Case Studies in Thermal Engineering最新文献_第5页

Study of ZnO-SAE50 over a radiated permeable exponentially elongating curved device subject to non-uniform thermal source and Newtonian heating 在非均匀热源和牛顿加热条件下，研究 ZnO-SAE50 在辐射渗透指数伸长曲线装置上的应用

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105275

Thermal analysis in nanolubricants is a topic of interest. The nanolubricants are uniform mixture of nanoparticles and oil. These fluids extensively use for thermal applications and friction reduction. Hence, the key objectives of this work to analyze the dynamics of ZnO-SAE50 through a curved surface. The traditional problem modified using novel effects of non-uniform thermal source, variable thermal conductivity, non-linear thermal radiations and Newtonian heating in the presence of convective condition. Further, enhanced properties of ZnO-SAE50 used to achieve the desired results. The physical results for the problem obtained through numerical approach (RK scheme coupled with shooting method). It is examined that the velocity enhances by increasing the curvature of the surface (

K = 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0

) while stronger Hartmann effects (

M = 0.1, 0.5, 0.9, 1.3

) and concentration of ZnO reduce the motion over the surface. The momentum boundary layer declines for

S > 0

as compared to

S < 0

. Inclusions of non-uniform source enhanced the thermal transport while prominent increase is observed for Biot number (

B_{i} = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4

). Further, the variable thermal conductivity (

ϵ = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4

) and Newtonian heating have minimal variations in the temperature. Thermal radiations and

ϕ

improve the temperature of ZnO-SAE50. Thus, modified problem in the presence of indicated physical phenomenon has effective outcomes regarding the heat transfer applications in nanolubricants.

纳米润滑剂的热分析是一个令人感兴趣的话题。纳米润滑剂是纳米颗粒与油的均匀混合物。这些液体广泛用于热应用和减少摩擦。因此，这项工作的主要目标是分析 ZnO-SAE50 穿过曲面的动力学。利用非均匀热源、可变热导率、非线性热辐射和对流条件下的牛顿加热等新效应，对传统问题进行了修改。此外，还利用 ZnO-SAE50 的增强特性来实现预期结果。该问题的物理结果是通过数值方法（RK 方案与射击法耦合）获得的。研究发现，随着表面曲率的增加（K=5.0,10.0,15.0,20.0），速度会增加，而较强的哈特曼效应（M=0.1,0.5,0.9,1.3）和氧化锌浓度会减少表面的运动。与 S<0 相比，S>0 的动量边界层减小。非均匀源夹杂物增强了热传导，同时观察到比奥特数（Bi=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4）显著增加。此外，可变导热系数（ϵ=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4）和牛顿加热对温度的影响极小。热辐射和 ϕ 改善了 ZnO-SAE50 的温度。因此，在纳米润滑剂的热传导应用中，存在所示物理现象的改性问题具有有效的结果。

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引用次数: 0

Ray tracing design-optimization & experimental validation of water based optical filter to reduce solar PV module heating 用于减少太阳能光伏组件发热的水基光学滤波器的光线跟踪设计优化和实验验证

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105271

The operating temperature of a photovoltaic (PV) module significantly impacts its efficiency. Increased temperatures reduce the efficiency due to a negative thermal coefficient, which decreases its power above standard test conditions (25 °C, 1000 W/m²). This research targets the reduction of thermal load on PV modules through the incorporation of a water-based optical filter, designed and optimized using ray tracing techniques. The optimal thickness for the glass was determined as 3 mm and 5 mm for the water layers of the filter, providing the best yield. The filter effectively absorbs 92 % of the infrared radiation and 47 % of the ultraviolet spectral flux, significantly reducing heat-induced efficiency losses in the PV module. Water-based optical filter system reduces the module temperature up to 9.80 °C. The optical filter-based PV system achieved a 4.56 % increase in electrical efficiency compared to the reference module, with an average efficiency of 12.19 %. The heated water, reaching up to 48.25 °C, can be reused for various industrial processes, providing both cooling for PV modules and a hot water source, making it versatile and efficient for regions needing both electricity and hot water.

光伏（PV）组件的工作温度对其效率有很大影响。温度升高会因负热系数而降低效率，超过标准测试条件（25 °C，1000 W/m2）会降低功率。这项研究的目标是通过采用光线跟踪技术设计和优化的水基光学滤光片，降低光伏组件的热负荷。玻璃的最佳厚度被确定为 3 毫米，滤光片水层的最佳厚度为 5 毫米，从而获得最佳效果。该滤光片可有效吸收 92% 的红外线辐射和 47% 的紫外线光谱通量，从而显著降低光伏组件中由热引起的效率损失。水基光学过滤器系统可将组件温度降低至 9.80 °C。与参考模块相比，基于光学过滤器的光伏系统的电效率提高了 4.56%，平均效率为 12.19%。加热后的水温高达 48.25 °C，可重新用于各种工业流程，既可为光伏组件提供冷却，又可作为热水来源，对于同时需要电力和热水的地区来说，用途广泛且高效。

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引用次数: 0

Innovative enhancements in solar still performance: A comprehensive study on wick-absorber configurations 创新性地提高太阳能蒸发器的性能：关于灯芯吸附器配置的综合研究

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105273

This study introduces a new thermo-fluid analysis of using wick-absorbers to enhance solar still performance. Three configurations of wick absorbers were tested in a conventional single-slope solar still: (i) Case I: individual wick balls, (ii) Case II: zig-zag wick pattern, and (iii) Case III: rectangular wick array (grid-like pattern). The study evaluates multiple parameters, including saline water temperature, daily water productivity, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, thermal and exergy efficiencies, water cost, and payback period. The addition of an absorbing plate with an insulation layer led to lower saline water temperatures and shifted peak values. Compared to a traditional still, wick utilization enhanced water productivity by 45.8 %, 84.5 %, and 86 % for Cases I, II, and III, respectively, due to increased evaporation rates. This resulted in a relative enhancement in daily thermal efficiency by 64 %, 76 %, and 97.5 %, respectively. Additionally, four correlations were developed to describe Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, with a maximum deviation of 25 %. Economic analysis demonstrated cost-effectiveness, significantly reducing water cost and the payback period by 37 %, 39 %, and 44 % for Cases I, II, and III, respectively, compared to the conventional system.

本研究介绍了使用灯芯吸收器提高太阳能蒸发器性能的新热流体分析方法。在传统的单斜太阳能蒸发器中测试了三种配置的吸芯：(i) 情况 I：单个吸芯球；(ii) 情况 II：人字形吸芯模式；(iii) 情况 III：矩形吸芯阵列（网格状模式）。研究评估了多个参数，包括盐水温度、日水生产力、努塞尔特数、舍伍德数、热效率和放能效率、水成本和投资回收期。增加了带隔热层的吸水板后，盐水温度降低，峰值偏移。与传统蒸馏器相比，由于蒸发率的提高，情况 I、II 和 III 中的灯芯利用率分别提高了 45.8%、84.5% 和 86%。这使得日热效率分别相对提高了 64 %、76 % 和 97.5 %。此外，还开发了四种相关方法来描述努塞尔特数和舍伍德数，最大偏差为 25%。经济分析表明了成本效益，与传统系统相比，案例 I、II 和 III 的水成本和投资回收期分别大幅降低了 37%、39% 和 44%。

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引用次数: 0

Impacts of non-uniform airflow over gas cooler on the performance of transcritical CO2 air conditioning 气体冷却器上的不均匀气流对跨临界二氧化碳空调性能的影响

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105266

The air flowrate and air inlet temperature over gas cooler in transcritical CO₂ air conditioning for vehicles are easily unevenly distributed due to the influence of upstream obstacles. The unevenly distributed airflow affects heat exchange between CO₂ and air, thus influencing the cooling capacity and power consumption of the air conditioning system. This study delves into the implications of such non-uniform airflow on the operational performance of transcritical CO₂ air conditioning through simulation analysis. It elucidates the mechanisms by which the uneven distribution pattern, uneven distribution direction and non-uniformity affect the cooling capacity of transcritical CO₂ air conditioning system. Moreover, the conditions of inhomogeneous airflow for enhanced heat transfer are explored by decoupling inhomogeneous flow rate and inhomogeneous temperature. Results indicate that non-uniform airflow of air temperature distributed as TB-HT (high in top and low in bottom) and air flowrate as TB-HB (high in bottom and low in top) increases the cooling capacity of 27.7 % at non-uniformity of 55 %. Conversely, uneven airflow of flowrate and temperature both distributed as LR-HL (high in left and low in right) at 40 % non-uniformity leads to a wastage of compressor power up to 1/2. These findings reveal the dual impacts of non-uniform airflow on the performance of transcritical CO₂ air conditioning system, which emphasizes the importance of considering these impacts when designing automotive CO₂ air conditioning systems.

由于上游障碍物的影响，汽车跨临界二氧化碳空调中气体冷却器的空气流量和进气温度很容易分布不均。气流分布不均会影响二氧化碳和空气之间的热交换，从而影响空调系统的制冷能力和功耗。本研究通过模拟分析，深入探讨了这种不均匀气流对跨临界二氧化碳空调运行性能的影响。它阐明了不均匀分布模式、不均匀分布方向和不均匀性对跨临界二氧化碳空调系统制冷能力的影响机制。此外，通过解耦不均匀流速和不均匀温度，探讨了增强传热的不均匀气流条件。结果表明，气温分布为 TB-HT（上高下低）和气流速率为 TB-HB（下高上低）的非均匀气流在非均匀度为 55% 时，冷却能力提高了 27.7%。相反，在不均匀度为 40% 的情况下，气流流量和温度分布不均（LR-HL，左高右低）会导致压缩机功率浪费达 1/2。这些发现揭示了不均匀气流对跨临界二氧化碳空调系统性能的双重影响，强调了在设计汽车二氧化碳空调系统时考虑这些影响的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced flow boiling heat transfer with three-section sudden expansion microchannels 利用三段式骤然膨胀微通道强化流动沸腾传热

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105265

In this study, a three-section sudden expansion microchannels (TSE-MCs) heat sink was proposed to stabilize the flow boiling and improve the thermal performance of the heat sink exposed to high-heat-flux scenarios. The structural effect of newly designed TSE-MC and operating conditions on the heat transfer coefficient (HTC), pressure drop penalty, and flow instability were experimentally investigated and contrasted with continuous straight microchannels (CS-MCs). The experiments were performed at a saturation temperature of 35.5 °C, the mass flux ranging from 468–1033 kg/m² s, and the heat flux up to ∼132 W/cm². A comparative analysis based on the experimental results was conducted. Compared to CS-MCs, the nucleate boiling in TSE-MCs was initiated in advance with 0.2–1.2 °C reduction of wall superheat. The maximum HTCs at four mass fluxes, which was up to 62784 W/m² K, were enhanced by 18.9–23.6 %. The uniformity of wall temperature was improved and the average wall temperature was reduced. HTCs and visualized results indicated that the dominant mechanism for heat transfer in TSE-MCs was nucleate boiling. Meanwhile, the pressure drop in TSE-MCs was slightly reduced, and pressure drop oscillations were greatly suppressed. The flow reversal in the inlet plenum was completely eradicated, and the performance evaluation criterion (PEC) of TSE-MC outperformed that of CS-MCs and was improved by 79.81 %–86.25 %. Overall, the present work demonstrates the great advantages of the newly proposed TSE-MCs, it offers a reference for the design of microchannel heat sinks for the real high heat flux dissipation applications.

本研究提出了一种三节骤然膨胀微通道（TSE-MCs）散热器，以稳定流体沸腾并改善散热器在高热流情况下的热性能。实验研究了新设计的 TSE-MC 结构和工作条件对传热系数 (HTC)、压降损失和流动不稳定性的影响，并将其与连续直管微通道 (CS-MC) 进行了对比。实验的饱和温度为 35.5 °C，质量流量范围为 468-1033 kg/m2 s，热流量高达 ∼ 132 W/cm2。根据实验结果进行了对比分析。与 CS-MCs 相比，TSE-MCs 中的成核沸腾提前开始，壁面过热度降低了 0.2-1.2 °C。四种质量通量下的最大 HTCs（高达 62784 W/m2 K）提高了 18.9-23.6%。壁温的均匀性得到改善，平均壁温降低。HTCs 和可视化结果表明，TSE-MCs 的主要传热机制是核沸腾。同时，TSE-MCs 中的压降略有减小，压降振荡被大大抑制。TSE-MC 的性能评价标准（PEC）优于 CS-MC，提高了 79.81 %-86.25 %。总之，本研究成果展示了新提出的 TSE-MC 的巨大优势，为实际高热流量散热应用中的微通道散热器设计提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

Sun-powered solutions: Investigating productivity and economics of small-scale solar desalination system 太阳能解决方案：研究小型太阳能海水淡化系统的生产力和经济性

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105262

Freshwater demand is one of the most critical challenges facing many countries in the world. Jordan is a country in the middle east that is considered one of the poorest countries for renewable freshwater supplies in the world. Though desalination may be one of the solutions to the problem, the cost and energy expenses could be an obstruction. However, with an abundance of annual solar irradiance in Jordan, solar desalination systems, particularly small-scale ones, are considered better alternatives. In this study, a residential-scale solar desalination system is investigated. The design includes evacuated-tube solar heaters with a heat pipe, and flashing units comprising three desalination stages. The experiments included single-stage, double-stage, and triple-stage desalination. The results showed that production rates of 2.2 kg/m² using single-stage, 4.7 kg/m² using double-stage, and 6.4 kg/m² using triple-stage desalination were obtained from the system. The solar water heater used in the system exhibited an average thermal efficiency of 73 %. The economic analysis revealed that the payback period for the triple-stage desalination system is 8 years. The annualized rate of return was calculated to be 2.2 %, assuming the system operates for 4 h per day and 300 days per year.

淡水需求是世界上许多国家面临的最严峻挑战之一。约旦是一个中东国家，被认为是世界上可再生淡水供应最贫乏的国家之一。尽管海水淡化可能是解决这一问题的办法之一，但成本和能源费用可能会成为障碍。然而，约旦每年有丰富的太阳辐照度，太阳能海水淡化系统，尤其是小型太阳能海水淡化系统，被认为是更好的替代方案。本研究调查了一个住宅规模的太阳能海水淡化系统。该系统的设计包括带有热管的真空管太阳能加热器和由三个淡化阶段组成的闪蒸装置。实验包括单级、双级和三级海水淡化。结果表明，该系统的单级脱盐率为 2.2 公斤/平方米，双级脱盐率为 4.7 公斤/平方米，三级脱盐率为 6.4 公斤/平方米。系统中使用的太阳能热水器的平均热效率为 73%。经济分析表明，三级海水淡化系统的投资回收期为 8 年。假设系统每天运行 4 小时，每年运行 300 天，计算得出的年收益率为 2.2%。

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引用次数: 0

Study of heat removal characteristics and energy consumption of shell-tube PCM energy storage units 壳管式 PCM 储能装置的散热特性和能耗研究

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105274

Shell-tube PCM energy storage units are used in cold storage devices, the heat removal process is a critical factor influencing their performance. This study investigates the effects of cooling water temperature, water velocity, and tube shape on the heat removal process of shell-tube PCM energy storage units through both experiments and numerical simulations. The energy performance was analyzed based on the energy consumption of the chiller and water pump. The results show that the spiral tube has the highest heat removal rate and the greatest resistance loss, but also the lowest chiller energy consumption. Additionally, the study found that for every 1 °C increase in cooling water temperature, the heat removal time increases by approximately 13.9 %, the energy efficiency ratio (EER) decreases by about 9.5 %, and the chiller energy consumption decreases by about 5 %. Higher cooling water velocity can improve the heat removal rate but reduces the EER. Beyond tube shape, both the cooling water temperature and velocity affect the PCM liquid fraction distribution inside the shell, thereby influencing the energy consumption during the sensible heat removal of solid-state PCM. The EER of the sensible heat removal process for solid-state PCM is lower compared to that of liquid and hybrid states.

壳管式 PCM 储能装置用于冷藏设备，其散热过程是影响其性能的关键因素。本研究通过实验和数值模拟研究了冷却水温度、水流速度和管子形状对壳管式 PCM 储能装置散热过程的影响。根据冷却器和水泵的能耗分析了能量性能。结果表明，螺旋管的热去除率最高，阻力损失最大，但冷却器的能耗也最低。此外，研究还发现，冷却水温度每升高 1°C，排热时间就会增加约 13.9%，能效比 (EER) 降低约 9.5%，冷水机能耗降低约 5%。较高的冷却水流速可以提高热量去除率，但会降低能效比。除管子形状外，冷却水温度和流速都会影响外壳内 PCM 液体的分布，从而影响固态 PCM 显热去除过程中的能耗。与液态和混合态相比，固态 PCM 显热去除过程的 EER 较低。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the inverse problem of thin slab continuous casting mold based on fluid-solid coupled heat transfer 基于流固耦合传热的薄板坯连铸模逆问题研究

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105277

The thin slab continuous casting (TSCC) process employs a funnel-shaped mold, introducing increased complexity to both the structure and heat transfer of the mold, as well as the cooling water channels. This paper presents a three-dimensional fluid-solid coupled model for calculating the heat flux in a thin slab mold. The model is calculated and validated based on temperature data collected from molds and cooling water in the plant. The results show that the deviations of the wide face average heat flux and cooling water temperature difference from the measured values are 3.49 % and 1.1 %, respectively, demonstrating good agreement. Moreover, the influence of the thin slab mold geometry on heat transfer is explored. The heat flux values calculated in this model are approximately 13 % lower than those in the simplified model in the upper part of the original funnel area, and 2–7% lower in the lower part. Therefore, this model reflects the heat flux's three-dimensional characteristics of the funnel-shaped mold, offering a novel approach to calculating the heat flux of the thin slab mold.

薄板坯连铸 (TSCC) 工艺采用漏斗形铸模，增加了铸模结构和传热以及冷却水道的复杂性。本文提出了一个三维流固耦合模型，用于计算薄板坯铸型中的热通量。该模型根据从工厂模具和冷却水中收集的温度数据进行计算和验证。结果表明，宽面平均热通量和冷却水温差与测量值的偏差分别为 3.49 % 和 1.1 %，显示出良好的一致性。此外，还探讨了薄板模具几何形状对传热的影响。该模型计算出的热通量值在原始漏斗区上部比简化模型低约 13%，在下部低 2-7%。因此，该模型反映了漏斗形模具热通量的三维特征，为计算薄板模具热通量提供了一种新方法。

引用次数: 0

Synergistic effect of Al2O3 particles and alcoholic fluids (butanol, pentanol, and hexanol) on thermal performance in a two-phase closed thermosyphon Al2O3 粒子和酒精流体（丁醇、戊醇和己醇）对两相封闭热流器中热性能的协同效应

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105264

This study investigates the effects of adding micro-sized alumina particles and self-rewetting fluids (n-butanol at 6 wt%, n-pentanol at 2 wt%, and n-hexanol at 0.6 wt%) to distilled water (DW) on the thermal performance of a two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT). The thermal resistance of the TPCT was measured under various test conditions using DW and the three aforementioned self-rewetting fluids as working fluids. Additionally, the thermal performance of the TPCT was compared and analyzed in terms of the thermal resistance by incorporating alumina particles at concentrations of 0.5 % and 1 wt% into both DW and aqueous solutions. The results showed that butanol-, pentanol-, and hexanol-based self-rewetting fluids reduced the thermal resistance by 47 %, 25.7 %, and 15 %, respectively, compared to DW, which is attributable to the inverse Marangoni effect. The thermal resistance was further reduced by 24.3 % and 21.1 % when 0.5 wt% and 1 wt% alumina particles were added to DW, respectively. In particular, an additional reduction in the thermal resistance was achieved with working fluids of DW + self-rewetting fluids and alumina particles. The reductions were 67.9 %, 46.6 %, and 34.8 % for butanol-, pentanol-, and hexanol-based self-rewetting fluids, respectively, indicating a substantial enhancement in TPCT thermal performance.

本研究探讨了在蒸馏水（DW）中添加微小尺寸的氧化铝颗粒和自润湿流体（6 wt%的正丁醇、2 wt%的正戊醇和 0.6 wt%的正己醇）对两相封闭式热吸附器（TPCT）热性能的影响。使用蒸馏水和上述三种自润湿流体作为工作流体，在各种测试条件下测量了 TPCT 的热阻。此外，通过在 DW 和水溶液中加入 0.5% 和 1 wt% 浓度的氧化铝颗粒，对 TPCT 的热阻性能进行了比较和分析。结果表明，与 DW 相比，丁醇基、戊醇基和己醇基自润湿流体的热阻分别降低了 47%、25.7% 和 15%，这归因于逆马兰戈尼效应。当在 DW 中添加 0.5 wt% 和 1 wt% 的氧化铝颗粒时，热阻分别进一步降低了 24.3 % 和 21.1 %。特别是在使用 DW + 自润湿液和氧化铝颗粒的工作液时，热阻进一步降低。丁醇基、戊醇基和己醇基自润湿流体的热阻分别降低了 67.9%、46.6% 和 34.8%，这表明 TPCT 的热性能得到了大幅提高。

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引用次数: 0

A geothermal-based freshwater/cooling system assisted by heat recovery sections: 3E analysis and techno-economic optimization using genetic algorithm 由热回收部分辅助的地热淡水/冷却系统：利用遗传算法进行 3E 分析和技术经济优化

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105267

The proposed system uses a dual-loop organic Rankine cycle, a reverse osmosis desalination unit, an absorption cooling unit, and a thermoelectric generator to produce electricity and freshwater for urban areas. A thorough assessment of the system's thermodynamic and economic performance has been conducted, with a parameter-based investigation to assess the effect of key variables on the system performance. The parametric study indicates that rising the geothermal mass flow rate enhances the energy efficiency, but lowers the energy efficiency and affects the cooling requirements. Moreover, the optimum inlet temperature in turbine 1 increases the desalination efficiency up to 105.02 kg/s at 115 °C, and higher temperatures reduce the performance and system efficiency. Adjusting the temperature difference at the pinch point at Evaporator1 is crucial for system efficiency, with trade-offs between freshwater output, expenses, and exergy efficiency. The capability of the system to produce up to 6,048,000 L of potable water daily signifies a monumental leap towards meeting the water demands of nearly 42,000 individuals, based on European consumption standards. Lastly, the application of genetic algorithms in the optimization process results in an exergetic efficiency of 32.79 % and a cost rate of 58.05 $/h, demonstrating the system's enhanced operational effectiveness.

拟议的系统采用双回路有机朗肯循环、反渗透海水淡化装置、吸收式冷却装置和热电发电机，为城市地区生产电力和淡水。对该系统的热力学和经济性能进行了全面评估，并通过参数调查评估了关键变量对系统性能的影响。参数研究表明，提高地热质量流量可提高能源效率，但会降低能源效率并影响冷却要求。此外，涡轮机 1 的最佳进水温度可提高海水淡化效率，在 115 ℃ 时最高可达 105.02 kg/s，而更高的温度则会降低性能和系统效率。调整蒸发器 1 夹点的温差对系统效率至关重要，需要在淡水产出、费用和放能效率之间进行权衡。根据欧洲消费标准，该系统每天可生产多达 604.8 万升饮用水，这意味着在满足近 42000 人的用水需求方面实现了巨大飞跃。最后，遗传算法在优化过程中的应用使系统的能效达到了 32.79%，成本率为 58.05 美元/小时，这表明系统的运行效率得到了提高。

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引用次数: 0