S. Crittenden, G. Clayton, Marley Boyce, X. Deng, C. Grant
Canola yield and quality are important for food, feed, and industrial end-uses. There may be trade-offs between the agronomic and quality aspects of canola production depending on varietal traits and management. The objective of this work was to assess the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) fertilization on agronomic and quality properties of canola varieties with distinct oleic acid contents. Nitrogen fertilization rates were 0, 25, 50, or 100 kg ha-1, P rates were 0 or 30 kg ha-1, and S rates were 0 or 20 kg ha-1. Canola was grown in 2003, 2004, and 2005 at Brandon, a private farm close to Brandon, and at Lacombe, Canada. Canola yields averaged 2.36 t ha-1 for conventional, 2.53 t ha-1 for low, and 2.2 t ha-1 for the high oleic acid varieties at maximum fertilization of N, P, and S. The high oleic acid variety averaged 75 % oleic acid content, whereas the low variety averaged 65 %, and the conventional variety 62 %. Total saturated fatty acids were greatest with the conventional oleic acid variety, and tended to increase with N, decrease with S, and were not influenced by P. The high oleic acid variety yielded slightly less than the other two varieties but tended to have lower glucosinolate and saturated fatty acid contents. This work could have implications for human nutrition or other end-uses. Current canola varieties and fertility management should be studied to produce canola with quality tailored for the end use.
油菜产量和质量对食品、饲料和工业最终用途都很重要。油菜生产的农艺和质量方面可能存在权衡，这取决于品种特征和管理。本工作的目的是评估氮（N）、磷（P）和硫（S）施肥对具有不同油酸含量的油菜品种的农艺和品质特性的影响。施氮量分别为0、25、50或100 kg ha-1，P为0或30 kg ha-1；S为0或20 kg ha-1。卡诺拉于2003年、2004年和2005年在布兰登附近的私人农场布兰登和加拿大拉孔贝种植。在N、P和S的最大施肥量下，常规品种的油菜产量平均为2.36 t ha-1，低产量为2.53 t ha-1。高油酸品种的平均油酸含量为75%，而低品种的平均含量为65%，常规品种为62%。总饱和脂肪酸含量以常规油酸品种最高，且随N增加而增加，随S减少而减少，不受P的影响。高油酸品种产量略低于其他两个品种，但硫代葡萄糖苷和饱和脂肪酸的含量较低。这项工作可能对人类营养或其他最终用途产生影响。应研究目前的油菜籽品种和肥力管理，以生产出适合最终用途的优质油菜籽。
{"title":"Canola variety, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur fertilization affect yield, quality, and fatty acid profile","authors":"S. Crittenden, G. Clayton, Marley Boyce, X. Deng, C. Grant","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0055","url":null,"abstract":"Canola yield and quality are important for food, feed, and industrial end-uses. There may be trade-offs between the agronomic and quality aspects of canola production depending on varietal traits and management. The objective of this work was to assess the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) fertilization on agronomic and quality properties of canola varieties with distinct oleic acid contents. Nitrogen fertilization rates were 0, 25, 50, or 100 kg ha-1, P rates were 0 or 30 kg ha-1, and S rates were 0 or 20 kg ha-1. Canola was grown in 2003, 2004, and 2005 at Brandon, a private farm close to Brandon, and at Lacombe, Canada. Canola yields averaged 2.36 t ha-1 for conventional, 2.53 t ha-1 for low, and 2.2 t ha-1 for the high oleic acid varieties at maximum fertilization of N, P, and S. The high oleic acid variety averaged 75 % oleic acid content, whereas the low variety averaged 65 %, and the conventional variety 62 %. Total saturated fatty acids were greatest with the conventional oleic acid variety, and tended to increase with N, decrease with S, and were not influenced by P. The high oleic acid variety yielded slightly less than the other two varieties but tended to have lower glucosinolate and saturated fatty acid contents. This work could have implications for human nutrition or other end-uses. Current canola varieties and fertility management should be studied to produce canola with quality tailored for the end use.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47791124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cyclamen mite is a nearly global pest of strawberry, inhabiting concealed spaces within folded leaves and flower buds emerging from plant crowns. It feeds on new plant tissue causing leaf discoloration and deformation, stunted plants, fruit bronzing and cracking, and yield losses at high population levels. Because UV-C irradiation is a promising new tool for disease and pest management in strawberry, and because there are few control options for cyclamen mite, we tested the direct, short-term effects of UV-C on cyclamen mite populations in potted strawberry plants in a controlled environment. Results from three experiments showed few differences in cyclamen mite populations on controls versus plants treated with UV-C (0.237 W m-1) for three or four weeks. In the second experiment, using a different strawberry cultivar and directing the UV-C from above the plant crown only, there was indication of a mild effect that may be due to some direct mortality and/or indirectly to plant defenses. However, longer-term studies will need to be conducted to determine whether pre-infestation exposure to UV-C can enable strawberry plants to better resist or tolerate cyclamen mite populations. Direct mortality did not occur as in previous experiments with pests, like twospotted spider mite, that live primarily on opened leaves.
仙客来螨几乎是一种全球性的草莓害虫，栖息在折叠的叶子和从植物树冠冒出的花蕾内的隐蔽空间。它以新的植物组织为食，导致叶片变色和变形、植株发育迟缓、果实古铜色和开裂，并在高种群水平下造成产量损失。由于UV-C辐射是一种很有前途的草莓病虫害管理新工具，而且对仙客来螨的控制选择很少，我们在受控环境中测试了UV-C对盆栽草莓中仙客来螨虫种群的直接短期影响。三个实验的结果显示，与用UV-C（0.237 W m-1）处理三到四周的植物相比，对照组的仙客来螨种群几乎没有差异。在第二个实验中，使用不同的草莓品种，并仅从树冠上方引导UV-C，有迹象表明，这种温和的影响可能是由于一些直接的死亡和/或间接的植物防御。然而，需要进行长期研究，以确定虫害前暴露于UV-C是否能使草莓植物更好地抵抗或耐受仙客来螨种群。直接死亡并没有像以前对害虫的实验那样发生，比如主要生活在开放的叶子上的两点蜘蛛螨。
{"title":"Ultraviolet-C irradiation has no short-term, direct effects on cyclamen mite (Phytonemus pallidus (Banks)) in strawberry.","authors":"J. Renkema, F. Takeda, W. Janisiewicz","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Cyclamen mite is a nearly global pest of strawberry, inhabiting concealed spaces within folded leaves and flower buds emerging from plant crowns. It feeds on new plant tissue causing leaf discoloration and deformation, stunted plants, fruit bronzing and cracking, and yield losses at high population levels. Because UV-C irradiation is a promising new tool for disease and pest management in strawberry, and because there are few control options for cyclamen mite, we tested the direct, short-term effects of UV-C on cyclamen mite populations in potted strawberry plants in a controlled environment. Results from three experiments showed few differences in cyclamen mite populations on controls versus plants treated with UV-C (0.237 W m-1) for three or four weeks. In the second experiment, using a different strawberry cultivar and directing the UV-C from above the plant crown only, there was indication of a mild effect that may be due to some direct mortality and/or indirectly to plant defenses. However, longer-term studies will need to be conducted to determine whether pre-infestation exposure to UV-C can enable strawberry plants to better resist or tolerate cyclamen mite populations. Direct mortality did not occur as in previous experiments with pests, like twospotted spider mite, that live primarily on opened leaves.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49116445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UA CountyGold is an imidazoline herbicide resistant open-pollinated non-transgenic spring Brassica napus L. canola cultivar developed from UA BountyGold × UA AlfaGold cross following pedigree breeding method and registered in Canada in 2021. The pedigree of UA CountyGold contains winter canola germplasm. On average, UA CountyGold yielded 3152 kg ha-1. It flowered and matured 4.5-6.5 days later, however, had better straw-stiffness than the WCC/RRC check cultivars. This cultivar had about 0.9% higher oil in seed and 1.5% higher protein in meal, and 0.7% lower saturated fatty acids in the seed-oil than the WCC/RRC checks, and rated as moderately resistant to blackleg disease.
UA CountyGold是一个耐咪唑啉除草剂的开放授粉非转基因春季甘蓝型油菜品种，由UA BountyGold×UA AlfaGold杂交后代按照谱系育种方法培育而成，于2021年在加拿大注册。UA CountyGold的系谱包含冬油菜种质。UA CountyGold的平均产量为3152 kg ha-1。然而，它在4.5-6.5天后开花和成熟，比WCC/RRC对照品种具有更好的秸秆硬度。与WCC/RRC对照相比，该品种种子中的油脂含量高出约0.9%，膳食中的蛋白质含量高出1.5%，种子中的饱和脂肪酸含量低出0.7%，对黑腿病具有中等抗性。
{"title":"UA CountyGold imidazoline herbicide-resistant non-transgenic open-pollinated spring Brassica napus canola","authors":"H. Rahman","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0060","url":null,"abstract":"UA CountyGold is an imidazoline herbicide resistant open-pollinated non-transgenic spring Brassica napus L. canola cultivar developed from UA BountyGold × UA AlfaGold cross following pedigree breeding method and registered in Canada in 2021. The pedigree of UA CountyGold contains winter canola germplasm. On average, UA CountyGold yielded 3152 kg ha-1. It flowered and matured 4.5-6.5 days later, however, had better straw-stiffness than the WCC/RRC check cultivars. This cultivar had about 0.9% higher oil in seed and 1.5% higher protein in meal, and 0.7% lower saturated fatty acids in the seed-oil than the WCC/RRC checks, and rated as moderately resistant to blackleg disease.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42624694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. McNeil, D. Lynch, M. Z. Alam, A. Mills, Carolyn B. Marshall
The green manure residual effect on soil health 2 years later in crop rotation is understudied. Little is known about weed biomass impact on soil microbial communities or their interactions. A Colchester County, NS, Canada, organic grain research trial during 2016–2017 comprised 2 or 3-year rotations with or without green manure crop prior to wheat, and then soybeans. Fall soil sampling was conducted both years. The soybean phase of the crop rotation was managed as weedy or non-weedy. Weedy soil showed significantly increased soil respiratory activity and fungal microbial biomass. Green manure treatments did not significantly influence soil health indicators.
{"title":"Impact of green manure and weeds on selected soil health indicators in an organic grain cropping system in Nova Scotia","authors":"M. McNeil, D. Lynch, M. Z. Alam, A. Mills, Carolyn B. Marshall","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"The green manure residual effect on soil health 2 years later in crop rotation is understudied. Little is known about weed biomass impact on soil microbial communities or their interactions. A Colchester County, NS, Canada, organic grain research trial during 2016–2017 comprised 2 or 3-year rotations with or without green manure crop prior to wheat, and then soybeans. Fall soil sampling was conducted both years. The soybean phase of the crop rotation was managed as weedy or non-weedy. Weedy soil showed significantly increased soil respiratory activity and fungal microbial biomass. Green manure treatments did not significantly influence soil health indicators.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46357030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marie-Soleil Boucher, G. Tremblay, P. Seguin, M. Thériault, É. Charbonneau, Jean-Philippe Laroche, A. Bertrand, A. Claessens, G. Bélanger, C. Halde
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars developed for improved digestibility by conventional breeding or genetically modified (GM) have not been evaluated in eastern Canada. This study compared yield, nutritive value, and profitability of two reduced-lignin GM cultivars, three conventionally selected for low lignin or high-pectin, and one population with improved stem degradability, with two commercially adapted cultivars as controls. Alfalfa was harvested at the early bud (intensive management) or early flower (extensive management) stage of development during the first post-seeding year at three sites and the second post-seeding year at one site. All cultivars/population had similar annual dry matter (DM) yield, except for lower DM yield (−20%) of the improved stem degradability population. Conventionally selected cultivars for improved digestibility did not differ from control cultivars for in vitro DM digestibility (IVTD) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFd). Reduced-lignin GM cultivars, however, had a greater IVTD and NDFd (+10%), and less lignin (-10%) than control cultivars at the same stage of development. Reduced-lignin GM cultivars under extensive management had similar NDFd and greater annual DM yield (+1 to 2 Mg DM ha−1), but reduced total digestible nutrients (−41 to 44 g kg−1 DM), in comparison to control cultivars under intensive management. Using partial budget analysis the comparison of more digestible GM cultivars to the control cultivars resulted in an increase in annual farm net profits ranging from CAD$7.4 to $79.6 cow−1 yr−1 depending on stage of development at harvest. Further investigations are needed to quantify performance of dairy cows fed cultivars with improved digestibility.
通过常规育种或转基因(GM)培育的提高消化率的苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)品种尚未在加拿大东部进行评估。本研究比较了两个低木质素或高果胶转基因品种的产量、营养价值和盈利能力，三个传统选择的低木质素或高果胶转基因品种，一个改进茎降解性的群体，两个商业适应品种作为对照。在三个地点的播后第一年和一个地点的播后第二年，苜蓿在萌芽早期(集约管理)或开花早期(粗放管理)发育阶段收获。除茎秆可降解性改良群体的干物质产量较低(- 20%)外，所有品种/群体的年干物质产量相近。提高消化率的常规选择品种与对照品种在体外DM消化率(IVTD)和中性洗涤纤维消化率(NDFd)方面无显著差异。与对照品种相比，低木质素转基因品种的IVTD和NDFd(+10%)更高，木质素含量(-10%)更低。粗放管理下的减木质素转基因品种具有相似的NDFd和更高的年干物质产量(+1 ~ 2 Mg DM / m2)，但总可消化养分(- 41 ~ 44 g kg - 1 DM)低于集约管理下的对照品种。利用部分预算分析，将更易消化的转基因品种与对照品种进行比较，根据收获时的发育阶段，农场年净利润增加了7.4至79.6加元。饲喂消化率提高品种的奶牛的生产性能需要进一步的量化研究。
{"title":"Productivity, nutritive value, and profitability of high digestibility alfalfa cultivars harvested at two stages of development in eastern Canada","authors":"Marie-Soleil Boucher, G. Tremblay, P. Seguin, M. Thériault, É. Charbonneau, Jean-Philippe Laroche, A. Bertrand, A. Claessens, G. Bélanger, C. Halde","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars developed for improved digestibility by conventional breeding or genetically modified (GM) have not been evaluated in eastern Canada. This study compared yield, nutritive value, and profitability of two reduced-lignin GM cultivars, three conventionally selected for low lignin or high-pectin, and one population with improved stem degradability, with two commercially adapted cultivars as controls. Alfalfa was harvested at the early bud (intensive management) or early flower (extensive management) stage of development during the first post-seeding year at three sites and the second post-seeding year at one site. All cultivars/population had similar annual dry matter (DM) yield, except for lower DM yield (−20%) of the improved stem degradability population. Conventionally selected cultivars for improved digestibility did not differ from control cultivars for in vitro DM digestibility (IVTD) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFd). Reduced-lignin GM cultivars, however, had a greater IVTD and NDFd (+10%), and less lignin (-10%) than control cultivars at the same stage of development. Reduced-lignin GM cultivars under extensive management had similar NDFd and greater annual DM yield (+1 to 2 Mg DM ha−1), but reduced total digestible nutrients (−41 to 44 g kg−1 DM), in comparison to control cultivars under intensive management. Using partial budget analysis the comparison of more digestible GM cultivars to the control cultivars resulted in an increase in annual farm net profits ranging from CAD$7.4 to $79.6 cow−1 yr−1 depending on stage of development at harvest. Further investigations are needed to quantify performance of dairy cows fed cultivars with improved digestibility.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45443437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohsen Yoosefzadeh Najafabadi, B. Stirling, R. Brandt, S. Torabi, M. Eskandari
The OAC Union cultivar of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is semi-determinate, has large seeds suitable for food-grade purposes, and offers high yield potential with elevated concentrations of seed protein and oil. Additionally, it displays resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN). OAC Union is developed and recommended for soybean growing areas in southwestern Ontario with 2800 or greater crop heat units and has a relative maturity of 1.4 (MG 1.4).
{"title":"OAC Union soybean","authors":"Mohsen Yoosefzadeh Najafabadi, B. Stirling, R. Brandt, S. Torabi, M. Eskandari","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0037","url":null,"abstract":"The OAC Union cultivar of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is semi-determinate, has large seeds suitable for food-grade purposes, and offers high yield potential with elevated concentrations of seed protein and oil. Additionally, it displays resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN). OAC Union is developed and recommended for soybean growing areas in southwestern Ontario with 2800 or greater crop heat units and has a relative maturity of 1.4 (MG 1.4).","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44947016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohsen Yoosefzadeh Najafabadi, R. Brandt, B. Stirling, S. Torabi, M. Eskandari
OAC Stirling is a semi-determinate large-seeded food-grade soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar with high yield potential, high seed protein concentration, and resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN). OAC Stirling is developed and recommended for soybean growing areas in southwestern Ontario with 3100 or greater crop heat units and has a relative maturity of 2.3 (MG 2.3).
{"title":"OAC Stirling soybean","authors":"Mohsen Yoosefzadeh Najafabadi, R. Brandt, B. Stirling, S. Torabi, M. Eskandari","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0038","url":null,"abstract":"OAC Stirling is a semi-determinate large-seeded food-grade soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar with high yield potential, high seed protein concentration, and resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN). OAC Stirling is developed and recommended for soybean growing areas in southwestern Ontario with 3100 or greater crop heat units and has a relative maturity of 2.3 (MG 2.3).","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48234021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sharpe, J. Leeson, C. Geddes, C. Willenborg, H. Beckie
Kochia ( Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott) is a problematic tumbleweed, which infests row crops and ruderal areas within western Canada. Herbicide resistance makes kochia management challenging for producers. Widespread resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibitors, evolution and spread of glyphosate resistance, and the occurrence of dicamba resistance has been previously noted in Saskatchewan. This study's objective was to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of glyphosate- and dicamba-resistant kochia in central and southern Saskatchewan. A randomized, stratified survey was conducted in the fall of 2019 at 303 sites. Rotational history was obtained using the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Annual Crop Inventory. Kochia samples were collected from cropped fields (78%), ditches (17%), oil well sites (2%), and railway grades (3%). Glyphosate resistance was detected in 87% of samples ( n = 275) within 137 Rural Municipalities (RMs). Dicamba resistance was detected in 45% of kochia samples ( n = 255) in 87 RMs. Crops infested with herbicide-resistant kochia included wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. and T. durum Desf.), canola ( Brassica napus L.), lentils ( Lens culinaris Medik.), barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.), and peas ( Pisum sativum L.). Reducing the soil seedbank and preventing dispersal will be critical to mitigating resistance. Good herbicide stewardship including mixing multiple modes of action is paramount. Cultural strategies to increase canopy closure and crop competitiveness to limit biomass and seed production are recommended. Kochia occupies many environments outside of cropped fields, and a community-wide management approach may be necessary to reduce dispersal potential of tumbling plants that disperse seed.
{"title":"Survey of glyphosate- and dicamba-resistant kochia (Bassia scoparia) in Saskatchewan","authors":"S. Sharpe, J. Leeson, C. Geddes, C. Willenborg, H. Beckie","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Kochia ( Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott) is a problematic tumbleweed, which infests row crops and ruderal areas within western Canada. Herbicide resistance makes kochia management challenging for producers. Widespread resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibitors, evolution and spread of glyphosate resistance, and the occurrence of dicamba resistance has been previously noted in Saskatchewan. This study's objective was to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of glyphosate- and dicamba-resistant kochia in central and southern Saskatchewan. A randomized, stratified survey was conducted in the fall of 2019 at 303 sites. Rotational history was obtained using the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Annual Crop Inventory. Kochia samples were collected from cropped fields (78%), ditches (17%), oil well sites (2%), and railway grades (3%). Glyphosate resistance was detected in 87% of samples ( n = 275) within 137 Rural Municipalities (RMs). Dicamba resistance was detected in 45% of kochia samples ( n = 255) in 87 RMs. Crops infested with herbicide-resistant kochia included wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. and T. durum Desf.), canola ( Brassica napus L.), lentils ( Lens culinaris Medik.), barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.), and peas ( Pisum sativum L.). Reducing the soil seedbank and preventing dispersal will be critical to mitigating resistance. Good herbicide stewardship including mixing multiple modes of action is paramount. Cultural strategies to increase canopy closure and crop competitiveness to limit biomass and seed production are recommended. Kochia occupies many environments outside of cropped fields, and a community-wide management approach may be necessary to reduce dispersal potential of tumbling plants that disperse seed.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44934036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prabhjot Kaur, Kitson Morden, J. Subramanian, Ashutosh Singh
This study provides a detailed report on the physicochemical, bioactive components, and volatile profile of diverse sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) cultivars to identify the cultivar(s) containing high health-promoting components. Physiological characteristics (fruit weight, size dimensions, moisture, color attributes, total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable acidity (TA), MI (Maturity Index), nutritional bioactive components (total phenolic, total anthocyanin content, total flavonoids), antioxidant activity, and volatile profile of 10 sour cherry cultivars, consisting of dark red Morello type and clear fruit flesh- Amarelle type were studied. The total phenolic content (TPC) was in the range of 123.24-289.91 mg GAE/ 100g FW (Fresh Weight), total flavonoids (1340.23- 2831.91 mg Quercetin Equivalent (QE/100g FW), and total anthocyanins (225.43-485.66 mg CGE/100g FW) in different sour cherry cultivars, showing significant diversity in such health-promoting compounds. In-vitro antioxidant activity assessed by FRAP was observed in the range of 658.18-1483.37 mg Trolox Equivalent (TE)/100g FW and by ABTS 384.36 and 931.85 mg TE/100g FW. A total of 10 phenolic components including 5 hydroxycinnamic acids, 3 flavonoids (flavanols and flavanol), and one anthocyanin have been identified and quantified by HPLC. Hydroxycinnamic acids represented the 40-60% composition of total phenolic components, while flavonoids and anthocyanins amounted to 20% each in total phenolic composition. The volatile profile of sour cherry cultivars revealed that aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, esters, monoterpenes, acids, sugars, and hydrocarbons were the predominant volatiles present in sour cherry.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of physicochemical characteristics, bioactive components, and volatile profile of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus)","authors":"Prabhjot Kaur, Kitson Morden, J. Subramanian, Ashutosh Singh","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0263","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides a detailed report on the physicochemical, bioactive components, and volatile profile of diverse sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) cultivars to identify the cultivar(s) containing high health-promoting components. Physiological characteristics (fruit weight, size dimensions, moisture, color attributes, total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable acidity (TA), MI (Maturity Index), nutritional bioactive components (total phenolic, total anthocyanin content, total flavonoids), antioxidant activity, and volatile profile of 10 sour cherry cultivars, consisting of dark red Morello type and clear fruit flesh- Amarelle type were studied. The total phenolic content (TPC) was in the range of 123.24-289.91 mg GAE/ 100g FW (Fresh Weight), total flavonoids (1340.23- 2831.91 mg Quercetin Equivalent (QE/100g FW), and total anthocyanins (225.43-485.66 mg CGE/100g FW) in different sour cherry cultivars, showing significant diversity in such health-promoting compounds. In-vitro antioxidant activity assessed by FRAP was observed in the range of 658.18-1483.37 mg Trolox Equivalent (TE)/100g FW and by ABTS 384.36 and 931.85 mg TE/100g FW. A total of 10 phenolic components including 5 hydroxycinnamic acids, 3 flavonoids (flavanols and flavanol), and one anthocyanin have been identified and quantified by HPLC. Hydroxycinnamic acids represented the 40-60% composition of total phenolic components, while flavonoids and anthocyanins amounted to 20% each in total phenolic composition. The volatile profile of sour cherry cultivars revealed that aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, esters, monoterpenes, acids, sugars, and hydrocarbons were the predominant volatiles present in sour cherry.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49256420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plants regulate various biological activities in cells by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) as signal molecules. Plant NADPH oxidases, respiratory burst oxidase homologues (Rbohs), are the main source of ROS and participate in a variety of plant physiological processes. However, there are few studies regarding the function of Rbohs in rhizobium–legume symbiotic nodulation. A Rbohs subfamily gene GmRbohK was cloned and the gene expression and its subcellular localization were studied. The GmRbohK gene was highly expressed in soybean roots and nodules and greatly induced by rhizobia. GmRbohK was located at the cell membrane of Arabidopsis protoplasts. Moreover, RNA interference (RNAi) of GmRbohK resulted in a decrease in the number of nodules and nitrogenase activity. Meanwhile, the expression levels of nodulation marker genes decreased in association with the decrease in GmRbohK expression level. RNAi of GmRbohK inhibited the production of ROS and blocked infection events at the initial stage of nodule formation. Further analysis of nodule tissue sections revealed that RNAi of GmRbohK significantly reduced the number of bacteroids in the nodule infection area. In conclusion, GmRbohK is heavily involved in the regulation of soybean nodule formation.
{"title":"The soybean NADPH oxidase gene GmRbohK is crucial for nodule formation in symbiosis","authors":"D. Ke, Shuang Feng, Yihan Hu, Dan Xu, Huan Wang","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0271","url":null,"abstract":"Plants regulate various biological activities in cells by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) as signal molecules. Plant NADPH oxidases, respiratory burst oxidase homologues (Rbohs), are the main source of ROS and participate in a variety of plant physiological processes. However, there are few studies regarding the function of Rbohs in rhizobium–legume symbiotic nodulation. A Rbohs subfamily gene GmRbohK was cloned and the gene expression and its subcellular localization were studied. The GmRbohK gene was highly expressed in soybean roots and nodules and greatly induced by rhizobia. GmRbohK was located at the cell membrane of Arabidopsis protoplasts. Moreover, RNA interference (RNAi) of GmRbohK resulted in a decrease in the number of nodules and nitrogenase activity. Meanwhile, the expression levels of nodulation marker genes decreased in association with the decrease in GmRbohK expression level. RNAi of GmRbohK inhibited the production of ROS and blocked infection events at the initial stage of nodule formation. Further analysis of nodule tissue sections revealed that RNAi of GmRbohK significantly reduced the number of bacteroids in the nodule infection area. In conclusion, GmRbohK is heavily involved in the regulation of soybean nodule formation.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45126601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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