus Norton, Hymenoptera: Cephidae), interfere with biomass and grain production of triticale ( × Triticosecale ). We conducted a 2-year study in southern Alberta to compare the cultivars Pronghorn and AC Ultima at 200 and 400 seeds/m 2 in terms of wheat stem sawfly damage and incidence of a parasitoid wasp ( Bracon cephi Gahan, Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Plants of AC Ultima seeded at the high rate were on average less damaged than those of Pronghorn, and had more parasitoids. AC Ultima was characterized by more solid pith development in the lumen, compared with Pronghorn, and it can be considered adequate germplasm for the development of more resistant solid triticale cultivars.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"145 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41471663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Extreme climatic events, such as drought and heavy rainfall, are increasing with climate change. These events can threaten agroecosystems, including vineyards. Cover crops are often grown in vineyards for various reasons and can be an effective strategy for climate change adaptation. Understanding which cover crop species can establish well under extreme climate conditions is important. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate the responses of nine cover crop species to overwatered and water-deficit conditions. Treatments included (1) overwatered soil condition, watered at 100% field capacity daily, (2) control, watered at 60%–70% every other day, and (3) water deficit, watered at 15%–20% weekly for 53 growing days. Results indicated that the total dry weight of all species decreased (most significantly) under water-deficit conditions. However, pubescent wheatgrass and red fescue did not exhibit any stress symptoms. Apart from alfalfa, all species established well under overwatered conditions despite slight yellowing of foliage for crimson clover and hairy vetch. Pearl millet and yellow sweet clover had the best establishment regardless of conditions. Our results provide important information on the selection of cover crops that can withstand climatic variability and thrive in the extreme conditions linked to the climate change scenario in Canada.
{"title":"Testing cover crop species under three soil moisture conditions in a controlled greenhouse environment","authors":"M.L. Ben Kalifa, H. VanVolkenburg, L. Vasseur","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0188","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Extreme climatic events, such as drought and heavy rainfall, are increasing with climate change. These events can threaten agroecosystems, including vineyards. Cover crops are often grown in vineyards for various reasons and can be an effective strategy for climate change adaptation. Understanding which cover crop species can establish well under extreme climate conditions is important. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate the responses of nine cover crop species to overwatered and water-deficit conditions. Treatments included (1) overwatered soil condition, watered at 100% field capacity daily, (2) control, watered at 60%–70% every other day, and (3) water deficit, watered at 15%–20% weekly for 53 growing days. Results indicated that the total dry weight of all species decreased (most significantly) under water-deficit conditions. However, pubescent wheatgrass and red fescue did not exhibit any stress symptoms. Apart from alfalfa, all species established well under overwatered conditions despite slight yellowing of foliage for crimson clover and hairy vetch. Pearl millet and yellow sweet clover had the best establishment regardless of conditions. Our results provide important information on the selection of cover crops that can withstand climatic variability and thrive in the extreme conditions linked to the climate change scenario in Canada.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"175 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44704293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In 2021, an unprecedented heat event caused widespread damage to tree fruit crops across western North America. In a preliminary trial conducted that summer in an apple (var. “Fuji”) orchard in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, a calcium carbonate-based foliar protectant reduced severe sunburn by 9% and fruit asymmetry by 17% but had no other effects on fruit quality, water stress, or leaf gas exchange. With climate change, extreme heat events are projected to become more frequent and extreme. Foliar protectants show potential for preserving fruit quality, but further research is urgently required to optimize their use in Canada.
{"title":"Tools for climate resilience in tree fruit II: a calcium carbonate-based foliar spray showed potential for protecting fruit quality during an unprecedented heat event","authors":"K. Hannam, J. MacDonald","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0079","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 2021, an unprecedented heat event caused widespread damage to tree fruit crops across western North America. In a preliminary trial conducted that summer in an apple (var. “Fuji”) orchard in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, a calcium carbonate-based foliar protectant reduced severe sunburn by 9% and fruit asymmetry by 17% but had no other effects on fruit quality, water stress, or leaf gas exchange. With climate change, extreme heat events are projected to become more frequent and extreme. Foliar protectants show potential for preserving fruit quality, but further research is urgently required to optimize their use in Canada.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"228 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48593883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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